Akụkọ Banyere Ụmụnne Abụọ

"The tale of Two Brothers" bụ akụkọ Ijipt oge ochie nke malitere n'oge ọchịchị Seti nke Abụọ, onye chịrị site na 1200 ruo 1194 BC n"oge Ọchịchị Ọhụrụ nke 19.^[1] A na-echekwa akụkọ ahụ na Papyrus D'Orbiney, nke nọ ugbu a n'ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie nke Britain^[2]

Akụkọ ahụ gbasara ụmụnne abụọ: Anpu (Anubis), onye lụrụ di, na Bata nke obere. Ụmụnne ahụ na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ, na'ugbo ma na na -izụ ehi. Otu ụbọchị, nwunye Anpu nwara ịrata Bata. Mgbe ọ jụrụ arịrịọ ya n'ụzọ siri ike, nwunye ya gwara di ya na nwanne ya nwoke nwara ịrata ya ma tie ya ihe mgbe ọ jụrụ. Na nzaghachi nye nke a, Anpu nwara igbu Bata, onye gbapụrụ ma kpeere Re-Harakhti ekpere ka ọ zọpụta ya. Chi ahụ mepụtara ọdọ mmiri jupụtara na agụ iyi n'etiti ụmụnne abụọ ahụ, gafee nke Bata mechara nwee ike ịrịọ nwanne ya nwoke arịrịọ ma soro ya mee ihe omume. Iji mesie ezi obi ya ike, Bata na-ewepụ akụkụ ahụ ya ma tụba ha n'ime mmiri, ebe catfish na'ere ha.

Bata kwuru na ọ na'ebe Ndagwurugwu Cedars, ebe ọ ga-etinye obi ya n'ebe okooko osisi Cedar nọ, ka ọ bụrụ na egbutuo ya, Anpu enwee ike ịchọta ya nke ga-eme ka Bata dị ndụ ọzọ. Bata gwara Anpu na ọ bụrụ na e nye ya ite mmanya ọkụ nke na-agba ụfụfụ, ya mara ka ọ ga-esi chọọ nwanne ya nwoke. Mgbe ọ nụrụ atụmatụ nwanne ya nwoke, Anpu laghachiri n'ụlọ ma gbuo nwunye ya. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, Bata na-eguzobe ndụ na Ndagwurugwu Cedar, na' a rụrụ onwe ya ụlọ ọhụrụ. Bata bịakwutere Ennead, ma ọ bụ chi ndị isi Ijipt, ndị na-meere ya ọmịiko. Khnum, n'akụkọ ifo ndị Ijipt, chi a na-apụta karị ihe udị ka onye kpụrụ ụmụ mmadụ n' ìgwè e ji akpụ ụzụ, nke mepụtara Bata nwunye. N'ihi Okike pụru iche, ony ọchịchị ala Ijipt wee na-achọsi ya ike. Mgbe onye ọchịchị mechara nweta nwata nwaanyị ị so ya biri. Ọ gwara ya ka ọ gbutuo osisi ahụ nke Bata tinyere obi ya n'ime ya. Ha nwee mee otú ahụ, Bata nwụkwara.

Anpu wee nata ite mmanya ọkụ na-agba ụfụfụ. wee gawa na Ndagwurugwu Cedar. Ọ chọrọ obi nwanne ya nwoke afọ atọ na afọ anọ ọzọ, nwee chọta ya mgbe ọ chọsịrị afọ asaa. Ọ gbasoro ntụziaka Bata ma tinye obi ahụ n'ime efere mmiri oyi. Dị ka e si tụọ anya, Bata bikitekwara n'ọnwụ.

ta bikitekwara n'ọnwụ. "ọnwụ.

Bata wee yiri ụdịdị ehi gaa ịhụ nwunye ya na onye ọchịchị ahụ. Nwunye ya, onye maara na ọ bịara dịka Ehi, jụrụ onye ọchịchị ahụ ma ọ nwere ike iri umeju ya. E jikwara Ehi ahụ chụọ àjà, ọbara Bata wee dapụ ugboro abụọ, nke osisi Persea abụọ si na ya tolite. Ugbu a, Bata n'ụdị osisi, gwara nwunye ya okwu ọzọ, ọ wee rịọ onye ọchịchị ahụ ka ọ gbutuo osisi Persea ma jiri ha mee oche. Ka nke a na-eme, ọnụ mmiri danyere na'ọnụ nwunye ahụ, wee mee ka ọ tụụrụ ime. O mechakwara mụọ nwa nwoke, onye, onye ọchịchị ahụ mechara mee nwa eze. Mgbe onye ọ ọchịchị ahụ nwụrụ. Nwa eze(Bata nke bilitere n'ọnwụ) wee bụrụ eze ma meekwa nwanne nwoke onye tọrọ ya, Anpu, nwa eze. Akụkọ a gwụrụ n' obi ụtọ ebe ụmụnne ndị nwoke abụọ a mechara biri n'udo wee na-achịkwa obodo ha n'udo. wụrụ, nwa eze (Banke ta a kpọlitere n'ọnwụ) ghọrọ eze, ọ họpụtakwara nwanne ya nwoke nke okenye Anpu dị ka nwa Eze. Akụ k ọ agwụrụ obi ụtọdịebe na ụne nwoke mụnaba hụ mechara biri nọ doeei ma na-achịkobodo ba ha.

