Ụmụ nwoke nke Africa
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Ụmụ nke Afrịka bụ otu ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri na asatọ na Britain nke mere mkpọsa iji kwụsị ịgba ohu n'Africa. A na-akpọ "òtù na-ede akwụkwọ" nzukọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ojii mbụ na Britain.[1] Ndị otu ya bụ ndị Afrịka gụrụ akwụkwọ na London, gụnyere ndị bụbu ndị ohu dịka Ottobah Cugoano, Olaudah Equiano na ndị ọzọ na-eduga ndị isi ojii nke London.[2]
Ọ nwere njikọ chiri anya na Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade, otu na-abụghị nke okpukpe nke e guzobere na 1787, nke ndị otu ya gụnyere Thomas Clarkson.
Akụkọ ihe mere eme[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Na Britain na ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri na asatọ, ìgwè ndị a haziri iji kwụsị ahịa ohu ma mechaa kpochapụ ịgba ohu. Ndị Quaker anọwo na-arụsi ọrụ ike. Otu ìgwè ọhụrụ bụ Sons of Africa, nke ndị Afrịka a tọhapụrụ n'ohu ma biri na London, dị ka Ottobah Cugoano na Olaudah Equiano. Ọtụtụ ndị gụrụ akwụkwọ ma jiri agụmakwụkwọ ha mee mkpesa maka ndị omeiwu n'okwu ndị a, yana ide akwụkwọ akụkọ na ikwu okwu na nkuzi. Ha jikọtara aka na Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade nke 1787, gụnyere ma Quakers na Anglicans, gụnyere Thomas Clarkson. Ụmụ Afrịka kpọrọ ya "enyi anyị na-adịgide adịgide ma na-emesapụ aka".[3]
Equiano mụtara banyere ikpe mkpuchi 1783 metụtara ogbugbu Zong ma kpọtụrụ onye abolitionist Granville Sharp, onye nyere aka mee ka ọha mara ikpe ahụ. Ìgwè ahụ nwere nzukọ ọha na eze iji kwuo maka ịgba ohu. Ha dere akwụkwọ ozi, dịka ọmụmaatụ nye onye omeiwu Sir William Dolben. Ha na-eziga akwụkwọ ozi na-emegide ịgba ohu na ịkọwapụta ọnọdụ nke Middle Passage na akwụkwọ akụkọ, iji nyere aka ịkpali arụmụka. N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe ya na ha na-ederịta akwụkwọ ozi na nleta iji hụ ka a na-etinye ụgbọ ohu, Dolben tụpụtara iwu ndị omeiwu iji melite ọnọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ohu. Iwu Ohu nke 1788 bụ iwu mbụ e mere iji chịkwaa ahia ohu, na-eguzobe ụkpụrụ nke ole ndị ohu nwere ike iburu n'ihe gbasara ogo ụgbọ mmiri.[3]
Equiano duuru ndị nnọchi anya Sons gaa na Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu iji mee ka ndị omeiwu kweta ịkwụsị ahịa ohu gafere Atlantic. E nwetara nke a n'okpuru Iwu Azụmaahịa Ohu 1807, nke metụtara mpaghara niile ma e wezụga ndị dị na India, ebe ịgba ohu bụ akụkụ nke ọdịbendị India. Iwu ahụ gụnyere ndokwa maka Britain iji ndị agha mmiri mee ka iwu ahụ dị irè, ọ malitekwara igbochi ụgbọ mmiri ndị ohu iwu na-akwadoghị n'ụsọ oké osimiri Afrịka.[4] Ụmụ nke Afrịka gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ maka iwepụ ịgba ohu na ndị Britain na-achị.
Ndị otu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ndị otu Sons of Africa dịgasị iche, ọ gụnyere:[5]
- Olaudah Equiano
- Ottobah Cugoano (onye na-abịakarị aka dị ka John Stuart)
- George Mandeville
- William Stevens
- Joseph Almze
- Boughwa Gegansmel
- Jasper Goree
- James Bailey
- Thomas Oxford
- John Adams
- George Wallace
- John Christopher
- Thomas Jones
- Thomas Carlisle[1]
- Daniel Christopher[1]
Ihe odide[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Hanley (2019). Beyond slavery and abolition : Black British writing, c.1770–1830. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781108475655. OCLC 1051776973. Hanley, Ryan (2019). Beyond slavery and abolition : Black British writing, c.1770–1830. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781108475655. OCLC 1051776973. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Gerzina (1999). Black England: Life Before Emancipation. London: Allison and Busby.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Gerzina (1999), Black England, p. 173.
- ↑ Adi, Hakim, & Marika Sherwood (2003), Pan African History: Political Figures from Africa and the Diaspora Since 1787, Routledge.
- ↑ Gerzina, Gretchen. (1995). Black London : life before emancipation. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 191. ISBN 0813522595. OCLC 32854931.