Ahia itụ mgbere mmadụ na Steeti Edo

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Ahia itụ mgbere mmadụ na Steeti Edo
obere ụdị nkeazụmahịa mmadụ Dezie
mba/obodoNaijiria Dezie
Map nke Edo steeti na Naijiria

Naijiria bụ obodo a na-atụ mgbere ndị nne na ụmụaka, uzọ esi eme nke a gụnyere ịdụnye ha n'ọrụ ike, mmanye na ịgba akwụna. Ụmụnwanyi na ụmụaka Naijiria ndi nke atụrụ na mgbere si n'ime ime obodo - ụmụnwanyị na ụmụaka ndi nwanyi ka a na-emerụ ahụ ma kwasa ha iko n'ike, na ụmụ nwoke maka ọrụ mmanye n'ịre ahịa n'okporo ụzọ, ịgba ohu n'ụlọ, ngwuputa ihe, ịrịọ arịrịọ dgz [1]

A na-ebuga ụmụnwanyị na ụmụaka Naijiria site na Naijria gaa na mba ndị ọzọ dị n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ na Central Africa, karịsịa Gabon, Cameroon, Ghana, Chad, Benin, Togo, Niger, Burkina Faso, na Gambia, maka otu nzube ahụ. Ụmụntakịrị si steeti ọdịda anyanwụ Afrịka dị ka Benin, Togo na Ghana – ebe iwu Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) nyere iwu ka ọ dị mfe ịbanye – na-amanyekwa ịrụ ọrụ na Naijiria, ụfọdụ na-arụkwa ọrụ na-emebi ahụ ike na ogbunigwe granite nke Naijria. A na-akpọrọ ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ Naijiria na Europe, karịsịa na Italy na Rọshịa, na Middle East na North Africa, maka ịgba akwụna mmanye . [1]

Ọfịs Ngalaba Steeti US iji nyochaa na ịlụso ndị mmadụ ọgụ debere obodo ahụ na "Tier 2 Watchlist" na 2017. [2]

Ikpe[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Iwu 2003 Trafficking in Persons Law Enforcement and Administration Act, nke emegharịrị na 2005, ma mechaa degharịa ya na 2015 site n'aka Onye isi ala GoodLuck Jonathan ka ọ bawanye ntaramahụhụ maka ndị omempụ ahịa itụ mgbere mmadụ, na maka ịdị irè ka ukwuu machibido ụdị ịzụ ahịa mmadụ. Ntaramahụhụ nke iwu a nyere iwu nke nga afọ ise na / ma ọ bụ $670 maka ịzụ ahịa ọrụ, mkpọrọ afọ (iri) 10 maka ịzụ ahịa ụmụaka maka ịrịọ arịrịọ mmanye ma ọ bụ ịgba egwu, na afọ (iri)10 ruo mkpọrọ ndụ maka ịzụ ahịa mmekọahụ bụ nke siri ike ma kwekọọ na ntaramahụhụ enyere iw. maka mpụ ndị ọzọ dị njọ, dị ka idina mmadụ n'ike. [1]

Iwu ikike ụmụaka nke Naijiria nke afọ 2003 mebiekwara ahịa itụ mgbere ụmụaka, n'agbanyeghị na ọ bụ naanị steeti iri abụọ na atọ n'ime steeti iri atọ na isii dị na mba ahụ, gụnyere Federal Capital Territory, mebere ya iwu. Dịka iwu obodo Naịjirịa siri dị, iwu gbasara ikike ụmụaka dabara n'okpuru ọchịchị steeti; ya mere, iwu nke ikike ụmụaka ga-enwerịrị ndị ụlọ omebe iwu steeti n'otu n'otu ka e wee mejuputa ya nke ọma. NAPTIP kọrọ nyocha 149, ikpe 26, na ikpe 25 maka mpụ ịzụ ahịa n'oge akụkọ n'okpuru iwu 2003 Trafficking in Persons Act. Mkpebi ndị ahụ sitere na ọnwa abụọ ruo afọ iri, na nkezi nke mkpọrọ afọ 2.66; ọ bụ naanị mmadụ abụọ a mara ikpe ka e nyere nhọrọ nke ịkwụ nra kama ịnọ oge mkpọrọ. [1]

