Ọnọdụ ala nke Rwanda

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Rwanda dị n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Ndịda Afrịka, n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Democratic Republic of the Congo, na nhazi / 2.000°S 30.000°E / -2.000; 30.000.

Na nde abụọ na ise narị atọ na iri atọ na asatọ skwer kilomita (10,169 sq mi), Rwanda dị na mba nke otú narị iri anọ na itoolu kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa.[1] Ọ dị ka Haiti ma ọ bụ steeti Massachusetts na United Steeti .[2][3] Mba ahụ dum dị n'ebe dị élú ebe kachasị ala bụ Osimiri Rusizi na mita narị itoolu na iri ise (3,117 ) n'elu oke osimiri.[2]

Rwanda dị na etiti / Ndịda anyanwụ Afrika, ma nwee ókèala na Democratic Republic of the Congo n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ, Uganda n'ebe ugwu, Tanzania na- ébé ọwụwa anyanwụ, na Burundi n'ebe ndịda.[2] Ọ dị na ogo ole na ole n'ebe ndịda nke equator ma bụrụ nke na-enweghị ala.[4] Isi obodo, Kigali, dị nso n'etiti Rwanda.[5]

Ihe ndị dị mkpa na ala[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Photograph of confluence of the Kagera and the Ruvubu, with the Rwanda-Tanzania border post in foreground, taken from a nearby hilltop
Osimiri Kagera na Ruvubu, akụkụ nke elu Naịl
Map zuru ezu nke Rwanda nwere ike ịbawanye

Mmiri nke dị ná etiti nnukwu mmiri Congo na mmiri Naịl n'esi n'ebe ugwu gaa n'ebe ndịda gafere Rwanda, na ihe dị ka pasenti iri asatọ nke mpaghara mba ahụ na-abanye na Naịl nakwa pasenti iri abụọ na Congo site na Osimiri Rusizi.[6] Osimiri kachasị ogologo na mba ahụ bụ Nyabarongo, nke na-ebili site na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ, na-asọ n'ebe ugwu, ọwụwa anyanwụ, na ndịda ọwụwa Anyanwụ tupu ya na Akanyaru ejikọta iji mepụta Akagera; Akagera na-asọkwa n'ebe ndịda n'akụkụ ókèala ọwụwa a na Tanzania. Nyabarongo-Akagera mechara banye n'Ọdọ Mmiri Victoria, isi iyi ya dị n'ọhịa Nyungwe bụ onye na-asọ mpi maka isi iyi Naịl a na-amaghị ama.[7]

Rwanda nwéré ọtụtụ ọdọ mmiri, nke kachasị ukwuu bụ Lake Kivu. Ọdọ mmiri a dị n'ala nke Albertine Rift n'akụkụ ihe ka ukwuu n'ogologo nke ókè ọdịda anyanwụ Rwanda, yana omimi kachasị elu nke mita narị anọ iri asatọ (1,575 ft), ọ bụ otu n'ime ọdọ mmiri iri abụọ kachasị omimi n'ụwa.[8][9] Ọdọ mmiri ndị ọzọ buru ibu gụnyere Burera, Ruhondo, Muhazi, Rweru, na Ihema, nke ikpeazụ bụ nke kachasị n'ime ọdọ mmiri dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Ogige Ntụrụndụ Akagera.[10]

Ugwu na-achịkwa etiti na ọdịda anyanwụ Rwanda. Ugwu ndị a bụ akụkụ nke Ugwu Albertine Rift nke dị n'akụkụ alaka Albertine nke East African Rift. Alaka a na-esi n'ebe ugwu gaa n'ebe ndịda n'ókè ọdịda anyanwụ nke Rwanda.[11] A na-ahụ ugwu kachasị elu na usoro ugwu Virunga na ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ; nke a gụnyere Ugwu Karisimbi, ebe kachasị elu na Rwanda, na mita nde anọ narị ise na asaa (14,787 ).[12]

Mmiri ozuzo na Kigali (Jenụwarị 2020)

Akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke Rwanda, nke dị n'ime mpaghara ọhịa Albertine Rift, nwere ịdị elu nke mita otu nde na narị ise (4,921 ) ruo mita nde abụọ na narị ise (8,202 ft).[11][13] Ebe etiti mba ahụ bụ ugwu ndị na-agbagharị agbagharị, ebe mpaghara mpaghara ọwụwa anyanwụ nwere savanna, ala dị larịị na ala mmiri.[14]

