Ann Allen Shockley
| ụdịekere | nwanyị  |
|---|---|
| mba o sị | Njikota Obodo Amerika |
| Aha enyere | Ann |
| ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya | 1927 |
| Ebe ọmụmụ | Louisville |
| Ọrụ ọ na-arụ | ode akwukwo ifo, short story writer, librarian, Onye ntaakụkọ |
| ebe agụmakwụkwọ | Fisk University, Case Western Reserve University |
| agbụrụ | Ndi Afrika nke Amerika |
Ann Allen Shockley (amụrụ June 21, 1927) bụ onye nta akụkọ America, onye nchịkọta akụkọ na onye ode akwụkwọ, ọkachamara na isiokwu nke ịhụnanya nwanyị nwanyị nwere agbụrụ, ọkachasị ọnọdụ nke ndị nwanyị nwanyị ojii bi n'okpuru ihe ọ na-ele anya dị ka " mmegbu ugboro atọ " nke ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, mmekọahụ na nwoke na nwanyị. homophobia. Ọ gbakwara ndị ụlọ akwụkwọ ume ka ha tinye uche pụrụ iche na mkpokọta Afro-America.
Ndụ na ọrụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
A mụrụ Shockley na 1927 na Louisville, Kentucky . A gbara Shockley ume ịgụ na ide ihe okike n'oge ọ bụ nwata ma ụdị mkpirisi Richard Wright nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu n'ime ụmụaka Uncle Tom . Ekwuru na onye nkuzi ya na klas nke asatọ, Harriet La Forest, na-eje ozi dị ka onye ndụmọdụ mbụ Shockley ma nwee mmetụta dị ukwuu na odide Shockley. [1]
Ọ malitere idere ndị na-ege ntị akwụkwọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ maka akwụkwọ akụkọ ụlọ akwụkwọ ya. Ọ gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye nta akụkọ na onye edemede kọlụm maka akwụkwọ akụkọ dị iche iche na ọmụmụ akwụkwọ mahadum ya ma mesịa gụchaa nzere bachelọ na Mahadum Fisk na 1948. Shockley gara n'ihu nata akara ugo mmụta nna ya ukwu na sayensị ọba akwụkwọ site na Case Western Reserve University na 1959.
Ọ lụrụ onye nkuzi William Shockley na 1948, ma mụọ ụmụ abụọ aha ya bụ William Leslie Jr. na Tamara Ann. [1] Di na nwunye ahụ mechara gbaa alụkwaghịm mana Shockley debere aha ikpeazụ di ya.
Shockley rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-agụ akwụkwọ na Delaware State College na Mahadum Maryland Eastern Shore, tupu ọ rụọ ọrụ maka mkpokọta Negro Special na Mahadum Fisk na 1969. Ọ jere ozi dị ka onye prọfesọ nke sayensị ọba akwụkwọ, onye na-ahụ maka ihe ndekọ mahadum, yana onye na-agụ akwụkwọ na-akpakọrịta maka mkpokọta pụrụ iche na Fisk wee hibe Black Oral History Programme ruo mgbe o mechara lara ezumike nka na 1988. N'ime oge ọrụ ya niile, Shockley bipụtara ọtụtụ akwụkwọ gbasara ọbá akwụkwọ na mkpokọta pụrụ iche, ọkachasị metụtara mkpokọta ndị America na America. [1] Ọ ghọrọ onye odee nke ihe karịrị akụkọ mkpirisi iri atọ, akwụkwọ akụkọ, na akụkọ ndị na-ekwu okwu banyere ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na nwoke idina nwoke.
