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Abortion in the District of Columbia

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Isikwopụ afọ ime na District of Columbia bụ iwu n'oge niile nke ime ime. N'afọ 1971, na United States v. Vuitch, Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke United States kwadoro iwu na-ekwu na a na-ekwe ka ite ime n'ihi ihe gbasara ahụike, nke gụnyere "obi na ahụike". N'ihi ya, District of Columbia ghọrọ ebe ụmụ nwanyị na-achọ ite ime malite n'afọ ahụ.

Ọnụ ọgụgụ ụlọ ọgwụ ndị na-ewepụ afọ ime na District anọwo na-ebelata n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, site na iri na anọ na 1982 ruo iri na ise na 1992 ruo ise na 2014. N'afọ 2017, e nwere naanị otu ụlọ ọgwụ Planned Parenthood na distrikti na-enye ọrụ ite ime.E nwere 2,790 iwu kwadoro ite ime na District na 2014 na 1,424 na 2015. Gọọmentị ahụ bụ ebe obibi nke ikike ite ime na mmegide ikike ite ime.N'akụkụ na-akwado ikike ite ime, Catholics for Choice na EMILY's List dabeere n'ebe ahụ. N'akụkụ na-emegide ikike ite ime, March for Life na-ewere ọnọdụ kwa afọ na-ime mkpesa ma omume na iwu nke ite ime na ma ọ bụ gburugburu ncheta nke Roe v. Wade.

Akụkọ ihe mere eme

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

N'ihi ọdịdị nke iwu ha gbasara ite ime, New York City na District of Columbia ghọrọ ebe ụmụ nwanyị na 1971 na-achọ ite ime iwu kwadoro.[1] N'afọ 1980, District of Columbia nyere ego maka ụmụ nwanyị dara ogbenye na-achọ ite ime. Ego ndị a kpuchiri ihe dị ka 85% nke ụmụ nwanyị niile nọ na distrikti ahụ na-achọ ite ime. Enweghịzi ego gọọmentị etiti n'ihi Hyde Amendment.Ego obodo pụtara na n'agbanyeghị mbelata nke ite ime iwu kwadoro na steeti 39 ndị ọzọ na-enweghị ego obodo, District of Columbia hụrụ mmụba n'ọnụ ọgụgụ ite ime iwu.[1]

Akụkọ iwu

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A mara iwu na Washington, D.C., nke kwere ka ite ime iji chebe ndụ ma ọ bụ ahụ ike nke nwanyị ahụ, n'Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu na 1971 na United States v. Vuitch. Ụlọ ikpe ahụ kwadoro iwu ahụ, na-eche na "ahụike" pụtara "ọdịmma nke mmụọ na nke anụ ahụ", na-ekwe ka ite ime na Washington, D.C.[2]

Akụkọ ikpe

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Ikpe 1971 nke United States v. Vuitch metụtara otu nwanyị si District nke Columbia kpebiri na ite ime nwere ike izi ezi n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro maka ahụike uche nke nwanyị dị ime.[1][3]

Akụkọ ahụike

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Ọnụ ọgụgụ ụlọ ọgwụ ndị na-ewepụ afọ ime na District of Columbia site n'afọ

N'agbata afọ 1982 na 1992, ọnụ ọgụgụ ụlọ ọgwụ na-ete ime na steeti ahụ mụbara otu, site na iri na anọ na 1982 ruo iri na ise na 1992.[1] Na 1996, District nwere ụlọọgwụ ite ime iri na asatọ ma bụrụ otu n'ime naanị atọ nwetara ụlọọgwụ n'etiti 1992 na 1996.[2] N'afọ 2014, e nwere ụlọ ọgwụ ise na-ete ime na mpaghara.[3][4] Na 2017, e nwere otu ụlọọgwụ Planned Parenthood, nke nyere ọrụ ime ime, na mpaghara nwere ụmụ nwanyị 200,588 dị afọ 15–49.[4]

Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ

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N'ime oge n'etiti 1972 na 1974, Texas na District nke Columbia nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ ọnwụ ọnwụ na-akwadoghị iwu na-akwadoghị na United States na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọnwụ 62 na 21 n'otu nde mmadụ n'otu n'otu. Ọnwụ ndị dị na District nke Columbia na New York n'oge a gosipụtara na ọbụna n'ebe iwu kwadoro ite ime, ụmụ nwanyị na-eche ọnọdụ ndị na-eme ka ha nwee ike ime oge ụfọdụ, ndị na-abụghị ndị dibịa na-enyere aka ime ime. Enwere ihe dị iche iche maka nke a gụnyere enweghị agụmakwụkwọ, ịda ogbenye na enweghị ntụkwasị obi nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụike.[1] Na 1990, ụmụ nwanyị 93,000 nọ na mpaghara chere ihe ize ndụ nke ịtụrụ ime na-atụghị anya ya ihu.[2] Dabere na ọnụ ọgụgụ ụmụ nwanyị gbara afọ 15–44, na 2001, Idaho nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ kacha ala nke ime ime na 3 n'ime ụmụ nwanyị 1,000 ebe District nke Columbia nwere nke kachasị na 37 kwa 1,000.[3]. Na 2014, 70% nke ndị okenye kwuru na ntuli aka nke Pew Research Center na ite ime kwesịrị ịbụ iwu n'ihe niile ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ ikpe.[5]

Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ite ime a kọrọ, ọnụ ọgụgụ ite ime na mgbanwe pasentị site na mpaghara na steeti na 1992, 1995 na 1996 [6]
Nkewa nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ na steeti Ọnụ ọgụgụ Ọnụ ọgụgụ Mgbanwe pasent 1992-1996
1992 1995 1996 1992 1995 1996
Ndịda Atlantic 269,200 261,990 263,600 25.9 24.6 24.7 –5
Delaware 5,730 5,790 4,090 35.2 34.4 24.1 –32
Mpaghara nke Columbia 21,320 21,090 20,790 138.4 151.7 154.5 12
Florida 84,680 87,500 94,050 30 30 32 7
Georgia 39,680 36,940 37,320 24 21.2 21.1 –12
Maryland 31,260 30,520 31,310 26.4 25.6 26.3 0
North Carolina 36,180 34,600 33,550 22.4 21 20.2 –10
South Carolina 12,190 11,020 9,940 14.2 12.9 11.6 –19
Virginia 35,020 31,480 29,940 22.7 20 18.9 –16
West Virginia 3,140 3,050 2,610 7.7 7.6 6.6 –14
Ọnụ ọgụgụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ, na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ite ime a kọrọ, site na ịkọ ebe obibi na ihe omume na site na pasent nke ite ime nke ndị bi na steeti ọzọ nwetara, US CDC atụmatụ
Ebe Ebe obibi Ihe mere % nwetara site n'aka ndị bi na steeti Afọ Nkwupụta
Mba. Ọnụ ọgụgụ ^ Ọnụ ọgụgụ Mba. Ọnụ ọgụgụ ^ Ọnụ ọgụgụ
Mpaghara nke Columbia 1,407 7.9 148 2,790 15.7 293 55.6 2014 [7]
Mpaghara nke Columbia 1,424 7.9 149 1,267 7 132 - 2015 [8]
Mpaghara nke Columbia - - - - - - - 2016 [9]
^ ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ite ime maka otu puku ụmụ nwanyị dị afọ 15-44; ^^ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ite afọ ime maka otu narị ụmụ a mụrụ dị ndụ

Echiche na ọrụ ndị metụtara ikike ite ime

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Nzukọ

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E guzobere otu nzukọ nkwado a na-akpọ Catholics for Choice (CFC) na 1973 iji kwado nnweta nke ite ime, na-ekwu na ọnọdụ a kwekọrọ na ozizi Katọlik karịsịa na "isi nke akọ na uche" na mkpa ndị nkịtị dị n'ịkpụzi iwu ụka.[10]

E hiwere EMILY's List na District of Columbia na 1985.Otu n'ime ebumnuche ya bụ ịnwa ịkwado ụmụ nwanyị ndị ọzọ na-akwado ikike ite ime.[11]

Ihe omume

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N'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1984, CFC (nke bụ Catholics for a Free Choice) tinyere mgbasa ozi, nke ihe karịrị otu narị ndị Katọlik a ma ama, gụnyere ndị nọn, bịanyere aka na New York Times. Mgbasa ozi ahụ, nke a na-akpọ A Catholic Statement on Pluralism and Abortion na-agbagha nkwupụta nke ndị isi Chọọchị na ndị Katọlik niile na-emegide ikike ite ime, ma kwuo na "itinye afọ ime kpọmkwem ... nwere ike ịbụ nhọrọ omume ọma mgbe ụfọdụ". Holy See malitere usoro ịdọ aka ná ntị megide ụfọdụ n'ime ndị nọn bịanyere aka na nkwupụta ahụ, na-akpata esemokwu n'etiti ndị Katọlic na okwu ite ime nọgidere bụrụ akụkọ ruo ma ọ dịkarịa ala afọ abụọ na United States.[12]

Ngagharị iwe

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Kemgbe afọ 2017, e nweela ngagharị ụmụ nwanyị kwa afọ na Washington DC na Jenụwarị, ngwụsị izu nke ncheta Roe v. Wade. [13]

