Arthur Flowers

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Arthur Flowers
Mmádu
ụdịekerenwoke Dezie
Aha enyereArthur Dezie
aha ezinụlọ yaFlowers Dezie
Ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya1951, 1950 Dezie
Ebe ọmụmụMemphis Dezie
Ọrụ ọ na-arụOdee akwụkwọ, ode akwukwo ifo, academic Dezie

Arthur R. Flowers, Jr. (amụrụ n'afọ 1950) bụ onye America na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ, onye na-ede ihe ncheta, na onye na-eme ihe nkiri. A maara ọrụ ya maka ilekwasị anya na ahụmịhe ndị Africa na America, ọkachasị akụkọ ọdịnala, egwu blues, na mmụọ hoodoo.

Nwa afọ Memphis, Tennessee, Flowers lụrụ agha na Agha Vietnam tupu ọ malite ọrụ edemede ya na New York City, ebe ọ bụ onye isi nchịkwa nke Harlem Writers Guild. Ọ bụ onye otu ngalaba nke Mahadum Syracuse kemgbe afọ 1996.

Flowers bi na Syracuse, New York.[1]

Akụkọ ndụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Oge ọ malitere[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Flowers bụ nwa Arthur R. Flowers, Sr., dọkịta na onye na-egwu bọọlụ nke mba, na Eloise Flowers، onye nọọsụ na onye nkuzi.[2][3] A mụrụ ya na Memphis, Tennessee, ebe ọ mikpuru onwe ya n'ime òtù American Civil Rights site na nwata. N'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, ọ zụlitere aha ọma maka ọgụgụ isi, nweta aha njirimara "Mr. Brain", na maka oke egwu, nweta aha "Bullet" n'ihi mgbọ o yi n'olu. N'afọ 1968, ọ gara okwu ikpeazụ nke Martin Luther King Jr. , wee duzie klas ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya na ngagharị iwe mgbe e gbusịrị Eze. Dị ka Flowers si kwuo, "anyị boro ndị uwe ojii ebubo ma banye n'ụdị ọgba aghara niile".[4]

Flowers sonyeere ndị agha US ma zigara ya Vietnam dị ka akụkụ nke mbọ agha America n'ebe ahụ. Na Vietnam, esemokwu ya na ndị isi mere ka ọ gaa n'ụlọ ikpe agha n'oge atọ dị iche iche.[4] Ọ kọwara òkè ya n'agha dị ka enyemaka ịgbanwe echiche ya banyere akụkọ ihe mere eme.[5]

Ọrụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Mgbe o si Vietnam lọta, Flowers kwagara New York City. O debanyere aha na John Oliver Killens, onye bụ onye nwere mmetụta na Black Arts Movement. Flowers bịara were Killens dị ka onye nduzi ya. Ọ sonyeere Harlem Writers Guild, otu ndị edemede Africa-America nke Killens guzobere.[6] Site na ndị otu ya, Flowers matara ndị edemede ndị ọzọ a ma ama n'oge ahụ, gụnyere Terry McMillan.[7] Flowers mechara bụrụ onye isi nchịkwa nke Harlem Writers Guild.[6] Mgbe e mesịrị, Flowers bụ onye guzobere, ya na Doris Jean Austin na ndị ọzọ, nke New Renaissance Writers Guild, otu na-enweghị uru nke dị na New York City. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi nchịkwa ya.[8]

N'afọ 1986, e bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ nke Flowers. A na-akpọ ya De Mojo Blues, ọ na-eso ndị agha Africa America atọ, mgbe a chụpụrụ ha n'ọrụ ha na Agha Vietnam, na-anwa ime mgbanwe na ndụ ndị nkịtị na United States. N'ikwu na a "depụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ nke ọma mgbe ụfọdụ", Publishers Weekly kwupụtara na ọ bụ "akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ sitere n'ezi obi na nke nwere ọgụgụ isi nke onye edemede na-ekwe nkwa".[9] N'ide na Essence, Paula Giddings kpọrọ ya "ile anya na-akpali akpali n'ime ụwa mmetụta uche" nke ndị edemede ya.[10] N'oge mbipụta ahụ, Flowers lụsoro ọgwụ ọjọọ riri ahụ na enweghị ebe obibi ọgụ. O kwuru na izute akwụkwọ okpukpe na ngwụcha afọ 1980 nyeere ya aka ịgbanwe ndụ ya.[4]

