Altgeld Gardens Ụlọ
Nwanyị Altgeld Gardens bụ ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ nke Chicago (CHA) n'akwụkwọ ndị Chicago, Illinois, United States, na ọgụ Chicago na Riverdale, Illinois . Ndị bi na ya bụ 97% African-American dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ 2000 United States si dị. [1] Ewubere n'etiti 1944 na 1945 yana ụgwọ 1,498, ihe ahụ bụ nke mbụ ụlọ ahịrị ụlọ okpukpu abụọ nkera 190 acres (0.77 km2
Akụkọ ihe mere eme[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
[1]Ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ụlọ na ụlọ obodo wuru Altgeld Gardens iji gboo mkpa ụlọ obibi maka ndị agha America America na-alọta na Agha mgbochi nke amaghị . Na 1956, e bufere ọrụ ahụ na Chicago Housing Authority . N'ịbụ nke dị na mpaghara mmetụta dị na Chicago's far South, Akpọrọ Altgeld aha John Peter Altgeld, onye Illinois mgbochi na 1890s. Ozi otu n'ime ụlọ ụlọ mbụ mbụ arụtụrụla na United States, ọ tozuru ka edepụta ya na Ndebanye aha Obodo nke Ebe ihe mere eme eme
Na mmalite narị afọ nke 21st, ndị bi na 3,400 bi na ogige Altgeld / Murray. Mgbagwoju anya a gụnyere ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na eze dị n'ime oke ya, yana ndị na-ahụ maka ụlọ nwere ndị ọrụ na-ahụ maka nlekọta, ọrụ na-elekọta mmadụ na saịtị, na ụlọ ọgwụ maka ndị bi. Oke ugwu Altgeld Gardens bụ 130th Street, ókèala ndịda ya bụ 134th Street, ókèala ọwụwa anyanwụ bụ ogige nke George Washington Carver Military Academy (nke a na-akpọbu George Washington Carver Area High School) ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ọha afọ 4 na Beaubien. Nchekwa oke ọhịa nke Cook County. </link>[ a chọrọ nkọwa ]
A na-ahụta Altgeld Gardens dị ka ebe nchekwa nke ekiri ikpe ziri gburugburu ebe obibi [2]
[3]Akpọrọ Altgeld Gardens utu aha "Donut na-egbu egbu" Chicago n'ihi inwe ebe mkpofu dị ize ndụ na United States. Enwere ebe mkpofu 50 na ụlọ ọrụ ihe 382 gbara gburugburu ebe ahụ, ụlọ ọrụ Acme Steel na ụlọ ọrụ Pullman, yana ọtụtụ egwuregwu na-achịkwaghị ịchịkwa. [1] E see tankị nchekwa 250 na-agbapụta n'ime ala. Ebe ndị ahụ gbara osimiri na ɔdɔ mmiri gburugburu, na-eme ka ike mmiri ahụ na-egbu egbu maka oriri na-amụ mmadụ. Wall toxicology osisi ụzọ dị elu na nke dị ize ndụ nke ndu, mercury, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane ( DDT ), polychlorinated biphenyls ( PCBs ), hydrocarbons aromatic polycyclic ( PAHs ), ala arọ, na xylene . [1] Ndị bi ebe ahụ uzuzu dị ize ndụ sitere na ụlọ ọrụ dị nso na asbestos n'ihe eji arụ ụlọ maka tile na ebe. Mmiri ahụ ahụ ike ma nwee ọnụ ọgụgụ kansa elu na Chicago
Ihe ndị a na-ebute nsogbu ahụike na obodo site na mmiri na mmetọ ikuku, gụnyere ụkwara ume ọkụ na ọrịa iku ume . E nwere ísì kemịkal dị n'ikuku nke kpaara ndị bi ebe ahụ imi. Mmiri ahụ nwere agba ọla kọpa dị ọkụ wee si na ọkpọkọ mmiri na-enweghị obere nrụgide. [3] Nnyocha e mere gosiri na pasent 51 nke ime ime n'afọ 1992 kọrọ na a naghị amụ nwa. [3]
Ndị mmadụ maka mgbake obodo[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
[3]Na 1979, Hazel M. Johnson, onye bi na Altgeld Gardens, kpọ: ndị otu obodo ka ha kwuo okwu ikpe na-ibu gburugburu ebe obibi na ebe oriri gburugburu ebe obibi obodo ya chere ihu ma kee ndị mmadụ maka mgbake obodo. Ọkwa nke na mkpokọta ruru na 1980s na 1990s, ebe otu n'ime mmeri ebe obibi mbụ ha na-eme nke ọma na obodo na steeti ịwụnye ahịrị mmiri na ahịrị mmiri mmiri maka Maryland Manor, ebe ọtụtụ ndị agadi nọ. [1] Ndị bi na Maryland Manor nọ na-atụ ụtụ obodo maka afọ 25 maka mmiri mmiri mmetọ ewepụtara na olulu mmiri ebe ihe nkiri kemịkalụ dị ka cyanide na-ese n'elu.