E mepụtara #StopTheBans na nzaghachi maka steeti 6 na-eme iwu na mbido 2019 nke ga-eme ka ọ bụrụ iwu machibido afọ ime kpamkpam. Ụmụ nwanyị chọrọ ime mkpesa n'ọrụ a ka ndị omeiwu steeti ndị ọzọ malitere ịtụle mmachibido iwu yiri nke ahụ dị ka akụkụ nke mmegharị iji gbalịa iwepu Roe v. Wade.[14]Ụmụ nwanyị si na Gọọmenti ahụ sonyere na ngagharị iwe na-akwado ikike ite ime dị ka akụkụ nke #StoptheBans movement na Mee 2019. [15] Nnukwu ngagharị iwe dị ka akụkụ nke #StopTheBans mere na Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke United States na Washington, D.C., na Mee 21. [14][15] Ndị bịara gụnyere Onye isi ala NARAL Ilyse Hogue na Onye isi ala Planned Parenthood Dr. Leana Wen. Ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị na-eyi ọbara ọbara, na-ezo aka na ụmụ nwanyị na Margaret Atwood's The Handmaid's Tale . [15]

Mgbe a kwaturu Roe v. Wade na June 24, 2022, ndị na-emegide ite ime na ndị na-akwado ikike ite ime gosipụtara n'èzí ụlọ ikpe kachasị elu.[16] Ka ọ na-erule n'ehihie, e nwere nnukwu ọnụnọ ndị uwe ojii gburugburu ụlọ ikpe kachasị elu na ụlọ Capitol, gụnyere ndị uwe ojii nwere ngwá agha ọgba aghara, na ụgbọala ndị uwe ojii na SUVs. Ndị uwe ojii gbochiri ọtụtụ okporo ámá.[17]

Na June 30, 2022, e jidere ihe karịrị ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe maka ikike ite ime 180 na Washington, D.C. mgbe ha nọdụrụ ala ma gbochie ụzọ dị nso n'Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu.[18]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Tyler (1983). "The public health implications of abortion". Annual Review of Public Health 4: 223–258. DOI:10.1146/annurev.pu.04.050183.001255. ISSN 0163-7525. PMID 6860439.  Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Abor DC" defined multiple times with different content
  2. ↑ Kliff. "CHARTS: How Roe v. Wade changed abortion rights", The Washington Post, January 22, 2013.
  3. ↑ Timeline of Important Reproductive Freedom Cases Decided by the Supreme Court (en). American Civil Liberties Union. Retrieved on 2019-05-25.
  4. ↑ "Here's Where Women Have Less Access to Planned Parenthood". Retrieved on 2019-05-23. (in en)
  5. ↑ Views about abortion by state.
  6. ↑ Abortion Incidence and Services in the United States, 1995-1996 (en). Guttmacher Institute (2005-06-15). Retrieved on 2019-06-02.
  7. ↑ Jatlaoui (2017). "Abortion Surveillance — United States, 2014" (in en-us). MMWR. Surveillance Summaries 66 (24): 1–48. DOI:10.15585/mmwr.ss6624a1. ISSN 1546-0738. PMID 29166366. 
  8. ↑ Jatlaoui (2018). "Abortion Surveillance — United States, 2015" (in en-us). MMWR. Surveillance Summaries 67 (13): 1–45. DOI:10.15585/mmwr.ss6713a1. ISSN 1546-0738. PMID 30462632. 
  9. ↑ Jatlaoui (2019). "Abortion Surveillance — United States, 2016" (in en-us). MMWR. Surveillance Summaries 68 (11): 1–41. DOI:10.15585/mmwr.ss6811a1. ISSN 1546-0738. PMID 31774741. 
  10. ↑ The Truth About Catholics and Abortion. Catholics for Choice. Archived from the original on 2012-03-14. Retrieved on 2019-05-27.
  11. ↑ Milligan (January 20, 2017). Stepping Through History, A timeline of women's rights from 1769 to the 2017 Women's March on Washington.. U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved on May 23, 2019.
  12. ↑ Dillon (1999). Catholic identity: balancing reason, faith, and power. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521639590. 
  13. ↑ Noor (January 22, 2023). Women's March draws thousands across US after Roe v Wade overturned. The Guardian. Retrieved on January 22, 2023.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Arnold (2019-05-21). How to Join the Nationwide Abortion-Ban Protest Today (en). The Cut. Retrieved on 2019-05-25.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 Bacon. Abortion rights supporters' voices thunder at #StopTheBans rallies across the nation (en). USA TODAY. Retrieved on 2019-05-25.
  16. ↑ "'I cannot believe we are here again': Protesters take to streets across US after Supreme Court overturns Roe", USA Today, June 25, 2022. Retrieved on February 4, 2024.
  17. ↑ "Protest Latest: More Justice Homes Targeted in Day Two of Crowds", Bloomberg, June 25, 2022. Retrieved on February 4, 2024.
  18. ↑ Daniels. "More than 180 arrested at abortion rights protest near Supreme Court", The Washington Post, June 30, 2022. Retrieved on July 1, 2022.
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