N'afọ 1993, akwụkwọ akụkọ nke abụọ nke Flowers, Another Good Loving Blues, pụtara. Ọ na-akọwa mmekọrịta ịhụnanya dị n'etiti onye na-eme hoodoo na onye na-agụ egwú blues ka ha na-esi Arkansas gaa Tennessee n'oge a maara dị ka Great Migration. Publishers Weekly kwupụtara na ọ bụ "mgbalị siri ike" nke a gwara na "olu na-ada ụda".[11] N'ide akwụkwọ na The New York Times, Fran Handman kpọrọ ya "akwụkwọ akụkọ mara mma, nke na-akpali akpali" nke nwere "ihe mgbu nke nghọta na-egbu mgbu".[12]

N'afọ 1996, Flowers sonyeere ngalaba nke Mahadum Syracuse, na-akụzi na Ngalaba nke English's Creative Writing Program.[13] Kemgbe ọ sonyeere ngalaba ahụ, o mepụtara akwụkwọ ncheta, Mojo Rising (2001), ọrụ gbasara mmụọ hoodoo, The Hoodoo Book of Flowers (2019), na ọrụ atọ maka ndị na-eto eto na-agụ akwụkwọ. Na mgbakwunye, o bipụtara ihe ndị sitere na akwụkwọ akụkọ nke atọ na-aga n'ihu.[14]

Ọrụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ụdị ejiji[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  Ihe odide Flowers bụ nke a na-ahụ site na lyricism na-adabere na blues na njikọta nke olumba na African-American Vernacular English.[15] Ọrụ ya na-emeghe site na ịkpọku onwe onye, na-eme ka mmasị ya na omenala ịkọ akụkọ ọnụ na mmụọ hoodoo pụta ìhè. Arịrịọ ndị a, site n'ịmata Flowers n'onwe ya dị ka onye na-akọ akụkọ ya, na-egosikwa mmasị ya na usoro akụkọ ifo.[16] Flowers akpọwo ụzọ o si eme ihe n'ọrụ ya "akwụkwọ hoodoo".[17]

Dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri, Flowers emeela ihe ọ kpọrọ "omume dabeere na blues nke gbanwere n'ime arụmọrụ griotic" nke dabere na usoro ịkọ akụkọ ọdịnala nke Africa.[18]

Ndị ọkà mmụta lekwasịrị anya na akwụkwọ akụkọ Flowers na nchegbu ha gbasara asụsụ, ọdịnala ọdịbendị, na ọrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya.

Onye ọkà mmụta Keith Gilyard ekwuola na Flowers, na De Mojo Blues, na-egosi na "uru nke nkà asụsụ" dị mkpa maka mmepe nke ọdịbendị ndị Africa America, na-agbasa isiokwu nke na-agafe ọtụtụ akụkọ ifo ndị Africa America.[19] A na-eji nkà asụsụ eme ihe iji chekwaa ma kwalite obodo ndị Africa America nke nwere nchegbu dị mkpa nke Flowers na ọganihu dabere na nchekwa nke akụkọ ihe mere eme na ọdịnala, dịka ọkà mmụta Patricia Schroeder kwuru. Schroeder na-ezo aka na Another Good Loving Blues dị ka ihe atụ nke mmasị Flowers na njikọ na akụkọ ihe mere eme na obodo, ma site na echiche ya banyere ihe odide ya ma site na nhazi akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ, nke ọ na-eji tụnyere abụ oku na nzaghachi ọdịnala.[17] N'otu aka ahụ, onye ọkà mmụta Kameelah Martin enyochaala ebumnuche Flowers, na Another Good Loving Blues, iji jikọta ma mee ka ọdịnala ọdịnala ọdịbendị Africa America dị mkpa: hoodoo na blues.[20]

Nchegbu Flowers nwere maka ọdịnala na obodo na-emesi nchegbu ya siri ike maka ọrụ ọha na eze ike, nchegbu nke ebumnuche ya, dị ka Gilyard si kwuo, "mepụta akụkọ ifo nke oge a site na ọdịbendị ndị Africa America" na ịgbanwe akụkọ, ọdịnala, na ebe dị mkpa maka obodo ndị Africa America n'ime ihe Deborah Smith Pollard kpọrọ "Okporo ala ndị Africa na America".[19][21] Site n'itinye omenala na ebe ndị a na mkpa ime mmụọ, ọrụ Flowers na-emesi mkpa ọ dị ichekwa na ịzụlite ha site na itinye aka na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.[8]