N'afọ 1980, ndị mmadụ mgbake obodo haziri isi ntọala na ọrụ ahụ iji kwado maka egwu fiberglass na-atụgharị asbestos n'ime ụlọ ndị dị njikere anya. [1] Onye bụbu onye isi ala US Barack Obama Ikpọ na isi a n'oge ọ bụ nwata dị ka onye nhazi obodo wee dee nchọpụta ya na Nrọ sitere na Nna m. . [2]
Ndị mmadụ maka mgbake obodo gara n'ihu na-emekọ iwe iwe iji mkpọsa ọnọdụ obodo ha. ahụ otu mere ka ụlọ ọrụ na-aza asị nke ọma iji ndị mmetọ ha ebe na gburugburu obibi. Otu ụlọ ọrụ nke na-eji ihe ngbanwe ọkụ eletrik na-ekpocha ahụ ọkụ. [1] Ndị na-arụ ọrụ ụgbọ okporo ụzọ Pullman Company nchara ihefu ihe mkpofu sludge nke ọma site na mbụ mbụ. [1] Òtù ahụ zụkwara ndị ọrụ Chicago Housing Authority na- akara anya na mgba Altgeld Gardens na mbelata uzuzu gburugburu n'oge nrụ ụlọ na 2002. [2] Ndị mmadụ maka mgbake obodo hụ ịhụ na gburugburu ebe obibi ha, n' nsogbu na nsogbu ndị a ga-edozi
Ọrụ nke Hazel Johnson na ndị mmadụ maka mgbake obodo mere ka President Clinton bịanye aka na Executive Order 12898 nke kpọrọ oku maka Environmental Protection Agency iji tinye ụkpụrụ ikpe ziri ezi gburugburu ebe obibi n'ime ọrụ ha ka ọ dịghị otu ndị mmadụ nwere ike ịdaba n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi site na nsonaazụ mmetọ. [2]
Ọnọdụ dị adị[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Altgeld Gardens bụ obodo 99% pere mpe na-anabata ndị otu obodo 8,000, 90% n'ime ha bụ ndị isi ojii yana 63% n'ime ha bi n'okpuru ahịrị ịda ogbenye. [4] Enwere pasenti kachasị elu nke ndị mmadụ na-ebi na ịda ogbenye yana ego onye ọ bụla na-akpata kacha ala n'obodo ahụ. [4] N'afọ 2015, ego otu onye obodo na-enweta bụ $11,515 ma e jiri ya tụnyere oke ịda ogbenye bụ $12,082. [4]
Ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na-enweta ihe, igwe igwe igwe, ebe a na-ekpofu mmiri na ihe mkpofu na-agafe na saịtị 190 acre Altgeld Gardens. bi na-enwe ndekọ na-ndị agha elu ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-anwụ kwa afọ site na ọrịa kansa na ọrịa ndị ọzọ nwere ike ihe egwu gburugburu ebe obibi nke ụlọ ọrụ ha. [1] Ọkwa obodo dị ka obere ego na obere obere na-enye ha obere ikike ike ndị agha nke na-enyere akwụkwọ aka ime nke ọma. nkọwa, nhazi obodo dịka site na People for Community Recovery na-eme usoro dị mma maka ikpe ziri ezi gburugburu ebe obibi. Dị ka Cheryl Johnson si kwuo, onye isi ndị mmadụ maka mgbake obodo, nsogbu nke obodo Altgeld Gardens ịkpọ ndu, ụkwara ume ọkụ, bronchitis, na ọrịa iku ume ndị ọzọ. [2] Ọ bụ ebe na ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime nje ndị na-ebute ụzọ na-esi na agba agba, e nwere mmetọ ndu n'ime ala.. [2]
