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Afrobeat

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Afrobeat (nke a makwaara dị ka Afrofunk [1]) bụ Ụdị egwu Naijiria, na-agwakọta mmetụta sitere na Naijiria (dị ka egwu Yoruba) na mmetụta funk, jazz, na mkpụrụ obi nke America.[2][3] Site n'ilekwasị anya na olu a na-abụ abụ, ụda dị mgbagwoju anya, na ụda, ụdị ahụ malitere na 1960s site n'aka onye na-egwu ọtụtụ ngwá egwu na onye ndú egwu Fela Kuti, onye mere ka ọ bụrụ ihe a ma ama n'ime na n'èzí Naijiria. N'oge ọ na-ewu ewu, a na-akpọ ya otu n'ime "ndị na-eme egwu kachasị ike na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na Africa".

Ihe dị iche na Afrobeat bụ Afrobeats, ngwakọta nke ụda sitere na West Africa na narị afọ nke 21. Nke a na-enwe mmetụta dịgasị iche iche ma bụrụ ngwakọta dị iche iche nke ụdị dị ka hip hop, house, jùjú, ndombolo, R&B, soca, na dancehall.[4][5][6][7][8] Ụdị abụọ ahụ, ọ bụ ezie na a na-ejikọkarị ha, abụghị otu.[5][9]

Seun Kuti during an Afrobeat performance
Seun Kuti n'oge egwu Afrobeat [7]

Akụkọ ihe mere eme

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Fela Kuti

Afrobeat malitere na Naịjirịa na ngwụcha afọ 1960 site n'aka Fela Anikulapo Kuti, (onye a mụrụ Olufela Olusegun Oludotun) onye, ya na onye na-akụ egwu Tony Allen, nwalere egwu dị iche iche nke oge ahụ. Afrobeat nwere mmetụta nke ụdị dị iche iche, dị ka highlife, fuji, na jùjú, [10] yana omenala olu Yoruba, rhythm, na ngwá egwu. [11] Na ngwụcha afọ 1950, Kuti hapụrụ Lagos iji mụọ na mba ofesi na London School of Music, ebe ọ na-amụta piano na percussion ma kpughee jazz.[12][13] Fela Kuti laghachiri Lagos wee kpọọ ngwakọta jazz dị elu, ọ bụ ezie na, enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma azụmahịa.

N'afọ 1969, Kuti na ndị otu ya gara njem na US wee zute nwanyị aha ya bụ Sandra Smith, onye na-agụ egwu na onye bụbu Black Panther. Sandra Smith (nke a maara ugbu a dị ka Sandra Izsadore ma ọ bụ Sandra Akanke Isidore) mere ka Kuti mata ọtụtụ ihe odide nke ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe dịka Martin Luther King Jr., Angela Davis, Jesse Jackson, na mmetụta ya kachasị ukwuu, Malcolm X.[5]

Dị ka Kuti nwere mmasị na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ndị Africa na America, Smith ga-eme ka ọ bụrụ ọrụ ya ịgwa Kuti banyere ihe ndị na-eme ugbu a; na nzaghachi, Kuti ga-ejupụta ya na omenala Africa. Ebe ọ bụ na Kuti nọrọ n'ụlọ Smith ma soro ya nọrọ ọtụtụ oge, ọ malitere ịtụle ụdị egwu ya. Ọ bụ mgbe ahụ ka Kuti ghọtara na ọ naghị akpọ egwu Afrịka. Site n'ụbọchị ahụ gaa n'ihu, Kuti gbanwere ụda ya na ozi dị n'azụ egwu ya.[14]

Mgbe ọ rutere Naijiria, Kuti gbanwekwara aha otu ya ka ọ bụrụ "Africa '70". Ụda ọhụrụ ahụ sitere na klọb o guzobere nke a na-akpọ Afrika Shrine. Ìgwè ahụ nọgidere na-ebi afọ ise na Afrika Shrine site na 1970 ruo 1975 mgbe Afrobeat nwere ọganihu n'etiti ndị ntorobịa Naijiria.[5] ọzọ nwere mmetụta Ray Stephen Oche [de], onye egwu Naijiria na-eme njem site na Paris, France, ya na ndị egwu Matumbo ya na 1970s.