Rwanda nwere ihu igwe dị n'ebe okpomọkụ, na okpomọkụ dị ala karịa nke mba ndị dị n'etiti n'ihi ịdị elu ya.[4] Kigali, nke dị n'etiti mba ahụ, nwere okpomọkụ kwa ụbọchị n'etiti iri na abụọ (54 °F) na 27 °C (81 ), na obere ọdịiche n'afọ.[15] E nwere ụfọdụ ọdịiche okpomọkụ gafee mba ahụ; ugwu ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ na ugwu na-adịkarị jụụ karịa ala ọwụwa anyanwụ.[16]

E nwere oge mmiri ozuzo abụọ n'afọ. Nke mbụ n'aga site n'ọnwa Febụwarị ruo Jun na nke abụọ site n'ọnwa Septemba ruo Disemba. A na-ekewa ha site na oge ọkọchị abụọ: nke kachasị site n'ọnwa Jun ruo Septemba n'oge mmiri na-adịghị ezo, na nke dị mkpirikpi na nke na-adịchaghị njọ site n'ọnwa Disemba ruo Febrụwarị .[17] Mmiri ozuzo na-adịgasị iche na mpaghara, na ọdịda anyanwụ na ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ nke mba ahụ na-enweta mmiri ozuzo kwa afọ karịa ọwụwa anyanwụ na ndịda ọwụwa Anyanwụ.[18]

Ọdịdị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Rwanda na-ejikọta Burundi maka kilomita narị abụọ na iri itoolu , Democratic Republic of the Congo maka kilomita narị abụọ iri na asatọ , Tanzania maka kilomita narị abụọ iri na asaa na Uganda maka kilomita otu narị iri isii na itoolu Atụmatụ dị n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Afrịka na-egosi na a na-ebu amụma na okpomọkụ ga-arị elu ma dị n'etiti 1.8-4.3 ° karịa nke afọ 1980 ruo 1999 site n'afọ 2100.[19]

Ọdịdị ala[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Rwanda nwere mpaghara nke puku skwer kilomita iri abụọ na isii, nke pasenti atọ n'ime ha bụ mmiri.

Akụkọ ọdịdị ala nke Rwanda

Ọnọdụ ihu igwe[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Rwanda nwere ihu igwe savanna na-ekpo ọkụ na ihu igwe ugwu na-ekpo ọkụ (Köppen climate classification Aw na Cwb / Cfb), yana oge mmiri na oge ọkọchị.

Climate data for Kigali, Rwanda
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 26.9
(80.4) 		27.4
(81.3) 		26.9
(80.4) 		26.2
(79.2) 		25.9
(78.6) 		26.4
(79.5) 		27.1
(80.8) 		28.0
(82.4) 		28.2
(82.8) 		27.2
(81.0) 		26.1
(79.0) 		26.4
(79.5) 		26.9
(80.4)
Average low °C (°F) 15.6
(60.1) 		15.8
(60.4) 		15.7
(60.3) 		16.1
(61.0) 		16.2
(61.2) 		15.3
(59.5) 		15.0
(59.0) 		16.0
(60.8) 		16.0
(60.8) 		15.9
(60.6) 		15.5
(59.9) 		15.6
(60.1) 		15.7
(60.3)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 76.9
(3.03) 		91.0
(3.58) 		114.2
(4.50) 		154.2
(6.07) 		88.1
(3.47) 		18.6
(0.73) 		11.4
(0.45) 		31.1
(1.22) 		69.6
(2.74) 		105.7
(4.16) 		112.7
(4.44) 		77.4
(3.05) 		950.9
(37.44)
Average rainy days (≥ 0.1 mm) 11 11 15 18 13 2 1 4 10 17 17 14 133
Source: World Meteorological Organization.Àtụ:CN

Ihe ndị sitere na okike[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Rwanda nwere ihe ndị a sitere n'okike:

  • ọlaedo
  • cassiterite (tin ore)
  • wolframite (tungsten ore)
  • columbite-tantalite (tantalum na niobium ore)
  • methane
  • ike mmiri na eletrik
  • kọfị
  • tii
  • ala a na-akọ ugbo
  • ahịhịa na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ

ojiji nke ala na Rwanda bụ n'ụzọ dị ukwuu maka ala a na-akọ ugbo, na ebumnuche ndị ọzọ. A na-agba iri anọ km2 nke ala na Rwanda mmiri. Tebụl dị n'okpuru na-akọwa iji ala eme ihe na Rwanda, site na afọ 2011.

Iji ala eme ihe
Ojiji Pasentị nke Ógbè
ala a na-akọ ugbo 46.32
ihe ọkụkụ na-adịgide adịgide 9.49
ndị ọzọ 44.19

Gburugburu ebe obibi[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

ihe ize ndụ nke sitere n'okike na Rwanda gụnyere ụkọ mmiri ozuzo oge na ọrụ mgbawa ugwu nke Ugwu Virunga, nke dị n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ nke mba ahụ, n'akụkụ ókèala ya na Democratic Republic nke Congo.