N'afọ 2013, onye isi obodo Chicago nke iri ise na ise Rahm Emanuel wepụrụ ngalaba ngalaba gburugburu obodo n'ihi faịlụ mkpuchi ego. [1] Nke a na-enye obere nhọrọ maka ibelata ibu gburugburu ebe obibi n'obodo, ndị obodo. Ya mere, ndị mmadụ mgbake obodo ka na-agbasi mbọ ike na-hazi iji hichaa agbata obi ha maka ọnọdụ obibiada ka mma. nkọwa, akụkụ ahụ ahụ nkiri mmemme na nkuzi nkuzi iji kuziere ndị otu obodo na mgbasa nsi ka ha na ndị enyi ha na ndị agbata obi ha kerịta. [2] Otu isiokwu na-ekwu maka oriri na-edozi ahụ, n'ihi na nri ndị nwere ikike ime ka ọnụọgụgụ nke ledar dị n'iche oriri na-edozi ahụ. [5]
Mmemme njikwa ikuku obodo[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Malite n'August 2017, obodo Altgeld Gardens malitere mmemme njikwa ikuku obodo iji dekọọ ọkwa ikuku na-egbu egbu na mpaghara ahụ iji mee ka gọọmentị mee mgbanwe mgbanwe. [5] Data edekọtara ga-enyere aka ịgwa ndị bi na ha ka ha mee mkpebi gbasara mkpokọta obodo na imetụta mgbanwe amụma, ọkachasị mgbe enweghị ego gọọmentị na-egbochi ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị ime ya. [5]
Ọrụ anwụ na Green[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Mmezu nke ọrụ anyanwụ na akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ sitere na nhazi ọrụ nke ndị mmadụ maka mgbake obodo. Nzukọ a na-atụ anya ibelata ọnụ ọgụgụ enweghị ọrụ, n'ihi na ọnụ ọgụgụ enweghị ọrụ maka Riverdale ji okpukpu ise karịa nkezi obodo. [6] Ndị otu obodo na-arụ ọrụ na-eji ihe karịrị otu elekere kwa njem. Inye ọrụ dị nso na obodo ga-ebelata oge njem na ịbawanye ọnụ ahịa ọrụ.
Okwu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
[5]Na 2017, nhọrọ Trump okwu aro ka a ọkpụkpọ fufu ego 31% maka nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi, nke ga- ዕለት 19% nke ndị ọrụ ugbu a. [1] Enweghị ego echere, EPA mebere ike mmemme mmemme ezubere ijibe ikuku carbon ijibe na odi ihu igwe ma chebe ikike ikuku na mmiri. [2] Maka ezubere ikpochapụ mmetọ mpaghara dịka Ọdọ Mmiri Michigan nke dị na Chicago ga-atụfu ihe ruru nde $427 maka fufu. [1] Ego mmemme Superfund ga-agbada site na nde $762 ruo nde $330. Ngalaba mmanye mmanye nke EPA ga-ahụkwa mbelata 31%, na-akpata mfu maka nchụso ikpe ziri ezi gburugburu ebe obibi dịka ngalaba mmanye nwere ikike imerụ ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-emebi emebi. [1] Na mgbakwunye na mbelata fu ego, Onye isi EPA Scott Pruitt atụpụta ihe mmemme ikpe ziri ezi gburugburu ebe obibi n'ime EPA
Na-enweghị enyemaka nke EPA, a na-ahapụ obodo ka ha nakọta data iji gosi ihe akaebe nke ibu ahụike na mkpa maka mgbanwe iwu.