Ihe gbara ya gburugburu na isiokwu ya

E nwere ọtụtụ isiokwu dị na Tale of Two Brothers nke dị mkpa na ọdịbendị Ijipt oge ochie. Otu n'ime ndị a bụ ịbụ eze. Ọkara nke abụọ nke akụkọ ahụ na-ekwu maka echiche ndị Ijipt banyere ịbụ eze na njikọ dị n'etiti chi na Fero. Na nwunye Bata mechara tụ ime ya bụ ihe na-ezo aka na ọrụ abụọ nke ụmụ nwanyị na usoro nke Fero; ọrụ nke nwunye na nne na'otu oge. Ọzọkwa, akụkụ dị nsọ nke okike nwunye ya nwere ike ịhụ ka ọ bụ ikike maka ọchịchị Bata, karịsịa ebe ọ bụghị n'ezie nwa Fero. E wezụga nke a, ịdị nso Bata na Ennead n'etiti akụkọ ahụ na-enyekwa aka mee ka ọchịchị ya bụrụ nke iwu kwadoro; chi nyere ihu ọma Chineke na Bata n"oge ọ dị mkpa.

E nwekwara ọtụtụ ihe na-ezo aka na nkewa nke Ijipt n'ime ala abụọ. N'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Ijipt oge ochie, ọbụlagodi mgbe mba ahụ dị n'otu na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ma kwụsie ike, a kwenyere na e nwere mpaghara abụọ: Lower Egypt, mpaghara dị na ugwu gụnyere Delta Naịl, na Upper Egypt. Na mbido akụkọ ahụ, a na-akpọ Bata dị ka onye pụrụ iche n'ihi na "ọ dịghị onye dị ya n"ala ahụ dum, nʼihi ya, ike chi dị n "^[4] Tụkwasị na nke a, mgbe ọ bụla otu n'ime ụmụnne ahụ na-ewe iwe, a na'ihi na ha na na - na "Upper Egyptian panther," ma ọ bụ, na nsụgharị ọzọ, dị ka "a cheetah of the south".^[5]^[6]

E nwere ọtụtụ okwu ị ga-atụle mgbe ị na-enyocha akwụkwọ ndị Ijipt oge ochie n'ozuzu ya, na Tale of Two Brothers abụghị ihe dị iche. Otu ihe isi ike nke nyochaa akwụkwọ nke Ijipt oge ochie bụ na "ụkọ dị otú ahụ nke isi mmalite na-enye nlekota nke ụdị ọ bụla nke mmepe akụkọ ihe mere eme n'ime akwụkwọ ndị Ijip oge Ochie ọnọdụ dị elu ma mee ka iwughachi netwọk ọ ọkara ma eleghị anya ọ gaghị ekwe omume".^[7] Loprieno na-ekwu na a na'iji echiche euhemeristic mee ihe nke ọma na nyocha nke akwụkwọ ndị Ijipt oge ochie; nke a bụ usoro akụkọ ihe mere eme nke nyochaa akwụkwọ dịka ọ metụtara ihe omume ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.^[8]

N'ihe gbasara Tale of Two Brothers, Susan Tower Hollis na-akwadokwa usoro a, na'ikwu na akụkọ ahụ nwere ike "inwe echiche nke ọnọdụ akụkọ ihe mere eme n'ezie".^[9] N'ụzọ doro anya, Hollis na-eche na akụkọ ahụ nwere ike ịmalite na esemokwu nke onye ga-anọchi ya na njedebe nke narị afọ nke 13 BC. Mgbe Merneptah nwụrụ, Seti nke Abụọ bụ onye nketa kwesịrị ekwesị nke ocheeze ahụ, mana Amenmesse, onye chịrị ma ọ dịkarịa ala afọ ole na ole n'elu Ijipt, mara ya aka, ọ bụ ezie na Sesi nke abụọ chịa afọ isii zuru ezu.^[10]

Ihe ndị yiri ya

Dị ka onye na-akọ akụkọ ọdịnala Stith Thompson si kwuo, akụkọ ahụ bụ onye bu ụzọ n'ụdị akụkọ ọzọ ATU 318, "The Faithless Wife" ma ọ bụ "Batamärchen".^[11] Onye ọkà mmụta Czech Karel Horálek [cs] nyere "European redaction", ya bụ, otu ụdị ndị ahụ si apụta na isi mmalite Europe: dike ahụ nwụrụ, si n'ọnwụ bilie dị ka ịnyịnya; a na-egbu ịba ma site n"ọbara ya amụọ osisi mara mma; nwunye dike na'ekwesịghị ntụkwasị obi gburu osisi ahụ; osisi na ọ na na - osisi fọdụrụ ma ghọọ nnụnụ ("na-abụkarị drake").^[12]

A na-arụkwa ụka na ihe yiri ibe ya n'etiti usoro mbilite n"ọnwụ na akụkọ ndị na'akụkọ ọdịnala, dị ka The Love for Three Oranges (ma ọ bụ The Three Citrons), yana akụkọ akụkọ oge ochie.^[13]

Ihe ndị yiri ya na Bible

Ebe nweta ihe odide ahụ

[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Mus. 10183); a na-azọrọ na e dere papaịrọs ahụ na njedebe nke usoro ọchịchị nke iri na itoolu site n'aka onye odeakwụkwọ Ennana.^[14] British Museum nwetara ya na 1857.