Tinyere ndị mmekọ mba ụwa, gọọmentị nyere ndị ọrụ ọzụzụ pụrụiche gbasara otu ha ga-esi amata, nyocha na ikpe ikpe gbasara ahịa itụ mgbere mmadụ. Ndị uwe ojii na ndị ọrụ mbata na ọpụpụ, gụnyere ndị na-arụ ọrụ n'ọdụ ụgbọ elu na oke, na-ebo ebubo na ha na-anara ihe iri ngo mgbe ụfọdụ iji leghara mpụ ịzụ ahịa anya. NAPTIP chụpụrụ mmadụ abụọ na-arụ ọrụ na ọrụ ọha bụ ndị a chọpụtara na ha tụpụrụ ego ndị ihe metụtara; e mere ka ha kwụghachi ego ahụ. [1]

N'afọ 2014, onyeisi ụlọ ọrụ National Agency for the Prohibition of Traffic in Persons (NAPTIP), Béatrice Jedy-Agba nwetara ihe nrite John Kerry na Washington DC iji mata ọrụ ọ na-edu megide ịzụ ahịa na Nigeria. N'ọnwa Maachị afọ 2017, a họpụtara Dame Julie Okah-Donli ka ọ bụrụ onye isi ụlọ ọrụ NAPTIP, ma o meela nnukwu ọganihu n'ọgụ a na-alụso ịzụ ahịa mmadụ na Naijiria. [3]

Ahịa itụ mgbere mmadụ n'aka ndị Naijiria na Italy[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Nigeria is a source as well as a transit point for human trafficking. As a densely populated nation, Nigeria has been tagged as the leading African countries in human trafficking with cross-border and internal trafficking. In 2016, out of the 181,000 migrants who arrived in Italy through the Mediterranean, Nigerians accounted for 21%.≤[4] Human trafficking is a way to exploit women and children for cheap labour and prostitution as an opportunity to help themselves out of poverty. Nigerian human trafficking occurs within the Nigerian borders, in neighboring countries, and in many European countries because they are able to ship women and children within a network for human trafficking to expand the market within this industry. Nigerian gangs have sent thousands of women into the sex markets within Italy, Spain, and the Netherlands.[5]

Ihe dị ka ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ Naijiria puku iri na otu (21,000) ka ebugara Italy kamgbe 2015 ebe pasenti iri asat (80%) nwere ike bụrụ ndị a na-ere ahịa mmadụ. [6] Dị ka akụkọ sitere na ọrụ Vie d'Uscita (Exit Routes), pasenti iri isii na anọ (64%) nke ụmụ agbọghọ atụrụ mgbere ahịa na Itali si Naijria ebe pasenti iri atọ na anọ (34%) si Albania, Balkans na Romania . [7] Ahịa itụ mgbere ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria na Ịtali malitere ime n'afọ 1980 n'ihi ọchịchọ a na-achọ ọrụ ndị nwere obere nkà na ọrụ ugbo. [8] Naijiria nwere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke akụ na ụba na ego na-akpata nnukwu enweghị ọrụ na ịda ogbenye yana omenala inye ndị na-eto eto site na ebe obibi dara ogbenye na ezinụlọ bara ọgaranya dị ka enyemaka ụlọ. Nke a emeela ka ahịa ịtụ mgbere mmadụ ka njọ. [9] A na-eme atụmatụ na ihe dị ka ndị Naijiria nde iri na ise (15) bi ná mba ofesi iji chọọ agụmakwụkwọ, ọrụ, na ndụ ka mma karịa na Naijria. [10] Ọnọdụ akụ na ụba siri ike nke mụbara enweghị ọrụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu, enweghị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, enweghị nchebe na oke ala bụ ihe na-eme ka nsogbu a dịkwuo elu na Naijria. [11] [12] [13] Ihe na-ewu ewu maka ịkwaga ụfọdụ, bụ iji nyere aka kpọpụta ezinụlọ ha n'oké ịda ogbenye site n'inweta ọrụ ná mba ọzọ na iziga ego n'ụlọ. Edeghị Naijiria n'etiti mba iri kacha daa ogbenye n'Africa nwere [14] otu onye GNP nke ihe dị ka ijeri $433.44 dị ka na Dec 2019. [15]