A mụrụ aha ahụ n'ụzọ ụfọdụ site na mgbalị iji mee ka ọdịiche dị n'etiti egwu Fela Kuti na egwu mkpụrụ obi nke ndị America na-ese ihe dịka James Brown.[15]

Ndị juru n'ime egwu ya na Lagbaja bụ ihe nkwekọ na ukwe nke ala Nigeria, na-ewere ihe dị iche iche na ijikọta, na-emeziwanye, na imeziwanye ha.  Ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị mkpa maka Afrobeat, n'ihi Kuti na-eji nkatọ ọha mmadụ na-emepe ụzọ maka mgbanwe.  Enwere ike ịkọwa ozi ya dị ka esemokwu na esemokwu, nke metụtara ọnọdụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ọtụtụ mba Africa na 1970s, ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-emeso ikpe na-ezighị ezi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na nrụrụ agha agha mgbe ha na-agbake site na mgbanwe site na ọchịchị ndị ọchịchị na-achị onwe ha.  Ka ụdị ahụ gbasara na kọntinent Africa niile, ọtụtụ ndị egwu welitere ụdị ahụ.  A na-anụkarị ihe ndekọ nke egwu egwu ndị a na egwu ha ma ọ bụ bupụ ya na mpụga mba ndị mepere emepe mana enwere ike ịhụ ọtụtụ n'ime ọba akwụkwọ na CD sitere na ụlọ ahịa ndekọ aha ọkachamara.  [Ihe ndekọ achọrọ]

Mmetụta

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ọtụtụ ndị egwu jazz adọtala mmasị n'ụdị ísì ụtọ nke Afrobeat.  Site na Roy Ayers na 1970 ruo Randy Weston na 1990, enweela mmekorita nke rụpụtara na albums dị ka Africa: Center of the World nke Roy Ayers dere, nke e wepụtara na akara Polydore na 1981. Na 1994, Branford Marsalis, American jazz  onye saxophonist, gụnyere ihe atụ nke "anụ ọhịa nke mba mba" Fela na Buckshot LeFonque ya.  album.

Afrobeat enwewokwa mmetụta miri emi dị iche iche dị mkpa[dị ka onye si kwuo?] ndị na-emepụta ihe na ndị na-egwu egwu n'oge a, dị ka Brian Eno na David Byrne, ndị na-eto Fela Kuti dị ka mmetụta dị mkpa.[18]  Ha abụọ rụrụ ọrụ na ọba okwu 1980 enwetara nke ukwuu Remain in Light, nke wetara mmetụta Afrobeat polyrhythmic na egwu Western.  Ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke DJ na ndị na-egwu egwu nke 2000s bụ ndị hụrụ n'anya ma ihe Kuti na ihe ndị ọzọ na-adịghị ahụkebe emewo nchịkọta na remixes nke ndekọ ndị a, si otú a na-eweghachi ụdị ahụ n'ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke ndị na-ege ntị na ndị na-akwado afropop na groove.

N'ọgwụgwụ 1990s na mmalite 2000s, obere ihe nkiri Afrobeat malitere na Brooklyn, New York, na ọrụ gụnyere Antibalas, Daktaris na Kokolo Afrobeat Orchestra.  Kemgbe ahụ, ndị omenkà ndị ọzọ dị ka Zongo Junction abatala ebe a.  Ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ akpọtụla Afrobeat dị ka mmetụta, dị ka Daptone Records-n'akụkụ otu Budos Band na El Michels Affair.  Akụkụ mpi Antibalas abụrụla ndị egwu ọbịa na TV na album Redio nke 2008 ama ama nke ukwuu, Sayensị Sayensị, yana na ọba egwu Foals '2008 Antidotes nke Britain.  Ihe atụ ndị ọzọ bụ Val Veneto, Radio Bantu, Tam Tam Afrobeat, Combo Makabro, Marabunta Orquesta, Minga!, Antropofonica, Guanabana Afrobeat Orquesta, El Gran Capitan, Morbo y Mambo, Luka Afrobeat Orquesta ma ọ bụ NikiLauda.  Enwere ike ịhụ ụfọdụ mmetụta Afrobeat na egwu Vampire Weekend na Paul Simon.  Na 2020, a họpụtara Antibalas maka ihe nrite Grammy maka Album Egwu zuru ụwa ọnụ kacha mma.[19]

