Alice Lenshina
Alice Lenshina (1920-1978) bụ nwanyị Zambia, Onye mkpọrọ nke akọ na uche na onye a họpụtara "onye amụma" nke a maara maka òkè ya na "Lumpa Uprising", nke gburu ndụ 700. [1] [2][3]
Lenshina tọrọ ntọala ma duzie Ụka Lumpa, otu okpukpere chi nke nakweere ngwakọta nke nkwenkwe na okpukpe nke Ndị Kraịst na nke animist.[1] Ụka Lumpa jụrụ ikike nke "ọchịchị ụwa" ọ bụla, ọ jụrụ ịtụ ụtụ isi ma guzobe ụlọ ikpe nke ya. N'oge na-adịghị anya ka Zambia nwechara onwe ya n'okpuru Onye isi ala Kenneth Kaunda, ya na ndị na-eso ya na-etinye aka na nke a na-akpọ "Uprising Lumpa". A kwụsịrị ọgbaghara ahụ ma kpọchie ya, mana ekpochapụghị Chọọchị Lumpa kpamkpam.
Mmalite ya
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]A mụrụ ya Alice Mulenga Lubusha na 1920 na Chinsali district nke ugwu ugwu nke Northern Rhodesia. Alice bụ aha baptizim ya, ebe Mulenga bụ aha ọdịnala Africa ya. A ka amabeghị ọtụtụ ozi gbasara nzụlite ya. Enweghị nkọwa ọzọ gbasara nne ya n'akụkụ aha ya, Musungu Chimba. Lubusha, nna ya, bụ onye uwe ojii obodo nke lụrụ ọgụ maka ndị Britain n'oge Agha Ụwa Mbụ ma bụrụ onye ozi maka nchịkwa colonial. Ha bụ ndị otu Crocodile Clan, nke bụ agbụrụ a ma ama nke alaeze Bemba [1]
Aha "Lenshina" bụ ụdị Bemba nke okwu Latin "regina" ("eze nwanyị"). Ọ lụrụ Gibson Nkwale. Mgbe ọ nwụsịrị, ọ lụrụ Petros Chintankwa onye ya na ya mụrụ ụmụ ise.
N'ịbụ nke dị n'akụkụ dịpụrụ adịpụ nke Northern Rhodesia, Chinsali district bụ ebe agha maka ọrụ abụọ na-asọ mpi nke Ndị Kraịst: ndị Roman Katọlik Missionaries of Africa ("White Fathers"), nke dabeere na Llondola site na 1934, na United Free Church of Scotland, nke dabeere n'Lubwa site na 1905. Otu n'ime ndị ozi ala ọzọ Lubwa bụ David Kaunda, nna Kenneth Kaunda onye ghọrọ onye isi ala mbụ nke Zambia na onye bụ onye mmegide siri ike nke ịrọ òtù Lumpa.
1953–1955
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Chọọchị ọhụrụ ahụ sonyeere asọmpi maka mkpụrụ obi megide Chọọchị Roman Katọlik na Chọọchị Scotland. Lumpa nwere ihe ịga nke ọma nke na ka ọ na-erule ngwụcha afọ 1950, ọ nwere ike ịnwe ndị otu 150,000 na mpaghara ugwu na ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Northern Rhodesia. Mgbalị chọọchị ahụ na-eme maka ndị otu dị oke egwu nke na gọọmentị Northern Rhodesia na-achị ya lere ya anya dị ka ihe egwu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.
1958–1964
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Na mbụ, Chọọchị Lumpa dị nso na nnukwu nzukọ ndị isi ojii na-alụ ọgụ maka nnwere onwe, Northern Rhodesia African National Congress (ANC). Otú ọ dị, mgbe Kenneth Kaunda hapụrụ ANC na 1958 wee guzobe United National Independence Party (UNIP) na-alụ ọgụ, asọmpi maka ndị otu malitere n'etiti ụka ọhụrụ na pati ọhụrụ ahụ. Obodo nta kewara ka ndị isi Lumpa nyere ndị otu ha iwu ka ha guzobe obodo nta dị iche iche site na ịpụ n'obodo nta ebe ha bi n'akụkụ ndị otu UNIP. Esemokwu dị n'etiti UNIP na Lumpa Church ruru n'ókè na July ruo October na 1964, obere oge tupu nnwere onwe Northern Rhodesia. Na Julaị 24, 1964, agha egbe dara n'etiti ndị UNIP na ndị otu Lumpa Church. [ebe?] Ọgba aghara ndị si na ya pụta bụ naanị site na ntinye aka nke ndị agha steeti, na nkwupụta nke ọnọdụ mberede site n'aka Praịm Minista ọhụrụ tupu nnwere onwe, Kenneth Kaunda.