Mmetụta[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Flowers kwuru na mmetụta nke John Oliver Killens na ọrụ ya. O kwukwara banyere mmetụta na ọrụ ya nke ọdịnala akụkọ akụkọ ọdịnala nke Afrịka.[6] Ndị ọkà mmụta na ndị nkatọ ekwuola na mmetụta Zora Neale Hurston na Ishmael Reed, n'etiti ndị ọzọ, nwere n'ọrụ ya.[8]

Akwụkwọ ndị a họọrọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Akwụkwọ akụkọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  • Site na Mojo Blues: Site na Quest of HighJohn nke Conqueror. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
  • Ezigbo Blues ọzọ. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]  ISBN 9780670848218

Ihe ncheta[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  • Mojo Rising: Nkwupụta nke onye mgbaasị nke narị afọ nke 21. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]  ISBN 978-0971581609

Akụkọ na-abụghị akụkọ ifo[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  • The Hoodoo Book of Flowers: The Great Black Book of Generations. Rootwork Press, 2019.  ISBN 978-1734101911

Maka ndị na-eto eto na-agụ akwụkwọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Nsọpụrụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Flowers enwetala nsọpụrụ ndị a maka ọrụ ya:

  • New York Foundation for the Arts Fellowship in Fiction (1985)[22]
  • National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship (1991)[23]
  • New York Foundation for the Arts Fellowship na Nonfiction (1999)[22]
  • New York Foundation for the Arts Fellowship in Fiction (2008)[22]
  • Idebe Blues Alive Award nke The Blues Foundation (2008)[24]

E meela ka ọrụ Flowers bụrụ akụkọ ihe mere eme na Breaking Ice: Anthology of Contemporary African-American Fiction na Gumbo: Anthology nke African American Writing, n'etiti akụkọ ihe mere anya ndị ọzọ.[25][26] Ọ bụ prọfesọ nleta ma ọ bụ ọkà okwu n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ. Tụkwasị na nke a, ọ bụ onye ọkà okwu a kpọrọ òkù na mmemme edemede, gụnyere Jaipur Literature Festival na India, Indian Summer Festival na Canada, na Memphis Literary Arts Festival.[27][28][29]

Mmetụta ọdịbendị[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Flowers bụ onye ndụmọdụ maka ihe nkiri Spike Lee nke 2020 banyere ndị agha Vietnam, Da 5 Bloods.[30] E were ya n'ọrụ mgbe Lee zutere akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ nke Flowers, De Mojo Blues.[31]

