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Ụlọ ọrụ ọla nchara nke Lower Niger

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Lower Niger Bronze Industries

"Lower Niger Bronze Industry" bụ n'ezie a na-ejide-niile okwu [1] na-ezo aka ma ọ bụla " Bronze " (n'ezie, ọla kọpa alloy ) ọrụ a na-emepụta na Lower Niger, [2] ma ọ bụ, na-emekarị, ọ bụla "Bronze". "ọrụ emepụtara na Lower Niger bụ nke enweghị ike ịsị ozugbo n'ọdịnala ama ama nke Benin na Yoruba (karịsịa Ife ) metallurgy. Ọrụ ndị a, ndị a na-akpọ na ederede ndị na-adịbeghị anya dị ka LNBs, dị nnọọ iche na nke a kpọtụrụ aha na mbụ na ụdị na mmepụta, ma dịkwa iche iche n'ime; ha enweghi otu omenaala: "Mgbe okwu omnibus a ka dị na anyị, ọ dịghị onye ga-aga n'ihu na-ekpokọta bronze Tada-Jebba na ndị e gwupụtara n'Igbo -Ukwu, ọbụna dị ka sub-styles. Ndị a na ndị ọzọ na-oge oge. na-egosipụta omenala dị iche iche taa ọbụna ịchọ otu ụlọ ọrụ bronzecasts agbasawanyela ka akwadoro ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ nwere onwe. [3] Dị ka nke a, mmadụ nwere ike ịtụle "Ụlọ ọrụ Bronze dị ala" ka ọ pụtara n'ezie ọrụ Bronze nke a na-ekenyebeghị na omenala ndị sara mbara, ma ọ bụ omenala / okwu ndị na-akwado ya (maka ugbu a) aghọtachaghị nke ọma - ndị ọkà mmụta dị iche iche ekwenyeghịkwa. na nke iberibe kwesịrị inye nkewa. Agbanyeghị, ọ bụ ezie na amachaghị banyere ha, naanị ịdị adị ha na-egosi na ọrụ Bronze na-agbasa na Nigeria karịa ka a na-amabubu ya. [4]

Akụkọ ihe mere eme

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Okwu a bụ "Lower Niger Bronze Industry" bụ William Fagg chepụtara na 1963 Nigerian Images, iji kọwaa otu ihe ọ hụburu: ọtụtụ ọrụ ọla kọpa a chọtara na Southern Nigeria adabaghị na mgbakọ nka nke Benin a ma ama, Ife, na Omenala Igbo-Ukwu. [5] Dị ka Peek, 2020 si kwuo, Fagg chịkọtara ndị a ọnụ mgbe ọ na-eche "otu 'ụlọ ọrụ' ma ọ bụ omenala omenala na-ahụ maka ihe nkedo ndị a", eleghị anya na mpaghara Idah na nke a na-akpọ Igala ; na-eso nke a ụdị nke ihe omume, iberibe ga-emecha ejedebe na Benin City, site na nke a na-emecha wepụrụ ha n'oge Benin njem . Otú ọ dị, dị ka e nwere ole na ole mara iberibe nke a dị iche iche "Lower Niger omenala" n'oge ahụ, ịdị adị ya dị ka a zuru ebe nile onu (ma ọ bụ, n'ezie, ma ọlị) ụfọdụ na-enwe obi abụọ: "M ka na-ahụ ihe àmà ọ bụla ... ma ọ bụrụ na ndị a na-ewere okwu gbasara osimiri Niger dum ọ bụghị naanị Nigeria," Murray dere n'akwụkwọ ozi nzuzo. [6] [7]

Iberibe ihe atụ

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Ihe ndị ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ihe na mpaghara Niger Bronze dị iche iche dị iche iche; Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Britain naanị nwere ọtụtụ anklets, armlets, mgbịrịgba, ọnụ ọgụgụ, na manillas nke e sitere na mgbagwoju anya.

  • Male Warrior Figure, currently kept in MET.
    mbụ dike nwoke, nke edobere ugbu a na MET.
  • Bell with face design, currently kept in MET.
    Bell nwere imewe ihu, nke edobere ugbu a na MET.
  • Pendant depicting multiple figures, currently kept in MET.
    Pendant na- nọmba ọtụtụ ọnụọgụ, nke edobere ugbu a na MET.
  • Altar Ring, currently kept in MET.
    Mgbanaka Altar, nke edobere ugbu a na MET.

Nnyocha Ọdịnihu

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Otu n'ime ọtụtụ nsogbu Peek kwuru na mbipụta ya n'afọ 2020 bụ ihe isi ike nke ịchọta ebe LNB si malite: "Ihe ọla ndị a na-adịghị emebi emebi dị ntakịrị na mkpanaka na-enweghị oke na nkesa anụ ahụ", nke nwere nsogbu n'ihi na "mmegharị... nke ukwuu n'oge gara aga n'agbanyeghị oke oke ọhịa." [8] Otú ọ dị, nke a n'ụzọ ụfọdụ bụ ngọzi n'ọdịdị. Ịghọta ọrụ nka ndị a, bụ nke bu ụzọ nhazi nke agbụrụ dị ugbu a na Naijiria, nwere ike dị oke mkpa maka nyocha banyere mpụta nke agbụrụ agbụrụ Nigeria n'oge a. [9]

Hụkwa

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  • Ọkpụkpụ ọla
  • Benin Bronz
  • Ụlọikpe Benin na nka emume
  • Igbo Ukwu
  • Ndi Yoruba nka
  • Nkà Afrika
  • Nkà plastik
  • Nkà na ọla na ọla
  • Ọkpụkpụ

Edensibia

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  1. ↑ Herbert, 1984. Red Gold of Africa: Copper in Precolonial History and Culture. P. 92.
  2. ↑ Herbert, 1984. P.92
  3. ↑ Peek (1980). "Isoko Bronzes and the Lower Niger Bronze Industries". African Arts 13 (4): 60–88. DOI:10.2307/3335786. 
  4. ↑ Figure: Male Warrior. Metmuseum.org. MET Museum Publications.
  5. ↑ Peek, 2020. The Lower Niger Bronzes.
  6. ↑ Peek, 2020. The Lower Niger Bronzes.
  7. ↑ Mc Call (1975). "Benin Bronze Heads: Styles and Chronology", African Images Essays in African Iconology. Boston: Boston University. 
  8. ↑ Peek, 2020.
  9. ↑ Peek, 2020. The Lower Niger Bronzes.
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