A na-alụso ahịa ịtụ mgbere mmadụ ọgụ na Naịjirịa site na mmemme ndị otu obodo hibere dị ka ngalaba Ọha Mmụta nke NAPTIP's nke ya na Devatop Centre for Africa Development na gọọmentị Itali na-arụkọ ọrụ na gọọmentị Naịjirịa iji belata ọganihu nke ahịa mgbere mmadụ na-eme na Ịtali. [16] [17] Ọ bụghị nanị na Ịtali nwere ndị ọrụ na-emechi ụlọ ịgba akwụna n'obodo ukwu, ma gọọmentị ewepụtala mmemme na ndị ọrụ na-elekọta mmadụ iji tinye ụmụ nwanyị n'ime ọha mmadụ ozugbo ha nwetara nnwere onwe ha. Ọtụtụ ndị Naijiria na-aga Ịtali bụ ndị na-agụghị akwụkwọ na-enweghị ahụmahụ nke ndụ obodo, ya mere ịchọta ebe ha ga-esi banye n'ime obodo Ịtali nwere ike isiri ndị Naijria ike n'enweghị nduzi ọ bụla. [18]

Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ahịa mgbere mmadụ ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ Naijiria maka mmegbu mmekọahụ na Ịtali mere emeere ya ihe nkiri, Oloture nke na-egosi ọnọdụ ọjọọ ndị a tara ahụhụ na-agafe ma na-atachi obi ruo Ịtali. A na-ahụkwa ihe nkiri a n'etiti ihe nkiri iri kachasị elu na Netflix ụbọchị ole na ole ka ewepụtara ya na 2019 ka ọ bụrụ nzọụkwụ maka ịkụziri ụmụ agbọghọ na ụmụ nwanyị ka ha ghọta eziokwu siri ike n'azụ nkwa nke 'ọrụ na Europe'. [19] [20]

Ọtụtụ ụmụnwaanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ a na-ebugara Itali si Edo steeti na ndịda Naịjirịa. [21] Ndị erere na mgbere ahia ejidere na-ajụkarị ikwupụta aha ndị rere ha na ndị erenyere ha n'ihi iyi ha ji ntutu isi, ṅbọ na mgbe ụfọdụ ọbara ṅụọ n'ihu ndị dibia na steeti Edo. [22] [23] Oba nke Benin bụ onye a ma ama dị ka onye isi mmụọ na Benin Kingdom, Edo State agbaala ndị na-enyere aka n' ịtụ ahịa mgbere ụmụ agbọghọ na ụmụ nwanyị Edo gaa Itali na ebe ndị ọzọ akwụkwa. Ọ mebikwara nkwekọrịta niile nke ndi atụrụ ahia mgbere. [24] [25] [26] Ihe a Oba nke Benin mere na-atụ anya na ọ ga-ebelata ahịa ịtụ mgbere mmadụ na-esi na Edo steeti nakwa na ọ ga-eme ka ndị mmadụ nwee obi ike ịkpọ ndị na-azụ ahịa na ndị ọrụ ha aha. [27] [28] [29]