Ndị na-ese ihe Afrobeat nke afọ 2000 na nke ugbu a na-aga n'ihu na-agbaso nzọụkwụ nke Fela Kuti. Ụfọdụ ihe atụ nke ndị omenkà a bụ ụmụ ya Femi Kuti na Seun Kuti, [16] Franck Biyong & Massak (site na Cameroon), London Afrobeat Collective (site na London, UK), Segun Damisa & the Afro-beat Crusaders, Shaolin Afronauts (site na Adelaide, Australia), Newen Afrobeat (site na Santiago, Chile), Eddy Taylor & the Heartphones (site na Cologne, Germany), Hector Delecrew, Albinoid Afrobeat, Under Underbybybyby, Berlin, Orkism, Berlin (Stoptop, Afrobeat), Afrobeat; Afrobat, Afrobat (System, German), Afrobat; Afrobeat: West, Underbyby, Underby, Underbeat, German), German), Afrobe, Underbyat (Stop, Underby Underbyby), Afrobet, Underby; Afrobet; Afrobate, Underby At (System; Afrobot, German), Underbyby; Afrobe, German),[de]   Onye Namibia na-ese ihe EES (Eric Sell) jikọtara Afrobeat na reggae na Kwaito.

  1. ↑ Afropop Worldwide | Mark LeVine: Ghana's Afro-Funk History (en). Afropop Worldwide. Retrieved on 2024-05-10.
  2. ↑ Return to the shrine : Fela Kuti's legacy inspires an Afro-funk revival. d.lib.msu.edu. Retrieved on 2024-05-10.
  3. ↑ Staff (16 July 2021). Guide to Afrobeat Music: A Brief History of Afrobeat. Masterclass. Retrieved on 21 May 2022.
  4. ↑ Khamis (October 2019). 8 Afrobeats collaborations linking the UK with Africa. Red Bull. Archived from the original on 13 October 2019. Retrieved on 13 October 2019.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Scher (6 August 2015). Afrobeat(s): The Difference a Letter Makes (en). HuffPost. Archived from the original on 25 October 2019. Retrieved on 2019-07-27.Scher, Robin (6 August 2015). "Afrobeat(s): The Difference a Letter Makes". HuffPost. Archived from the original on 25 October 2019. Retrieved 27 July 2019. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":1" defined multiple times with different content
  6. ↑ Phillips. "WizKid Affiliate Mr Eazi's Journey From Tech Startup to Afrobeats Stardom", DJBooth. Retrieved on 2019-08-22. (in en)
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Khan (21 September 2017). A Conversation with the Queen of Afrobeats: Tiwa Savage (en). HuffPost. Retrieved on 2019-08-22.Khan, Ahmad (21 September 2017). "A Conversation with the Queen of Afrobeats: Tiwa Savage". HuffPost. Retrieved 22 August 2019. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":2" defined multiple times with different content
  8. ↑ Smith. "I'm with D'Banj", The Observer, 23 June 2012. Retrieved on 2019-08-24. (in en-GB)
  9. ↑ Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named The Fader 22
  10. ↑ Jumi (12 July 2024). Importants of Afrobeat music (en-US). Nigerian pickup. Retrieved on 2024-07-12.
  11. ↑ Dosunmu (2010). Afrobeat, Fela and beyond : scenes, style and ideology. OCLC 933924342. 
  12. ↑ Piano | Definition, History, Types, & Facts | Britannica (en). www.britannica.com (2023-10-05). Retrieved on 2023-10-11.
  13. ↑ Percussion | Therapy, Treatment & Diagnosis | Britannica (en). www.britannica.com. Retrieved on 2023-10-11.
  14. ↑ Stewart (2013). "Make It Funky: Fela Kuti, James Brown and the Invention of Afrobeat". American Studies 52 (4): 99–118. DOI:10.1353/ams.2013.0124. Retrieved on 23 October 2018. 
  15. ↑ Ghana News – Fela Kuti coined Afrobeat in Accra out of hate for James Brown – Prof John Collins. Archived from the original on 22 April 2016. Retrieved on 13 April 2016.
  16. ↑ "Den Geist des Vaters beschworen: Der Saxofonist Seun Kuti zeigt in Berlin, wie lebendig der Sound seines Vaters Fela Kuti, des Funk-Großmeisters aus Nigeria, bis heute ist", Die Tageszeitung, 1 July 2011. (in de)
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