Anjuvannam
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Anjuvannam (na Tamil na Malayalam, si Persian anjuman, na hanjama ma ọ bụ hanjamana na Telugu ma ọ bụ Kannada [1] ma ọ bụ hamyamana [2] ) na-ezo aka na òtù ndị ọrụ ochie mgbe ochie, nke nwere ndị na- nsogbu ndị India (ndị́ Peshia na ndị Arab [2]), na-arụsi ọrụ ike na ndị India. [3] Tinyere manigramam na ainurruvar (narị ise nke Ayyavole), ndị otu ndị ọrụ akara anjuvannam nnukwu nnukwu ọrụ nke azụmahịa nke mpaghara ahụ.[1]
N'adịghị ka manigiramam, nke na-arụkwa ọrụ na India hinterland, ọnụnọ anjuvannam ka a na-ahụ naanị n'obodo ndị dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri. [2] A maara onye nọ n'obodo Anjuvannam dị ka "anjuvannan". [3]
Akụkọ ihe mere eme
[dezie | dezie ebe o si][3]Ndị na-azụ ndị West Asia bụ ndị haziri guild nke anjuvannam ndị Juu, Ndị na-azụ Siria, ndị mmadụ na Zoroastrian Parsi ndị eji na-arụ ọrụ na ndị India (ahụsịa ahia oké osimiri India [1] ). [2] Ọkọ ihe mere eme Y. Subbarayalu mmetụtawo guild anjuvannam dị ka "otu ndị ejija West Asia". [2] [1] [3] Ndị na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke Konkan, Malabar Coast na Coromandel Coast nke ndị India (na egwuregwu na South East Asia Java).
[4]N'ọdụ mmiri ụfọdụ, òtù a ikike akwụkwọ ikike eze, bụ́ nke nyere ikike ikike na ihe ire iche n'ime obodo ndị ahụ. Anjuvannam pụtara aha n'ọnụ nke odide odide India, menu n'ime efere kọpa nke Quilon nke Siria (ihe dị ka 849 OA) na n'efere ọla kọpa ndị Juu nke Cochin (ihe dị ka 1000 OA). [1] [2] [3] Mmụba ahụhụ nke ndị otu ahụ na ndị Juu na-azụ na Coast Coast Malabar ka a na-ahụ anya n'ihe odide ikpeazụ
[2] Ihe izizi izizi nke anjuvannam bụ efere kọpa nke Quilon Syria (c. 849 OA). Ndị otu ahụ nọ na-arụ ọrụ n'oge oke osimiri Kerala na ike afụ nke ọnwụ OA. [1] Site na akpan akpan nke 10, ainurruvar (Ayyavole Narị ise) guild na ndịda India na-ebute n'okpuru nche anwụ ọtụtụ n'ime guild ndị dị adị. Ma anjuvannam na manigiramam ka etinyere n'ime ike ise ahụ. [1] Na nche awụ nke 12 na mgbe ọ gachara,,,kaa ise ahụ ọrụ dị ka otu anwụ na-ekpuchi guild ndị ọchụnta ego ndị ọzọ niile. [2] N'ime afọ nke 11 - 13th anjuvannam bụ nke ndị ọchụnta ego mba ma n'idi-aṅa ọmụmụ na ọmụmụ nke India.
Etymology
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Otu nkọwa na-achọpụta mmalite aha anjuvannam ruo Avestan </link> na anjuman Persian ma ọ bụ anǰoman nke na-ezo aka na nzukọ ma ọ bụ otu ndị mmadụ. [5] [6]
- Okwu hanjama ma ọ bụ hanjamana dị na ndekọ Telugu na Kannada . [4] Hanjamana bụ aha ejiri mee ihe n'ihe odide sitere n'ụsọ osimiri Konkan . [2]
- Dị ka nkọwa mbụ si kwuo, aha Anjuvannam na-enweta site na usoro Hindu varna dịka onye ọ bụla na-abụghị nke otu n'ime varna anọ a na-ezo aka dị ka anjuvannan . [7] [5]
Hụkwa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Ndị Juu Cochin
- Manigramam
- Ụlọ ọrụ azụmahịa nke South India
Ntụaka
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ Noburu Karashmia (ed.), A Concise History of South India: Issues and Interpretations. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2014. 136.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Y. Subbarayalu (2015-06-01). "Trade guilds of south India up to the tenth century" (in en). Studies in People's History 2 (1): 21–26. ISSN 2348-4489. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "journal_sage_2015" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 3.0 3.1 Kulke (2009). Nagapattinam to Suvarnadwipa: Reflections on the Chola Naval Expeditions to Southeast Asia (in en). Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. ISBN 9789812309372.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Narayanan, M. G. S. Perumāḷs of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013. 278, 437 and 451.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 (2011) History of People and Their Environs: Essays in Honour of Prof. B.S. Chandrababu (in en). Bharathi Puthakalayam. ISBN 9789380325910.
- ↑ electricpulp.com. ANJOMAN (Organization) – Encyclopaedia Iranica (en). www.iranicaonline.org. Retrieved on 2018-01-11.
- ↑ Logan (1887). Malabar Manual (in en). Asian Educational Services. ISBN 9788120604469.