Nchedo[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Naijiria gara n'ihu na mbọ ọ na-agba ichekwa ndị ahia mgbere mmadụ metụtara n'afọ 2009. Ndị uwe ojii, kọstọm, mbata na ọpụpụ, na ndị ọrụ NAPTIP na-ahazi usoro iji chọpụta ndị ọ metụtara n'etiti ndị nwere nnukwu ihe ize ndụ, dịka ụmụ agbọghọ ma ọ bụ ụmụ agbọghọ na-eso ndị na-abụghị ndị ezinụlọ ha na-eme njem. Ihe omuma nke NAPTIP wetara gosiputara nchikota nke ndi mmadu ruru otu puku na nari itolu (1,109) achoputara ma nyekwa aka n'otu n'ime ebe nchekwa NAPTIP di n'ogbe nile obodo n'oge akuko a; nari isii na iri abụọ na anọ (624) bụ ikpe azụmahịa maka mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị yana nari atọ na iri abụọ na asatọ (328) maka nrigbu ọrụ. Ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị dị iche iche zigara ndị na-azụ ahịa n'aka NAPTIP maka ebe nchekwa na ọrụ nchebe ndị ọzọ: mbata na ọpụpụ kwuru 465; ndị uwe ojii zoro aka 277; Ọrụ Ndị Ọrụ na-ezo aka 192; na State Security Service zoro aka itoolu. [1]

Ndị ọrụ ụlọ nyocha nyochara mkpa nke ndị ihe metụtara mgbe ha rutere wee nye nri, uwe, ebe obibi, ihe omume ntụrụndụ, na nkuzi gbasara nka dị iche iche, gụnyere ọzụzụ ọrụ; enyere naanị ndi ikpe ha kachasị njọ ndụmọdụ. Mgbe ha nọ n'ụlọ nchekwa NAPTIP, mmadụ iri asaa (70) ndị ihe metụtara nwetara enyemaka ọzụzụ aka ọrụ nke gọọmentị nyere. NAPTIP mere atụmatụ na ego gọọmentị mefuru n'afọ 2009 n'ihe owuwu ụlọ ya bụ $666,000. Iwu 2003 Trafficking in Persons Law Enforcement and Administration na-enye maka ọgwụgwọ, nchekwa, na omume enweghị ịkpa oke maka ndị ihe metụtara. Iwu ahụ kwuru na ọ nweghị onye na-ere ahịa nwere ike ijide ya maka mmebi iwu ọ bụla emere n'ihi ịzụ ahịa ya. [1]

N'ime oge a na-akọ akụkọ ahụ, gọọmentị mere ihe iji bugharịa ụlọ ndị ihe metụtara ebe dị anya site na ebe di ndị na-ere ahịa, nke belatara ohere ndị na-ere ahịa nwere ike inwe mmetụta na-ekwesịghị ekwesị n'ahụ ndị ha merụrụ ahụ. E kwere ka ndị ihe metụtara nọrọ n'ụlọ nchekwa gọọmentị ruo izu isii. Ọ bụrụ na achọrọ ogologo oge karịa, a na-akpọtụrụ ụlọ ọrụ ọha na eze ka ha kpọbatara onye ahụ. Ndị ọrụ gọọmentị gbara ndị ihe metụtara ume ka ha nyere aka na nyocha na ikpe ndị na-azụ ahịa, na ndị ihe metụtara bụ ndị akaebe na ikpe NAPTIP niile na-aga nke ọma. [1]

Ndị a na-emegbu nwere ike ịchọ nkwụghachi site na ikpe obodo megide ndị na-atụ ahịa mgbere mmadụ, ma ọ bụ na-azọrọ ego site na Ego Trust Fund nke ndị e guzobere na 2009 site na nke a na-ebufe akụ ndị e weghaara n'aka ndị na-azụ ahịa. Kọmitii Trust Fund bụ onye isi oche nke Mịnịsta na-ahụ maka ikpe ziri ezi ma na-ezukọ ugboro anọ kwa afọ. Gọọmentị nyere obere iwu ọzọ iji wepụ ndị mba ọzọ na mba ebe ha na-eche ihe isi ike ma ọ bụ ntaramahụhụ ihu - ebe obibi obere oge nke a na-apụghị ịgbatị.[1]

Mgbochi[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ngalaba Mmụta Ọha nke NAPTIP na-arụ ọrụ n'ime ime obodo Benue, Kogi na Edo steeti, NAPTIP (National Association of Traffic in persons) webatara mmemme nke grassroot wee mee asọmpi afọ mbụ ya megide ahịa itụ mgbere mmadụ n'Edo steeti nwere ndị ọgba ọsọ puku ise na 2009.

