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Ụmụ nwanyị nọ na Mgbidi

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Ụmụ nwanyị nọ na Mgbidi

Women on Walls ( Arabic : ست الحيطة Sitt el-Heita ) bụ ọrụ nka ọha na eze na Egypt nke ezubere iji nye ụmụ nwanyị ike site na iji nka n'okporo ámá, site n'ịgba ume ngosi nke ụmụ nwanyị Egypt siri ike na nka n'okporo ámá na inye ụmụ nwanyị na-ese ihe n'okporo ámá ike. sonye na oghere ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke graffiti. N'ịwulite na ewu ewu nke nka n'okporo ámá dị ka ụdị okwu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'oge mgbanwe January 25, ebumnuche nke ọrụ a bụ ịbawanye mmata banyere ihe gbasara ụmụ nwanyị site n'iwebata ụmụ nwanyị na mbara ọha. [1] Ọ bụ Mia Gröndahl, onye na-ese ihe na-ese ihe n'okporo ụzọ Sweden, na Angie Balata, onye na-ese ihe Egypt, na Disemba 2012 site na ego sitere na Danish Center for Culture and Development, wee malite ya na mmemme ọnwa ga-ewe n'oge opupu ihe ubi. nke 2013 na Cairo, Luxor, Alexandria, na Mansoura nke gụnyere oge eserese, nkuzi, na nkuzi gbasara isiokwu sitere na nka ruo ihe gbasara ụmụ nwanyị n'ozuzu ya. [2] Ọrụ ahụ mere mkpọsa nke abụọ ya na February 2014. [3]

Nzụlite akụkọ ihe mere eme[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ihe odide ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Arab Spring[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Kwụsị n'Iwu ndị agha (ihe osise eserese)

N'oge mgbanwe mgbanwe nke Arab Spring, na n'ime afọ ndị na-eduga ha, a na-ejikarị ihe osise eme ihe dị ka ụdị mkpesa ọha na eze. Nkà n'okporo ámá bụ ụzọ dị irè isi gbasaa ozi nnupụisi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ebe ọ bụ n'ihu ọha. Ọzọkwa, ebe ọ bụ na ndị isi Arab na-achị ọchịchị wụsara nnukwu akụ na ụba n'ime ọrụ ịchọ mma ọha na eze iji gosipụta ikike zuru oke nke ọha na eze, nka okporo ámá bụ ụzọ ndị mmadụ ga-esi nwetaghachi oghere ọha ahụ. [4] N'ime oge Arab Spring, nka okporo ámá ghọrọ ụdị ngagharị iwe a ma ama n'ọtụtụ mba Arab, gụnyere Egypt, Tunisia, Libya, na Syria. [5] Ihe atụ mbụ nke mweghachi nke oghere ọha bụ graffiti e sere n'oge intifada nke Palestine n'oge ngwụcha 1980s. Ọ bụ ezie na mmachi steeti Israel gbochiri mmepụta nke ọtụtụ nka ngagharị iwe ndị Palestine, ndị Palestine nwere ike ịde ihe osise iji gbasaa ozi ha na-akwụsịghị site na steeti ahụ. Ọzọkwa, amaghị aha nke ụdị nka mere ka ọ bụrụ ihe ndabere maka mmụọ mkpokọta nke ndị Palestine. [6]

N'Ijipt, nkà n'okporo ámá abụghị ihe zuru ebe nile tupu January 25, 2011, ma ọ ghọrọ ngwa ngwa otu n'ime ngwá ọrụ kachasị ike nke mgbanwe ahụ. [7] N'ụbọchị mbụ nke mgbanwe mgbanwe ahụ, a na-ejikarị nka okporo ámá emo Hosni Mubarak, bụ onye isi ala mgbe ahụ. [8] Otú ọ dị, ihe odide ndị Ijipt gbasapụrụ ngwa ngwa n'ọtụtụ oghere, ndị na-ajụ ase, na ụdị. Ụdị graffiti mgbanwe ndị a ma ama gụnyere satire ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ndị isi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ndị agha na-akwa emo, [9] ihe osise na-egosi isiokwu pharon na nke Akwụkwọ Nsọ, [10] mkpado maka mmegharị mmekọrịta ọha na eze na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dịka April 6 Youth Movement na Ultras, [11] [12] na ihe osise ndị nwụrụ anwụ. [13] Ụdị ihe oyiyi ndị a dị iche iche bụ iji katọọ usoro ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, kpalie iwe, jikọọ ndị Ijipt na oge gara aga, ma kpalie ịdị n'otu maka mmegharị mgbanwe.