Ihe dị ka otu puku mmadụ nwụrụ na esemokwu dị n'etiti ndị na-akwado Lumpa Church, ndị otu UNIP na ndị ọrụ nchekwa. Ihe dị ka ndị otu Lumpa Church 15,000 gbapụrụ ma gbaba na Congo; ụfọdụ n'ime ha alaghachighị Zambia. A machibidoro Chọọchị Lumpa iwu na 3 Ọgọstụ 1964 ma Lenshina nyefere onwe ya n'aka ndị uwe ojii ụbọchị ole na ole ka e mesịrị.[4] O siri ike ka onye ọ bụla katọọ Lenshina maka ime ihe ike ahụ mere. Nke a pụtara ìhè mgbe onye nkatọ ya kachasị ukwuu, Kaunda, akpọghị maka ikpe ya n'ụlọ ikpe. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ ihe nnọchianya maka Chọọchị Lumpa, ọ gọnahụrụ itinye aka na ọgba aghara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Ọchịchọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ndị ya na ha dịkọrọ ndụ bu ụzọ karịa ọchịchọ Lenshina maka mweghachi okpukpe na ọdịbendị.[5]
1964–1978
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Alice Lenshina n'onwe ya enweghi ọrụ dị mkpa na ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Lumpa Church. Ọ kwara ụta maka eziokwu ahụ bụ na omume ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ahụ belatara mmetụta okpukpe nke ozi ya, nke kwusiri ike ịdị nsọ nke alụmdi na nwunye, megidere ịlụ karịa otu nwanyị na anwansi ọdịnala Ndị Afrịka ma kwalite nkwalite nke ndị nkịtị, ọkachasị ụmụ nwanyị. Lenshina enwetụbeghị ikpe mana Kenneth Kaunda jidere ya na mpaghara Mumbwa, malite n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 1964. Di ya, Petros Chintankwa (onye nwụrụ na 1972), sooro ya jide. N'afọ 1965, a kpọgara ha na mpaghara Kalabo, nke dị nso n'ókè Angola, mana ha gbapụrụ n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 1967. E jidere ha, tụọ ha mkpọrọ ọnwa isii ma gbochie ha na mpaghara Mkushi. N'ọnwa Mee afọ 1970, Kaunda tinyere ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ma nye iwu ka e bibie ụlọ ụka ya n'obodo ya bụ Kasomo. N'ikpeazụ, a tọhapụrụ ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ na Disemba 1975 mana a kpọchiri ya n'ime ụlọ na New Chilenje compound nke Lusaka, Nkunda Road.
Ọnwụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si][6] Lenshina nwụrụ na 7 Disemba 1978 mgbe ọ nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ma mesịa lie ya n'obodo Kasomo ebe Chọọchị Kamutola guzo.
Ụka Lumpa ka na-adị ruo taa, n'agbanyeghị na e kewara ma na-akpọ ya aha dị iche iche, nke kacha pụta ìhè bụ Uluse Kamutola Church, nke dị n'okpuru Chilemweni Nkonde (nke kasị ukwuu), Ụka Jerusalem, n'okpuru Bubile (Daughter to Lenshina) na New. Jerusalem Church, n'okpuru Nkaya, na Kitwe's Chimwemwe Township.
Ihe odide
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Hinfelaar (3 October 1991). "Women's Revolt: The Lumpa Church of Lenshina Mulenga in the 1950s". Journal of Religion in Africa 21 (2): 99–129. DOI:10.2307/1580801. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ ALICE MULENGA LENSHINA AND THE LUMPA CHURCH (cult). dagolo.blogspot.co.uk (13 November 2007). Retrieved on 3 October 2017.
- ↑ Retracing the Lumpa Church. maravi.blogspot.co.uk. Retrieved on 3 October 2017.
- ↑ Luscombe. Alice Lenshina and her Lumpa Church. www.britishempire.co.uk. Retrieved on 3 October 2017.
- ↑ Hinfelaar, Hugo.. Women's revolt : the Lumpa church of Lenshina Mulenga in the 1950s. OCLC 936724316.
- ↑ The Lowdown Magazine (31 March 2013).