Ngalaba Mmụta Ọha nke NAPTIP esonyela Devatop Centre for Africa Development iji kụziere ihe karịrị ụmụ nwanyị 5000, ndị nọ n'afọ iri na ụma, ndị nkuzi na ndị ntorobịa otu esi egbochi ịzụ ahịa mmadụ. N'afọ 2015, ha kwadoro Devatop Centre for Africa Development iji mejuputa ọrụ nnwale: "The Academy for Prevention of Human Trafficking and Other Related Matters (TAPHOM)."[30] E bidoro ọrụ a iji zụlite ndị na-akwado ịzụ ahịa mmadụ bụ ndị ga-etinye aka n'ịlụso ịzụ ahịa mmadụ ọgụ na obodo na steeti ha dị iche iche.[30]

Ụmụ nwanyị ruru narị iri na abụọ 120, ndị ntorobịa, ndị nkuzi, ndị mmanye iwu, ndị ọrụ iwu, ndị ọkachamara mgbasa ozi, ndị nlekọta ahụike, na ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo sitere na steeti 6 ka a zụrụ azụ n'etiti Julaị 2015 ruo Mee 2016. Ndị sonyere na-arụsi ọrụ ike na-egbochi ịzụ ahịa mmadụ. Usoro na-esote bụ iguzobe Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Academy for Prevention of Human Trafficking nke ga-elekwasị anya na ọzụzụ, nyocha, nkwado, ndụmọdụ na mbipụta.

Na ọkwa mba, ọ kpọkọtara 2009 Model UN Conference maka ụmụ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na isiokwu nke ịlụso ịzụ ahịa mmadụ ọgụ. Ọzọkwa, a malitere njem nleta steeti itoolu iji guzobe ndị otu na-arụ ọrụ na steeti megide ịzụ ahịa mmadụ. N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2009, NAPTIP nwere nzukọ ndị na-ahụ maka ya na Kaduna iji setịpụ ihe omume dị mkpa na atụmatụ ego maka mmejuputa atụmatụ National Plan of Action. Ndị agha Naịjirịa na-enweta ọzụzụ ikike mmadụ na ịzụ ahịa mmadụ na nkwadebe maka ọrụ udo na mba ofesi. Ndị isi kwagara imechi ụlọ akwụna abụọ na Lagos n'oge nkeji iri na ise nke afọ 2010. N'ụlọ akwụna ndị a, ndị ọchịchị napụtara ụmụ nwanyị iri na abụọ, gụnyere mmadụ isii na-erubeghị afọ nke ịzụ ahịa. A mara otu onye nwe ụlọ ikpe, maa ya ikpe ịga mkpọrọ afọ abụọ, ma chọọ ka ọ tụfuo ụlọ nkwari akụ ya.[1] Na Febụwarị 2020, ndị uwe ojii jisiri ike napụta mmadụ nari iri atọ na abụọ (232) na-azụ ahịa mmekọahụ na ọrụ mmanye na nnukwu ọrụ na Niamey, isi obodo.[31]