Ede

msibia

↑ Jacobus Van Dijk, "The Amarna Period and the Later New Kingdom," in "The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt" ed. Ian Shaw. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000) p. 303
↑ Papyrus d'Orbiney (British Museum), the hieroglyphic transcription. Watchung, N.J., The Elsinore Press (1900).
↑ Budge (1889). Egyptian Language, 38–42.
↑ William Kelly Simpson, "The Literature of Ancient Egypt: An Anthology of Stories, Instructions, Stelae, Autobiographies, and Poetry" (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2003) p. 81
↑ Gaston Maspero, "Popular Stories in Ancient Egypt" (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002) p. 6
↑ Maspero, Sir Gaston Camille Charles. Les contes populaires de l'Égypte ancienne. Paris: Guilmoto. 1900. pp. 1-20.
↑ Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht, "Does Egyptology need a 'theory of literature'?" in "Ancient Egyptian Literature" ed. Antonio Loprieno. (Leiden, The Netherlands: E.J. Brill, 1996) p. 10
↑ Antonio Lopreino, "Defining Egyptian Literature: Ancient Texts and Modern Theories" in "Ancient Egyptian Literature" ed. Antonio Lopreino. (Leiden, The Netherlands: E.J. Brill, 1996) p. 40
↑ Susan T. Hollis, "The Ancient Egyptian Tale of Two Brothers: The Oldest Fairy Tale in the World" (Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 1996)
↑ Jacobus Van Dijk, "The Amarna Period and the Later New Kingdom," in "The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt" ed. Ian Shaw. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000) p. 303.
↑ Aarne, Antti; Thompson, Stith. The types of the folktale: a classification and bibliography. Folklore Fellows Communications FFC no. 184. Helsinki: Academia Scientiarum Fennica, 1961. p. 118.
↑ Horálek, Karel. "The Balkan Variants of Anup and Bata: AT 315B". In: Dégh, Linda. Studies In East European Folk Narrative. American Folklore Society, 1978. pp. 235-236.
↑ Hall, Thomas. “Andreas’s Blooming Blood”. In: The Wisdom of Exeter – Anglo-Saxon Studies in Honor of Patrick W. Connor. Edited by E. J. Christie. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2020. pp. 197-220. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501513060-009
↑ Lichtheim, Ancient Egyptian Literature, vol.2, 1980, p.203

References

[1] Jacobus Van Dijk, "The Amarna Period and the Later New Kingdom," in "The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt" ed. Ian Shaw. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000) p. 303

[2] Papyrus d'Orbiney (British Museum), the hieroglyphic transcription. Watchung, N.J., The Elsinore Press (1900).

[3] Budge (1889). Egyptian Language, 38–42.

[4] William Kelly Simpson, "The Literature of Ancient Egypt: An Anthology of Stories, Instructions, Stelae, Autobiographies, and Poetry" (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2003) p. 81

[5] Gaston Maspero, "Popular Stories in Ancient Egypt" (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002) p. 6

[6] Maspero, Sir Gaston Camille Charles. Les contes populaires de l'Égypte ancienne. Paris: Guilmoto. 1900. pp. 1-20.

[7] Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht, "Does Egyptology need a 'theory of literature'?" in "Ancient Egyptian Literature" ed. Antonio Loprieno. (Leiden, The Netherlands: E.J. Brill, 1996) p. 10

[8] Antonio Lopreino, "Defining Egyptian Literature: Ancient Texts and Modern Theories" in "Ancient Egyptian Literature" ed. Antonio Lopreino. (Leiden, The Netherlands: E.J. Brill, 1996) p. 40

[9] Susan T. Hollis, "The Ancient Egyptian Tale of Two Brothers: The Oldest Fairy Tale in the World" (Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 1996)

[10] Jacobus Van Dijk, "The Amarna Period and the Later New Kingdom," in "The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt" ed. Ian Shaw. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000) p. 303.

[11] Aarne, Antti; Thompson, Stith. The types of the folktale: a classification and bibliography. Folklore Fellows Communications FFC no. 184. Helsinki: Academia Scientiarum Fennica, 1961. p. 118.

[12] Horálek, Karel. "The Balkan Variants of Anup and Bata: AT 315B". In: Dégh, Linda. Studies In East European Folk Narrative. American Folklore Society, 1978. pp. 235-236.

[13] Hall, Thomas. “Andreas’s Blooming Blood”. In: The Wisdom of Exeter – Anglo-Saxon Studies in Honor of Patrick W. Connor. Edited by E. J. Christie. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2020. pp. 197-220. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501513060-009

[14] Lichtheim, Ancient Egyptian Literature, vol.2, 1980, p.203

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