Nsogbu ndị dị ugbu a[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Okwu ndị dị ugbu a gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi na Rwanda gụnyere: nsonaazụ nke mgbukpọ ọhịa na-enweghị nchịkwa maka mmanụ, ịta nri gabigara ókè, ike ọgwụgwụ ala na ịchụ nta zuru oke.

Nkwekọrịta mba ụwa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Rwanda bụ otu n'ime nkwekọrịta mba ụwa ndị a:

Rwanda abịanyewo aka, mana ọ kwadoghị nkwekọrịta United Nations na iwu Oké Osimiri.

Ihe ndị dị oké mkpa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Nke a bụ ndepụta nke ebe ndị dị oke mkpa na Rwanda, ebe ndị dị n'ebe ugwu, ndịda, ọwụwa anyanwụ ma ọ bụ ọdịda anyanwụ karịa ebe ọ bụla ọzọ.

  • Ebe kachasị n'ebe ugwu - ebe a na-akpọghị aha n'ókè ya na Uganda ozugbo n'ebeebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ nke obodo Kagitumba, mpaghara Ọwụwa Anyanwụ
  • Ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ - ebe a na-akpọghị aha n'ókè ya na Tanzania na osimiri Kagera, mpaghara Ọwụwa Anyanwụ
  • Ebe ndịda - ebe a na-akpọghị aha n'ókè ya na Burundi, Southern province
  • Ebe kachasị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ - ebe a na-akpọghị aha n'ókè ya na Democratic Republic of the Congo n'osimiri Ruzizi ozugbo n'ebe ndịda obodo DRC nke Bukavu, mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ

Hụkwa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  • Ndepụta ọdọ mmiri dị na Rwanda

Ndemsibia[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  1. ↑ Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Rank Order – Area. The World Factbook. Archived from the original on June 13, 2007. Retrieved on 2012-02-16.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2012). Rwanda. The World Factbook. Retrieved on 2012-04-02.
  3. ↑ Richards. "Rwanda: Question Time: How could it happen?: Rebellion, slaughter, exodus, cholera: the catastrophe in Rwanda is beyond our worst imaginings. Who is to blame? Who are the Hutus and Tutsis? Can peace ever be restored? Some answers ...", The Independent, 1994-07-24. Retrieved on 2012-02-16.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Department of State (2012). Background Note: Rwanda. Background Notes. Retrieved on 2012-02-16.
  5. ↑ Encyclopædia Britannica (2010). Rwanda. Retrieved on 2012-02-16.
  6. ↑ Nile Basin Initiative (2010). Nile Basin Countries. Archived from the original on 2012-03-14. Retrieved on 2012-02-16.
  7. ↑ BBC News. "Team reaches Nile's 'true source'", 2006-03-31. Retrieved on 2012-02-16.
  8. ↑ Jørgensen (2005). Lake and reservoir management. Amsterdam: Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-444-51678-7. 
  9. ↑ Briggs (2006). Rwanda – The Bradt Travel Guide, 3rd, London: Bradt Travel Guides. ISBN 978-1-84162-180-7. 
  10. ↑ Global Nature Fund. Lake Ihema. Archived from the original on 2014-01-07. Retrieved on 2012-02-29.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) (2001). Terrestrial Ecoregions: Albertine Rift montane forests (AT0101). Archived from the original on 2004-12-22. Retrieved on 2012-02-16.
  12. ↑ Mehta (2005). Virunga Massif Sustainable Tourism Development Plan. International Gorilla Conservation Programme (IGCP). Archived from the original on 2014-03-04. Retrieved on 2012-02-16.
  13. ↑ Munyakazi (2005). Atlas of Rwanda (in fr). Oxford: Macmillan Education. ISBN 0-333-95451-3. 
  14. ↑ Munyakazi (2005). Atlas of Rwanda (in fr). Oxford: Macmillan Education. ISBN 0-333-95451-3. 
  15. ↑ BBC Weather. "Kigali", BBC News. Retrieved on 2012-02-16.
  16. ↑ Best Country Reports (2007). Temperature Map of Rwanda. World Trade Press. Archived from the original on 2012-03-10. Retrieved on 2012-02-16.
  17. ↑ King (2007). Rwanda (Cultures of the World). New York, N.Y.: Benchmark Books. ISBN 978-0-7614-2333-1. 
  18. ↑ Adekunle (2007). Culture and customs of Rwanda. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-33177-0. 
  19. ↑ EAFRICA (February 18, 2018). Climate Impacts and Vulnerability. Archived from the original on February 26, 2023.

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