Otu ndị na-emegide ahịa ịtụ mgbere mmadụ na Naịjirịa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  • Devatop Center for Africa Development (DCAD), otu anaghị akwụ ụgwọ na-elekwasị anya n'ịlụso ịzụ ahịa mmadụ ọgụ, ime ihe ike metụtara nwoke na nwanyị, mmetọ ụmụaka ; na inye nkwado mmụta nye ụmụaka na-adịghị ike. Ọ bụ ọgbakọ ndị ntorobịa nọ na-ebute ụzọ n'ịlụso ịzụ ahịa mmadụ ọgụ na ihe ndị ọzọ metụtara ya. Nzukọ a na-etinye aka na ndị na-eto eto n'iwu obodo na-enweghị ịzụ ahịa mmadụ.
  • Ndị na-azụ ahịa ụmụ nwanyị na mkpochapụ ụmụaka na-arụ ọrụ (WOTCLEF), bụ ọgbakọ anaghị akwụ ụgwọ nke guzosiela ike megide ịzụ ahịa ụmụ nwanyị na ịrụ ụmụaka n'ọrụ. WOTCLEF kwadoro ka e guzobe NAPTIP.
  • Pathfinders Justice Initiative, Inc. (www.pathfindersji.org) bụ ndị isi na-emegide ịzụ ahịa NGO nke na-arụ ọrụ iji gbochie ịgba ohu nke oge a (ịzụ ahịa mmekọahụ) na ịtọhapụ ndị inyom na ụmụ agbọghọ ndị ohu site na ikpochapụ kpọmkwem ihe kpatara ya. Ọ bụ R. Evon Benson-Idahosa, Esq., onye ọkachamara na-edu ndú na onye ndu echiche banyere ịzụ ahịa mmekọahụ bụ onye na-enye ndụmọdụ na gọọmentị mba na nke mba ụwa na ụlọ ọrụ.
  • Ndị otu ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria
  • Njikọ megide ịzụ ahịa mmadụ na mmegbu ụmụaka
  • Viable Knowledge Masters (VKM), bụ ụlọ ọrụ nyocha na ndụmọdụ nke rụworo ọrụ nke ukwuu na ụlọ ọrụ ụmụaka na ịzụ ahịa ụmụaka na ụmụ agbọghọ na-eme n'ebe ndị a. A na-ebipụta ọrụ VKM na ụlọ ọrụ ụmụaka n'akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị ọgbọ nyochara ama ama.
  • Edo State Taskforce Against Human Trafficking (ETAHT): E hibere na 15 August 2017, site n'aka Gọvanọ Edo State, Mr Godwin Obaseki dị ka nzaghachi maka ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke ịzụ ahịa mmadụ na njem na-adịghị mma na steeti ahụ. E hibere ETAHT n'ụzọ bụ isi iji kpochapụ ihe otiti nke ịzụ ahịa mmadụ na Steeti ahụ. ugbu a ọ bụ onye isi oche Prof. Yinka Omorogbe. Attorney General nke steeti na comm. nke ikpe ziri ezi.
  • PCI (Patrioic citicens initiative)
  • NACTAL (Network nke COS megide ịzụ ahịa mmadụ na ọrụ ụmụaka)

Hụkwa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  • Prostitution in Nigeria
  • Human rights in Nigeria
  • Crime in Nigeria