Shockley dere ọtụtụ akụkọ gbasara akwụkwọ nke oge ahụ, ọkachasị n'ime okirikiri nwanyị ojii na ọ bụ onye nkatọ ama ama na onye nkatọ nwanyị. [2] [3] [4]
Enyere Shockley ihe nrite Lee Lynch Classics Award maka akwụkwọ akụkọ ya hụrụ ya n'anya, nke ebipụtara na 1974 wee bipụta ya na 2014. Enyere ihe nrite a na 2019 dị ka akụkụ nke 15th Annual Goldie Literary Awards nke otu United States naanị nwere mmasị na edemede, Golden Crown Literary Society (GCLS). [5]
Nnukwu ọrụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ogidi akwụkwọ akụkọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
N'ime July 1945 ruo March 1954, Shockley rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ na-akwụghị ụgwọ . O nwere ọtụtụ ọrụ na kọlụm akwụkwọ akụkọ edepụtara na Louisville Defender, Fisk University Herald, Federalsburg [MD] Times, na Bridgeville [DE] News nke gbadoro ụkwụ na isi okwu na obodo Africa-American na obodo LGBT . [6] Enwere ike ịchọta ihe odide ya n'okpuru "Ọkachasị Teen Talk", "Duffy's Corner", na "Ebony's Topics". [6]
Isi isiokwu na ọrụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, homophobia, na mmekọahụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
N'ime ọtụtụ n'ime ihe odide ya, Shockey na-enyocha ịkpa ókè agbụrụ nke oge a na mgba nke ịbụ onye Afrika-America kwa ụbọchị. Ọ na-edekarị banyere ụmụ nwanyị LGBT+ nọ n'obodo ndị America America ma na-eche mmegbu ugboro atọ ihu. N'ịde na isiokwu ndị a, Shockley nwere olile anya ime ka ndị mmadụ n'ime obodo Africa-America ghọta myirịta ha yana ndịiche.
Akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, Ịhụ Ya n'anya, bụ nke mbụ n'ụdị ya ka ọ na-arụ ọrụ iji kwado ịhụnanya nwoke na nwanyị. [7] Ọ bụkwa akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ iji nwanyị, otu nwoke na-ahụ n'anya / nwanyị nwere mmasị nwanyị, onye amụma Africa-American. Site n'omume ya Renay, onye hapụrụ di ya na-akparị nwanyị ọcha, nwanyị bara ọgaranya, Shockley na-enyocha ihe ịbụ onye Afrika America, nwanyị na nwoke idina nwoke dị ka America na narị afọ nke iri abụọ, onye ọ na-agbalị ime ka ọ "nhazi". [8] Na nchịkọta akụkọ ya dị mkpirikpi, The Black and White of It, Shockley na-emezikwa nwanyị nwanyị African-American dị ka ndị isi ihe odide, na-eji ụmụ nwanyị na-eme nke ọma bụ ndị ọkachamara na ndị siri ike na ọdịdị ihu na-alụ ọgụ na mmekọahụ. Na "Play ya mana ekwula ya", Shockley debere nwanyị Congress ka ọ bụrụ onye na-akwado ya, na na "Holly Craft Isn't Gay", agwa ahụ, onye na-abụ abụ na-aga nke ọma, na-aga n'ihu n'ịgbalị ịmụ nwa iji nweta nwa. pụtara kwụ ọtọ. [1] Kwuo Jizọs na Bịakwute m na-arụ ọrụ na-emegidekwa mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị, n'agbanyeghị na ọ na-akatọ ụka nke ukwuu, isiokwu a na-enyochabeghị n'ịhụnanya ya ma ọ bụ Black na White nke ya . Ọrụ enweghị akụkọ ifo nke Shockley dị ka ngalaba ya na Home Girls: A Black Feminist Anthology deziri nke Barbara Smith na-echekwa otu okwu ndị a metụtara mmekọahụ na obodo Africa-American.
Nkatọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
The Black and White of It (1980), ọ bụ ezie na a na-amaghị nke ọma, natara nzaghachi ka mma site n'aka ndị nkatọ yana nchịkọta akụkọ ya dị mkpirikpi Say Jesus and Come to Me (1982). Kwuo Jesus na Bịakwute M karịsịa ka ekwuru ka ewebata ma mata àgwà nke na-enweghị ihe nnọchiteanya na pụtara na Christopher Street bestseller list, Otú ọ dị, a ka na-akatọ Shockley maka ụdị edemede ya na enweghị nhazi na akụkọ. Nchịkọta ahụ na-elekwasị anya na agwa Reverend Black, nwanyị nwanyị nwanyị dị afọ iri anọ na-agbalị izochi mmekọahụ ya. Shockley kwuru na ya dere mpempe akwụkwọ a iji mee ka a ghọta omume ihu abụọ nke ndị ụka ojii na-emenye ndị na-edina ụdị onwe ha ma na-ekere òkè n'omume ndị ọzọ niile e weere dị ka mmehie. [8]
Ọ bụ ezie na ndị odee dị ka Alice Walker ghọtara, onye nyere ịhụnanya ya otuto na nyocha ya nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na 1974 [9] yana Nellie McKay na Rita B. Dandridge bụ ndị kwetara na onye edemede ahụ, a na-elegharakarị ọrụ akụkọ ifo Shockley anya site n'aka ndị ahụ. igwe mmadụ ma ọ bụrụ na a naghị akatọ ya. Shockley n'onwe ya na-ekwu na enweghị nnabata a n'ihi isiokwu ọ na-ede banyere ya. [1] Ọ na-azọrọ na ọrụ na-ekwu banyere isiokwu ndị nwanyị nwere mmasị nwanyị dị ụkọ n'oge ahụ, n'ihi na ọtụtụ ndị nkwusa enweghị mmasị na ndị edemede na-atụ egwu ịnakwere mmekọahụ nke ha iji kwado maka mbipụta. [10]
Akwụkwọ akụkọ apụtala na-ekwu na Shockley na-agbagwoju anya ịhụ n'anya nwoke na nwanyị yana na-akpaghasị ya site na njirimara ya nke ndị Africa-America bụ ndị na-abụkwa nwoke idina nwoke. Tinyere nke a, ụfọdụ na-arụrịta ụka na Shockley na-eji ọtụtụ nkọwapụta n'edemede ya, nwere nhọrọ na-adịghị mma, na ọ naghị arụ ọrụ iji lụso echiche efu na-emekarị gbasara mmasị nwanyị ojii. N'akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, Ịhụ Ya n'anya, onye bụ isi, Renay, na-ahọrọ ibi ndụ ya dị ka nwanyị nwanyị nwere mmasị nwanyị mana ọ ka na-eme echiche dị iche iche dị iche iche banyere ịhụnanya, nke na-arụ ọrụ megidere ebumnuche Shockley nke ikpughe ihe mmekọrịta nwoke na nwanyị dị n'ezie na njedebe nke iri abụọ. - narị afọ. Otú ọ dị, dị ka akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ nke na-anọchite anya mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị abụọ, Ịhụ Ya n'anya adịghị adị n'ime usoro akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ọ nwere ike bụrụ nzaghachi satirical na ya, ya mere a na-atụgharị ya mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka ihe na-akwado echiche nke heteronormative na ịkpa ókè agbụrụ. gbasara mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị na ụmụ nwanyị ojii, karịa akụkụ nwere ike ịmata onwe ya. Ka o sina dị, akwụkwọ akụkọ ifo a ka na-ekweta-nke bụ otu n'ime ụdị mbụ ya.
Hụkwa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Akwukwo Ojii Lesbian
- Akwụkwọ ndị nwanyị nwere mmasị nwanyị
Ntụaka[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Nelson (1999). Contemporary African American Novelists: A Bio-bibliographical Critical Sourcebook (in en). Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 9780313305016. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":1" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Shockley (1965). "The Negro Woman in Retrospect: Blueprint for the Future". Negro History Bulletin 29 (3): 55–70. ISSN 0028-2529.
- ↑ Shockley (1972). "Pauline Elizabeth Hopkins: A Biographical Excursion into Obscurity". Phylon 33 (1): 22–26. DOI:10.2307/273429. ISSN 0031-8906.
- ↑ Shockley (1974). "American Anti~Slavery Literature: An Overview~1693-1859". Negro History Bulletin 37 (3): 232–235. ISSN 0028-2529.
- ↑ Society. Winners Announced for 15th Annual Golden Crown Literary Society (GCLS) Awards (en). www.prnewswire.com. Retrieved on 2020-11-03.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Dandridge (1987). "Gathering Pieces: A Selected Bibliography of Ann Allen Shockley". Black American Literature Forum 21 (1/2): 133–146. DOI:10.2307/2904425.
- ↑ Melancon (2008). "Towards an Aesthetic of Transgression: Ann Allen Shockley's "Loving Her" and the Politics of Same-Gender Loving". African American Review 42 (3/4): 643–657. ISSN 1062-4783.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Dandridge (1984). "Shockley, The Iconoclast". Callaloo (22): 160–164. DOI:10.2307/2930483.
- ↑ Melancon (Fall–Winter 2008). "Towards an Aesthetic of Transgression: Ann Allen Shockley's 'Loving Her' and the Politics of Same-Gender Loving". African American Review.
- ↑ Smith (2000). Home Girls: A Black Feminist Anthology (in en). Rutgers University Press. ISBN 978-0-8135-2753-6.