Na Disemba 19, 2018, setịpụ Atụmatụ Nduzi Federal nke na-enye ihe atụ maka ibelata m ike ndu nwata. [1] Atụmatụ ahụ dị n'okpuru Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Ndị Ọrụ na-ahụ Maka Ahụ Ike Environmental Health Risks na Safety Risks na ebe, nke President Clinton nyere site na Executive Order 13045 na April 1997 [2] Enwere ike na- emesi ike na nwata n'ihi akwa akwa ozi, immunological, na digestive. n'ime afọ ndị a dị oke egwu. [2] Ngosipụta na ndu nwere ike ịpụtapụta ogologo oge, eserese nnukwu ihe egwu nke na-egosi. [2] Ụmụntakịrị pere mpe, anyị na-ebu ibu n'ụzọ na-akụzi ezi nke m mkpa ndu. [2] fim bụ:
- Ebumnobi 1: Belata ekpughere ụmụaka na isi mmalite ndu
- Ebumnobi 2: Chọpụta ụmụaka na-egosipụta ndu ma kwalite nsonaazụ ahụike ha
- Ebumnobi nke atọ: Gị na ndị ihe metụtara kpakọrịta nke ọma
- Ihe mgbaru ọsọ 4: Nkwado ma mee nyocha dị mkpa iji mee ka a mara mbọ ndị a na-eme iji belata ihe ngosi ndu na ihe ize ndụ ahụike metụtara ya.
Agbanyeghị, ndị ọkachamara na mkpughe ndu nwata na-arụtụ aka na atụmatụ ahụ enweghị ike itinye aka zuru oke na mkpochapụ nsị ndu, nye usoro usoro iheomume, kwalite ụkpụrụ na ụkpụrụ gọọmentị etiti iji mee ka oge ntinye aka dị ngwa ngwa, kọwapụta ndị otu gburugburu ebe obibi na ndị na-akwado ahụike ọha na eze ha ga-anakọta ntinye site na., ma kọwaa ebe ego ahụ sitere [7] N'ezie, okwu ahụ bụ "iwepụ" adịghị apụta na akụkọ atụmatụ atụmatụ ma e jiri ya tụnyere akụkọ 2016 nke ndị ọrụ, nke gụnyere mgbochi mbụ, ikpe ziri ezi gburugburu ebe obibi, na nkwụsị nke nsị ndu. [7] Ndị ọkachamara rụtụrụ aka na atụmatụ 2018 na-akpọ ka a tụleghachi akụkọ mmetọ ndu nke a mụọlarị karịa ịnakọta data sitere na mpaghara ọhụrụ. [7] Nkọwapụta na ntinye aka sitere na atụmatụ a na ndị na-arụ ya ga-eme ka mkpughe ndu nwata.
Ntụaka[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- ↑ IHPA HARGIS. Historic Architectural Resources Geographic Information System. Archived from the original on 2020-10-20. Retrieved on 2024-04-19.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Amer. "A bus tour stops by polluted Altgeld Gardens", September 4, 2015. (in en)
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Trice. "Far South Side environmental activist Hazel Johnson and her daughter 'decided to stay here and fight'", tribunedigital-chicagotribune, March 10, 2010. Retrieved on December 22, 2017. (in en)
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Weiss-Randall (2018). "Utilizing Innovative Technologies to Address the Public Health Impact of Climate Change: Emerging Research and Opportunities".
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Chan. "The 40-Year Fight to Clean Up One of America's Most Polluted Projects", Tonic, June 30, 2017.
- ↑ Stark. "For Riverdale, Red Line extension may be path to employment", The Chicago Reporter, October 25, 2016. Retrieved on May 1, 2019.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Cabrera. "Federal Plan to Reduce Childhood Lead Exposure Falls Short, Experts Say", Huffpost, December 19, 2018.