Ebensidee[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 "Nigeria". Trafficking in Persons Report 2010. U.S. Department of State (14 June 2010). Àtụ:PD-notice
  2. ↑ Trafficking in Persons Report 2017: Tier Placements (en-US). www.state.gov. Archived from the original on 28 June 2017. Retrieved on 1 December 2017.
  3. ↑ 70 cases of human trafficking recorded in Abia in six months – NAPTIP (en-GB) (2021-12-23). Retrieved on 2022-02-20.
  4. ↑ Nigeria: Human Trafficking Factsheet. pathfindersji.org. Retrieved on 20 January 2021.
  5. ↑ Tricked, trafficked and sold: How criminal gangs are bringing Nigerian women to Italy (en). InfoMigrants (25 January 2019). Retrieved on 20 January 2021.
  6. ↑ Escape: the woman who brought her trafficker to justice (en). The Guardian (27 August 2020). Retrieved on 20 January 2021.
  7. ↑ One in four victims of trafficking and exploitation in Europe are children - World (en). ReliefWeb. Retrieved on 20 January 2021.
  8. ↑ Carling (1 July 2005). Trafficking in Women from Nigeria to Europe (en). migrationpolicy.org. Retrieved on 20 January 2021.
  9. ↑ Africa fights the ‘people trade’ (en). Africa Renewal (15 October 2009). Retrieved on 20 January 2021.
  10. ↑ 15 million Nigerians in Diaspora — Dabiri-Erewa (en-US). Vanguard News (30 March 2017). Retrieved on 20 January 2021.
  11. ↑ Nigeria (en). International Organization for Migration (5 February 2015). Retrieved on 20 January 2021.
  12. ↑ Kazeem. Nigeria’s ongoing middle-class brain drain is costing it two generations in one swoop (en). Quartz Africa. Retrieved on 20 January 2021.
  13. ↑ Migration From Sub-Saharan Africa to Europe Has Grown Since 2010 (en-US). Pew Research Center's Global Attitudes Project (22 March 2018). Retrieved on 20 January 2021.
  14. ↑ Poorest Countries In Africa 2020. worldpopulationreview.com. Retrieved on 20 January 2021.
  15. ↑ Nigeria GNP | Gross National Product, 1960 - 2019. www.ceicdata.com. Retrieved on 20 January 2021.
  16. ↑ Development (17 March 2018). PR Times Africa, NAPTIP and Devatop organize Symposium on Human Trafficking (en). Medium. Retrieved on 20 January 2021.
  17. ↑ Development (26 March 2018). Devatop partners NAPTIP to train 120 Nigerian Law Students On Anti-Human Trafficking Advocacy (en). Medium. Retrieved on 20 January 2021.
  18. ↑ The Challenge of Resettling those who Have Been Trafficked, with Special Reference to Nigeria. www.pass.va. Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved on 20 January 2021.
  19. ↑ Salaudeen. New Nollywood film shines a light on human trafficking in Nigeria. CNN. Retrieved on 20 January 2021.
  20. ↑ Obenson (7 October 2020). How a Nollywood Netflix Drama Sheds Light on Nigeria’s Human Trafficking Crisis (en). IndieWire. Retrieved on 20 January 2021.
  21. ↑ Prevention of human trafficking. www.unodc.org. Archived from the original on 15 April 2022. Retrieved on 25 January 2021.
  22. ↑ Trafficking, ritual oaths and criminal investigations | Forced Migration Review (en). www.fmreview.org. Retrieved on 25 January 2021.
  23. ↑ The juju curse that binds trafficked Nigerian women into sex slavery (en). the Guardian (2 September 2017). Retrieved on 25 January 2021.
  24. ↑ Nwaubani. "Opinion | A Voodoo Curse on Human Traffickers (Published 2018)", The New York Times, 24 March 2018. Retrieved on 25 January 2021. (in en-US)
  25. ↑ Gostoli. Sex trafficking victims: From juju curses to the street (en). www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved on 25 January 2021.
  26. ↑ Human trafficking: Oba of Benin forces native doctors to revoke curses placed on victims (en-US). Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics (9 March 2018). Retrieved on 25 January 2021.
  27. ↑ Reversing the Curse Keeping Nigerian Women Bound to Sex Slavery. Time. Retrieved on 25 January 2021.
  28. ↑ Oba of Benin's curses on human traffickers'll check excesses of perpetrators —Edo in Diaspora (en-US). Vanguard News (15 March 2018). Retrieved on 25 January 2021.
  29. ↑ This Nigerian Crime Fighter Uses the Spirit World to Catch Sex Traffickers (en). Global Citizen. Retrieved on 25 January 2021.
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 Group Trains 65 Anti-human Trafficking Campaigners - International Centre for Investigative Reporting (7 December 2015).
  31. ↑ "Niger police rescue 232 victims of sex trafficking, forced labor", Reuters, 27 February 2020. Retrieved on 27 February 2020. (in en)

Njikọ mpụga[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

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