Ihe odide ụmụ nwanyị[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

N'agbanyeghị nnukwu mmụba nke akwụkwọ mkpesa n'oge mgbanwe January 25, ọ nọgidere bụrụ oghere ụmụ nwoke, ebe ụmụ nwoke na-achị obodo ndị na-ese ihe n'okporo ámá na obere iberibe na-egosi ụmụ nwanyị. [14] Iji gbochie nke a, mmegharị dị ka ọrụ Graffiti Harimi (onye bu ụzọ nke ụmụ nwanyị na mgbidi) chọrọ ime ka ụmụ nwanyị na-ahụ anya na mbara ọha site n'ịbawanye ọnụ ọgụgụ ụmụ nwanyị na graffiti, n'ebumnobi nke igosi na ụmụ nwanyị bụ ndị mmekọ kwesịrị ekwesị. na mgbanwe. Nkà n'okporo ámá nwanyị na-ejekwa ozi maka ịgbasa nkwupụta ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị megide mmetọ a na-eme ụmụ nwanyị. Otu onye n'oge na-adịbeghị anya gọnarịrị ihe ngosi ihe odide ụmụ nwanyị nke ụmụ nwanyị nọ na mgbidi na-akwado bụ Laila Ajjawi, bụ onye nwetara akwụkwọ akụkọ mba ụwa [15] maka ọrụ ya na UNRWA -agba ọsọ ogige ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ Palestine na mpụga Irbid, Jordan. [7] : 133 

Ihe oru ngo a[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ihe osise na-emegide mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị n'etiti ọwụwa anyanwụ

Ozi[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

N'agbanyeghị eziokwu ahụ bụ na ụmụ nwanyị bụ ndị ndu mbụ na mgbanwe mgbanwe nke Jenụwarị 25, n'ime ọnwa nke mgbanwe mbụ a malitere ịhapụ ụmụ nwanyị na oghere ngagharị iwe na usoro ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na ime ihe ike megide ụmụ nwanyị mụbara na oghere mgbanwe dị ka Tahrir Square. [16] Mmepe a, tinyere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke mwakpo mmekọahụ n'Ijipt [14] na stereotype na-enwekarị na ụmụ nwanyị enweghị ike dị ka ụmụ nwoke, [7] : 133 kpaliri oru ngo Women on Walls. Ọrụ a na-achọ ịkụziri ọha na eze ọnọdụ ụmụ nwanyị na ịkwalite ikike ụmụ nwanyị site na usoro nka okporo ụzọ. Site na ibe Facebook nke oru ngo: "Anyị na-eji nkà na-atụle otu n'ime isiokwu kachasị mkpa na Egypt, ikike ụmụ nwanyị, na nke gụnyere ọtụtụ okwu dị iche iche, gụnyere ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ọha mmadụ, akụ na ụba na omenala." [17]

Ndị nduzi[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Mia Gröndahl[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Mia Gröndahl bụ onye odeakụkọ Sweden na onye na-ese ihe n'okporo ụzọ bi na Egypt kemgbe 1996. O bu ụzọ nwee mmasị na graffiti mgbe o biri na Gaza tupu ọ kwaga Ijipt. Mgbe mgbanwe mgbanwe nke Jenụwarị 25 gachara, ọ nọrọ ihe karịrị otu afọ na ọkara na-edekọ nka n'okporo ụzọ mgbanwe n'obodo ndị Egypt maka akwụkwọ ya Revolution Graffiti: Street Art of the New Egypt . Ọ bụ site na nchọcha ya maka akwụkwọ a ka e ji kpalie ya ịkwalite ihe odide ụmụ nwanyị; n'ime ihe osise 17,000 nke o dekọrọ n'okporo ámá, nanị 253 n'ime ha gụnyere ihe oyiyi ụmụ nwanyị. N'ime mkpali ya ịmalite ọrụ a, o kwuru, "Echere m na ọ dị mkpa ịkwado ndị na-ese ihe nkiri, na ọ dị mkpa nke ukwuu iji dozie nsogbu ụmụ nwanyị. Egypt bụ otu n'ime obodo kacha njọ ma a bịa n'ihe gbasara ikike ụmụ nwanyị. '' [3] Ọrụ ya e bipụtara gụnyere Revolution Graffiti, In Hope and Despair: Life in Palestine Refugee Camps (2003), Gaza Graffiti: Messages of Love and Politics (2009), na Tahrir Square: The Heart of Egypt Revolution (2009). 2011). [18]

