Ọzara Obodo
Ọzara obodo na-ezo aka na oghere ahịhịa ndụ na-abụghị nke a na-ahụ anya n'ime obodo ndị dị anya site na mpaghara ndị mepere emepe ka enweghị ike idebanye aha ọrụ mmadụ.[1] E gosipụtara na mpaghara ọzara dị n'ime obodo na-emetụta nghọta ọha na eze banyere ọzara na okike, na-eme ka nke a bụrụ ihe dị mkpa maka atụmatụ obodo n'ọdịnihu.[2]
Nchịkọta
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ihe ndị dị mkpa nke ọzara obodo nke na-eme ka ọ dị iche na oghere ahịhịa ndị ọzọ dị n'obodo ukwu:
- Ọ na-agụnye oghere ahịhịa ndụ nke dị anya site na obodo ukwu ka a ghara ịhụ omume mmadụ.
- Na-akwado ụdị dị iche iche nke ihe ndị dị ndụ - Mgbalị ndị dị n'ọzara n'obodo ukwu na-achọ ịkwalite / imeziwanye ụdị dị ichelekana nke mpaghara site na atụmatụ nlekọta nke ọma.[1]
- Nnukwu njikwa onwe onye - ahịhịa nwere ike ịdị ndụ na obere mgbochi ma ọ bụ njikwa site n'aka ụmụ mmadụ.[3]
E guzobere mpaghara ọzara dị iche iche n'ụwa niile. Ihe atụ gụnyere Knoxville Urban Wilderness na Knoxville, TN, Purgatory Creek Natural Area na San Marcos, TX, Danube-Auen National Park na Vienna na Lower Austria, Turkey Mountain Urban Wilderderness Area na Tulsa, na Milwaukee River Greenway na Milwaikee, WI.[1][2][4]
Akụkọ ihe mere eme
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Na narị afọ nke iri na itoolu na nke iri abụọ, e mere ka obodo ukwu mepụta obodo. Jacob Riis na ndị ọzọ na-eme mgbanwe lụrụ ọgụ maka ogige ntụrụndụ n'obodo ukwu.[5]
Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ obodo nwere omenala nke osisi ndị dị n'obodo ukwu, dị ka elu ụlọ nke Mexico City, omenala ndị a apụtaghị ọzọ n'ụzọ ka ukwuu n'ụwa mepere emepe ruo mgbe e mepụtara ogige ntụrụndụ, dị ka nke Calvert Vaux[6] na Frederick Law Olmsted.[7]
N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, ìgwè ndị dị ka squatters na Reclaim The Streets emeela ka a kụọ osisi ndị agha, rụọ ọrụ n'ime na n'ụlọ ndị a gbahapụrụ agbahapụ, ma gbawaa oghere n'okporo ụzọ awara awara iji jupụta n'ala na okooko osisi. Omume ndị a emeela nke ọma n'ịmepụta mpaghara ọhụrụ a kụrụ n'ebe ndị na-enweghị akụ na ụba dị ka obodo ukwu dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Germany, ebe a tụgharịrị ụlọ ndị a gbahapụrụ agbahapụ n'ọnọdụ dị ka ọhịa.[8]
Hụkwa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Hundertwasserhaus
- Elu ụlọ na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ
- Mgbidi na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ
- Ọhịa n'obodo
- Mgbasa ozi n'obodo
- Ọrụ ugbo n'obodo ukwu
- Ala ahịhịa dị n'obodo
Ihe odide
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Zefferman (2018-01-01). "Knoxville’s urban wilderness: Moving toward sustainable multifunctional management" (in en). Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 29: 357–366. DOI:10.1016/j.ufug.2017.09.002. ISSN 1618-8667. Zefferman, Emily P.; McKinney, Michael L.; Cianciolo, Thomas; Fritz, Bridgette I. (2018-01-01). "Knoxville's urban wilderness: Moving toward sustainable multifunctional management". Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. Wild urban ecosystems: challenges and opportunities for urban development. 29: 357–366. doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2017.09.002. ISSN 1618-8667. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 2.0 2.1 Diemer. "Urban Wilderness in Central Europe: Rewilding at the Urban Fringe". International Journal of Wilderness 9 (3): 7-11. Diemer, Mathias; Held, Martin; Hofmeister, Sabine (December 2003). "Urban Wilderness in Central Europe: Rewilding at the Urban Fringe". International Journal of Wilderness. 9 (3): 7–11. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":1" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named:2 - ↑ Milwaukee River Greenway (en-US). River Revitalization Foundation. Retrieved on 2023-05-16.
- ↑ Jacob Riis: The Photographer Who Showed "How the Other Half Lives" in 1890s NYC (en). My Modern Met (2020-07-22). Retrieved on 2021-09-14.
- ↑ Calvert Vaux Park Highlights - Calvert Vaux Park : NYC Parks. www.nycgovparks.org. Retrieved on 2021-09-14.
- ↑ Brookline. Frederick Law Olmsted National Historic Site (U.S. National Park Service) (en). www.nps.gov. Retrieved on 2021-09-14.
- ↑ Urban Wilderness (de). Städte wagen Wildnis. Retrieved on 2021-09-14.