APEC blue
APEC blue (Chinese: APEC蓝) na-ezo ákà na mbara igwe na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na Beijing n'ogè APEC China 2014 n'ihi mkpọsa mbelata ikuku nkè gọọmentị China duziri. N'ihi mgbanwe ya, ahịrịokwu ọhụrụ "APEC blue" na-ezo ákà n'ihe magburu onwé yá ma na-adịkwa obere.
Dị ka China Daily si kwuo, "APEC blue" bụ otu n'ime isi ókwù gburugburu ébé obibi nke Beijing màkà afọ 2014.[1]
Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ọnọdụ ikuku na China[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ọnọdụ dị ugbu a nke ikuku dị na China bụ ihe na-emetụta ya: Ihe na-erughị 1% nke obodo narị ise nke China eruola ọkwa ikuku nke Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa tụrụ aro ya. N'etiti obodo iri kachasị emetọ n'ụwa, China nwèrè asaa.
N'ọnwa Jenụwarị afọ 2013, ọ bụ naanị ụbọchị ise ka anwụrụ ọkụ na alụlụ na-ejighị. N'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2014, akara ikuku dị na Beijing ruru n'ókè kachasị elu nke narị anọ na iri asaa, karịa oke mmetọ nke narị atọ; ka ọ dị ugbu a, ọnọdụ ahụ dị njọ karịa na mpaghara Hebei dị nso, nke PM2.5 particles ya rịgooro n'elu micrograms narị ise kwà cubic meter n'ebe ugwu China ka mmetọ ikuku dị arọ kpuchie, na-amanye ndị ọchịchị China ka ha mee ka mmetoroma ya dị elu site na odo gaa na oroma, nke abụọ kachasị elu.
Ihe omuma:
| Ọkwa | Eziokwu | Ịdị nro | Ọ dịghị Ahụ Ike Maka Ìgwè Ndị Nwere Mmetụta | Enweghị ahụike | Ọ dịghị Ahụ Ike Dị Ndụ | Ihe Ndị Dị Iche Iche |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Air Quality Index (AQI) | 0-50 | 51-100 | 101-150 | 151-200 | 201-300 | 301-500 |
(Ihe a tụrụ aro ka WHO si kwuo bụ iri abụo na ise. PM2.5 particles na-abanye n'ime akpa ume ma a na-ewère ha dị ka ụdị mmetọ ikuku kachasị ize ndụ na ahụike mmadụ)
APEC[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
APEC bụ Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, nzukọ akụ na ụba mpaghara nkè e guzobere n'afọ 1989 iji kwado mmekọrịta na-arịwanye elu nke mpaghara Asia-Pa Pacific.[2]
E mere ndokwa ka a mee nzukọ APEC na Beijing n'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2014, obodo nkè anwụrụ ọkụ na alụlụ na-emetọ nke ukwuu. Ndị ọchịchị nọ na-agba ọsọ iji kpochapụ alụlụ na alụlụ na Beijing màkà APEC n'ime otu ọnwa.[3]
Usoro[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Mgbasa ozi nchịkwa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
N'ogè APEC n'afọ 2014, e mèrè usoro usoro siri ike zuru oke màkà ịchịkwa mmetọ ikuku.
Odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke Chinese Communist Party na Onye isi ala Xi Jinping, Ónyé isi ala Li Keqiang na Ónyé isi oche Zhang Gaoli bụ ndị na-ahụ màkà mkpọsa nhicha ahụ. Xi na Li na-enye usoro ntụziaka edere ede ka Zhang na-enyocha mkpọsa mgbochi anwụrụ ọkụ na ọgụ nke igbochi mmetọ ikuku. Na mgbakwunye, ndị isi narị puku anọ na iri atọ na anọ na Beijing na mpaghara na obodo ndị dị nso, gụnyere Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong, Henan na ime Mongolia, sonyere n'ọrụ nyocha ahụ.[4]
Akụkụ bụ isi nke usoro nchịkwa a na-etinye na mbelata ikuku. A manyere ihe dị ka ụlọ ọrụ puku iri na mpaghara ndị gbara Beijing gburugburu ịkwụsị mmepụta n'ogè APEC, na puku iri atọ na itoolu ọzọ na-agba ọsọ na ógè dị ala iji belata mmetọ. Ọzọkwa, a na-enyocha ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe 60,100 na ụlọ ọrụ 123,000 ndị ọzọ gụnyere ébé a na-ewu ụlọ na ọdụ mmanụ ụgbọala.[5]
Na Beijing, ihe dị ka nde ụgbọala 11.7 ka a machibidoro n'okporo ụzọ site na mmachibido iwu n'ụbọchị ndị ọzọ na ụgbọala ndị nwéré nọmba ikikere.[6]
Na mgbakwunye, na Beijing, e webatara ezumike ụbọchị isii na ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị, ụlọ ọrụ gọọmenti ime obodo na ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ.[7] N'ihi ya, azụmahịa ala, ndebanye aha alụmdi na nwunye, nnyefe nri, olili ozu na usoro nhọpụta ụlọ ọgwụ niile nwèrè mmetụta ma na-enye nsogbu n'ogè APEC.[8]
Nsonaazụ nke nchịkwa mmetọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ gosipụtara na njikwa ahụ nwetara nsonaazụ ụfọdụ. Dabere na data sitere na ụlọ ọrụ nlekota gburugburu ébé obibi nke Beijing, site na Nọvemba 1 ruo 12, njupụta nke PM2.5, PM10, SO2 na NO2 jiri 55%, 44%, 57% na 31% belata n'otu ógè ahụ n'afọ gara-aga; ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mmetọ dị iche iche nọ na ọkwa kachasị ala n'otu afọ ahụ n'ime afọ ise gara-aga.[9]
Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ikuku na-emetọ ikuku na Beijing n'ogè ụbọchị mbụ ruo ụbọchị iri na abuo n'ọnwa Nọvemba 2014
| PM2.5 | PM10 | SO2 | NO2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ | 43μg/m3 | 62μg/m3 | 8μg/m3 | 46μg/m3 |
Otú ọ dị, awa ole na ole tupu emume mmeghe nke nzukọ a, ikuku dị n'obodo a ka na-efe n'ọkwa ndị onye na-ahụ màkà ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya nke mba Amerịka na usoro nlekota ikuku nke Beijing weere dị ka "na-adịghị mmá". N'ihi ya, azụmahịa ala, ndebanye aha alụmdi na nwunye, nnyefe nri, olili ozu na usoro nhọpụta ụlọ ọgwụ niile nwèrè mmetụta ma na-enye nsogbu n'ogè APEC.