Mbipụta mbụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Emere mkpọsa nke izizi ụmụ nwanyị na mgbidi n'April 2013, yana ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị nka 40 na-esonye, na obodo Cairo, Alexandria, Luxor, na Mansoura. [1] Obodo ọ bụla nwere mgbasa ozi dị iche iche nke ndị na-ese ihe osise obodo a ma ama: Mira Shahadeh na Zeft duziri mkpọsa Cairo, Ammar Abo Bakr duuru mkpọsa Luxor, Mohamed Khaled na Ghadir Wagdy duziri mkpọsa Mansoura, yana Aya Tarek, Yazaan El Zo' bi, na Mohaned Nor duziri mkpọsa Alexandria. E kewara mkpọsa ahụ ụzọ abụọ. Akụkụ nke mbụ wetara ndị na-ese ihe n'okporo ámá n'obodo Anafora maka ọmụmụ ihe gbasara nwoke na nwanyị, ka ha mụta gbasara ihe gbasara nwoke na nwanyị ma rụọ ọrụ ka a ga-esi kparịta ihe ndị a n'okporo ámá. N'akụkụ nke abụọ, ndị na-ese ihe laghachiri n'obodo ha ka ha chepụta mpempe akwụkwọ na-egosipụta ihe ha mụtara na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. Na njedebe, ọrụ ahụ mere ememe mmechi maka nkwupụta ikpeazụ na nyocha nke ọrụ a rụchara. [18]

Ndị sonyere ama ama gụnyere:

  • Abo Bakr
  • Hanaa El Degham
  • Ahmed Abdallah
  • Ahmed Tony
  • Panda dị mwute
  • Mohamed El Moushir
  • Ndị agha Mona Lisa [2] [3]

Mbipụta nke abụọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Mgbasa ozi nke abụọ malitere site na February 8 ruo February 15, 2014, yana ndị nka 15 so. N'ihi obere ego, mkpọsa 2014 mere naanị na Cairo. Dị ka ọ dị na mkpọsa mbụ, ndị sonyere na-aga nzukọ ọmụmụ na ọmụmụ ihe na ndị na-ese ihe na ndị na-eme ihe gbasara nwanyị, gụnyere Cecilia Uddén, Carolina Falkholt, Radwa Fouda, Lamis Soleiman na Ismail Shawky, wee rụkọọ ọrụ na-ese ụmụ nwanyị n'ime ọha mmadụ. Na mgbakwunye, mkpọsa nke abụọ jikọrọ aka na otu dị ka nzukọ ụmụ nwanyị Egypt Nazra, na ọgbakọ mgbochi iyi egwu HarassMap iji wee kuziere ndị sonyere n'ihe gbasara ikike ụmụ nwanyị akọwapụtara Egypt. [2]

Ntụaka[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Barakat. "Women on walls", Al-Ahram, 6 March 2014. Retrieved on 25 April 2014.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 ElNabawi. "Bigger, Bolder, Brighter: The Women on Walls graffiti campaign", Mada Masr, 14 February 2014. Retrieved on 20 March 2014.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Bajec. Can Graffiti Remake Egypt?. The Daily Beast. Retrieved on 1 May 2014.
  4. ↑ Tripp (2013). "Art of the Uprisings in the Middle East". Brown Journal of World Affairs 19 (2): 1–2. 
  5. ↑ Demerdash (2012). "Consuming Revolution: Ethics, Art and Ambivalence in the Arab Spring". New Middle Eastern Studies 2. 
  6. ↑ Peteet (1996). "The Writing on the Walls: The Graffiti of the Intifada". Cultural Anthropology 11 (2). 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Grondahl (2012). Revolution Graffiti: Street Art of the New Egypt. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press. 
  8. ↑ Khatib (2013). "Street Art and the Egyptian Revolution". Mediterranean Yearbook. 
  9. ↑ Talon. "Cairo's superficial clean-up brings graffiti artists out in force", The Guardian, October 9, 2012.
  10. ↑ Abaza. "The Buraqs of Tahrir", Jadaliyya, May 27, 2012.
  11. ↑ Fathi. "6 April Youth Movement celebrate third anniversary", Ahram Online, April 7, 2011.
  12. ↑ Bilal. Egypt's 'Ultras' pitch in at Tahrir protest. Al Jazeera.
  13. ↑ Abaza. Mourning, Narratives and Interactions with the Martyrs through Cairo’s Graffiti. E-International Relations.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Wolf. Egypt's graffiti artists make their mark.
  15. ↑ This Woman Is Using Graffiti to Change the Way Her Country Thinks About Girls. Cosmopolitan (2015-12-14). Retrieved on 2016-03-31.
  16. ↑ Hafez (2012). "No longer a bargain: Women, masculinity, and the Egyptian uprising". American Ethnologist 39 (1): 37–42. DOI:10.1111/j.1548-1425.2011.01344.x. 
  17. ↑ ست الحيطة - Women on Walls.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 ElNabawi. "'Women on Walls' campaign empowers women via street art", Egypt Independent.
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