Ihe odide[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  1. ↑ Arthur Flowers. aalbc.com. Archived from the original on May 13, 2016. Retrieved on 2021-02-21.
  2. ↑ Truscorf. "Bridge (Published 1975)", The New York Times, 1975-08-15. Retrieved on 2021-02-21. (in en-US)
  3. ↑ a praisesong for eloise and the sorrowsong of a reluctant patriarch. rootwork the rootsblog: a cyberhoodoo webspace. Retrieved on 2021-02-21.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Sprout (2015-01-20). SU professor Flowers reflects on activism influenced by Martin Luther King Jr. (en-US). The Daily Orange. Archived from the original on January 20, 2015. Retrieved on 2021-02-21.
  5. ↑ "The Past as Poetry", The Hindu, 2016-09-06. Retrieved on 2021-02-21. (in en-IN)
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Interview With Writer & Performance Poet Arthur Flowers (en). Words With Writers (2011-06-05). Archived from the original on June 12, 2011. Retrieved on 2021-02-21.
  7. ↑ Nunez (2016-12-14). Widening the Path: The Importance of Publishing Black Writers (en). Poets & Writers. Archived from the original on December 28, 2019. Retrieved on 2021-02-21.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 (2001) in Andrews: The Concise Oxford Companion to African American Literature. New York: Oxford University Press, 143–144. OCLC 931715481. 
  9. ↑ Review of De Mojo Blues. Publishers Weekly. Archived from the original on August 13, 2020. Retrieved on 2021-02-24.
  10. ↑ (1999) in Nelson: Contemporary African American Novelists: A Bio-Bibliographical Critical Sourcebook. Westport: Greenwood Press, 156. ISBN 0-313-00767-5. OCLC 51954394. 
  11. ↑ Review: Another Good Loving Blues. Publishers Weekly (February 1, 1993). Retrieved on 2021-02-21.
  12. ↑ Handman. "IN SHORT: FICTION (Published 1993)", The New York Times, 1993-03-07. Retrieved on 2021-02-21. (in en-US)
  13. ↑ Arthur Flowers, Syracuse, New York (en-US). Blues Foundation. Retrieved on 2021-02-21.
  14. ↑ Haas. Review of Salt Hill - 2015 (en-gb). www.newpages.com. Archived from the original on September 8, 2015. Retrieved on 2021-02-21.
  15. ↑ Review of Brer Rabbit Retold. Publishers Weekly (August 14, 2017). Retrieved on 2021-02-21.
  16. ↑ Jablon (1997). Black Metafiction: Self-Consciousness in African American Literature. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 76. ISBN 0-87745-560-0. OCLC 35593640. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Schroeder (2002). "Rootwork: Arthur Flowers, Zora Neale Hurston, and the "Literary Hoodoo" Tradition". African American Review 36 (2): 263–272. DOI:10.2307/1512259. ISSN 1062-4783. 
  18. ↑ The Afrofuturist Healers: Arthur Flowers, Sheree Renée Thomas, and Kelechi Ubozoh on Past, Present, and Future Healing (en). TriQuarterly. Retrieved on 2021-02-21.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Gilyard (1996). Let's Flip the Script: An African American Discourse on Language, Literature, and Learning. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 45, 50. ISBN 978-0-8143-3679-3. OCLC 849944661. 
  20. ↑ Martin (2013). Conjuring Moments in African American Literature: Women, Spirit Work, and Other Such Hoodoo. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-137-33681-1. OCLC 834097174. 
  21. ↑ Pollard (2000). "African-American Holyground in Another Good Loving Blues". CLA Journal 44 (1): 65–87. ISSN 0007-8549. 
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 Fellows Directory. New York Foundation for the Arts. Archived from the original on January 22, 2021. Retrieved on February 21, 2021.
  23. ↑ Literature Fellowships (en). National Endowment for the Arts. Archived from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved on 2021-02-21.
  24. ↑ STLBlues :: A Blues eZine - The Keeping the Blues Alive Awards. www.stlblues.net (2008). Archived from the original on November 16, 2007. Retrieved on 2021-02-21.
  25. ↑ (1990) in McMillan: Breaking Ice: An Anthology of Contemporary African-American Fiction. New York: Penguin Books, 265–273. ISBN 0-14-011697-4. OCLC 20933714. 
  26. ↑ (2002) in Golden: Gumbo: An Anthology of African American Writing. New York: Harlem Moon, 572–578. ISBN 0-7679-1041-9. OCLC 49775418. 
  27. ↑ Kolkata: New York's Times Square Squared in Author's Eyes (en). The Indian Express (2009-02-03). Retrieved on 2021-02-21.
  28. ↑ Arthur Flowers (en-US). Indian Summer Festival. Retrieved on 2021-02-21.
  29. ↑ Burch. Memphis Literary Arts Festival: Not your traditional book festival (en-US). The Commercial Appeal. Retrieved on 2021-02-21.
  30. ↑ English Professor Consults on Spike Lee Film (en-us). College of Arts & Sciences at Syracuse University. Retrieved on 2021-02-21.
  31. ↑ Arthur Flowers (en-US). Disquiet International (2020-06-29). Retrieved on 2021-02-21.

Ịgụ ihe ọzọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  • Gilyard, Keith, Let's Flip the Script: An African American Discourse on Language, Literature, and Learning, Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1996.  ISBN 0-8143-2645-5
  • Gussow, Adam, yiri igbu ọchụ ebe a: Southern Violence and the Blues Tradition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002.  ISBN 0-226-31097-3
  • Jablon, Madelyn, Black Metafiction: Self-Consciousness in African American Literature, Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1997.  ISBN 0-87745-560-0
  • Martin, Reginald, "Interview with Arthur Flowers, October 26, 2010," Journal of Ethnic American Literature, mbipụta 1, 2011.  ISSN 2159-6786

Njikọ mpụga[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  • Rootwork.com Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Flowers maka The Hoodoo Book of Flowers
  • Arthur Flowers Syracuse University faculty page
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