Nzaghachi[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi mba ọzọ gosipụtara ọnọdụ a na-enyo enyo màkà "APEC blue," na-ewère ya dị ka usoro "ịzọpụta ihu" nke ndị ọchịchị China ma nwee echiche a na-enwe obi abụọ banyere ọdịnihu ya na-adịgide adịgide. Young Professionals in Foreign Policy kwùrù na APEC blue "bụ akụkụ nke nrọ", n'ihi na "President Xi Jinping jiri nzukọ ahụ mee ihe dịka ihe ngosi iji gosipụta na mmepe akụ na ụba China bụ isi ihe maka mpaghara Asia-Pacific dum".[10] Na mgbakwunye, China Current kwukwara na njikwa igwe dị otú ahụ nwèrè ike ime ka a mara mmetọ ikuku site na mgbasa ozi mba ọzọ na mkpesa banyéré ịdị mma ikuku site na ndị na-eji Intanet eme ihe.[11]
N'ime China, Zhong Nanshan, ónyé nnọchi anya National People's Congress, kwuru na mgbalị jikọrọ aka na mba niile nwèrè ike belata oge iji dozie nsogbu anwụrụ ọkụ China ruo afọ iri kama afọ iri atọ nke ndị ọkachamara tụrụ aro.[12]
Mmetụta[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ndị ọrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ na-achịkwa nwèrè ike ịla ego n'iyi n'ihi na a manyere ha "izu ezumike" n'ụbọchị ọrụ nkịtị. "N'ihi na iwu na mmepụta kwụsịrị, ego na-efu," Liu Zhenyu, ónyé na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọ ọrụ ígwè na Tangshan, kwuru.[13] Ụfọdụ ndị ọrụ jiri ohere ahụ gaa njem, "Ọnụ ọgụgụ oku anyị natara na-ajụ ajụjụ banyéré njem mba ọzọ dị mkpirikpi jiri pasent iri ise rịa elu, dị ka Beijing Mytour International Travel Service si kwuo. Tụkwasị na nké a, "njem ụlọ na-achọkwa nnukwu ihe".[14]
Ihe ngwọta ndị nwere ike ime[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Atụmatụ ndị a tụrụ aro nké sitere na APEC blue gụnyere mmụba nke ụgbọ oloko iji belata ịdabere na ụgbọ ala na iji machibido barbecuing ná ọkụ ahịhịa, gbaa ume mgbanwe akụ na ụba gaa na mmanụ dị ọchá iji belata Mkpà nke coal ma gbanwee ngwaahịa mkpofu ka ọ bụrụ mmanụ site na itinye teknụzụ ọhụrụ.[15][16] N'ọchịchị gọọmentị, a ga-etinye nlekọta siri ike na itinye ntaramahụhụ n'ọrụ.
Edensibia[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- ↑ http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2014-12/24/content_19155697.htm/ 'APEC Blue' Tops Beijing Environmental Key Words for 2014
- ↑ About APEC APEC
- ↑ Authorities Rush to Clear Smog in Beijing for APEC Summit ejinsight Retrieved 27 Oct 2014
- ↑ How leaders and an army of staff turned Beijing’s grey into APEC blue. South China Morning Post. Retrieved 17 March 2015
- ↑ How did Beijing achieve "APEC blue"?. Bloomberg. Retrieved 17 March 2015
- ↑ ditto
- ↑ APEC blue: looking behind the blue sky. China Current. Retrieved 17 March 2015. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved on 17 March 2015.
- ↑ Daily life comes to stand-still in Beijing during APEC. BBC. Retrieved 17 March 2015.
- ↑ Going all out to guarantee air quality during APEC China 2014 by regional cooperation, multiple measures, and thorough arrangements. Ministry of Environmental Protection, the People' s Republic of China. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved on 17 March 2015.
- ↑ Bovee. APEC Blue and China's Hegemonic Dreams. Young Professionals in Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved on 23 March 2015.
- ↑ De Ven. "APEC Blue: Looking Behind the Blue Sky", China Current, 12 November 2014. Retrieved on 21 March 2015.
- ↑ Zheng. "Smog could be beaten in 10 years", China Daily, 6 March 2015. Retrieved on 23 March 2015.
- ↑ Magnier. "APEC Blue Has Chinese Factories Bleeding Red, Economists Say", China Real Time, 12 November 2014. Retrieved on 21 March 2015.
- ↑ Tang. "Thanks to APEC, Beijing gets another ‘Golden Week’", CNBC, 5 November 2014. Retrieved on 21 March 2015.
- ↑ [18]. Archived from the original on 2015-04-02. Retrieved on 2015-03-17.
- ↑ "How to Keep the 'APEC Blue'", Beijing Review, 28 November 2014. Retrieved on 23 March 2015.