Asụsụ Irantxe
| Irántxe Manoki, Mỹky | ||
|---|---|---|
| Spoken in: | Brazil | |
| Region: | Mato Grosso | |
| Total speakers: | 90, including 10 Irántxe proper | |
| Language family: | unclassified | |
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1: | none | |
| ISO 639-2: | — | |
| ISO 639-3: | irn | |
| Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. | ||
Irántxe (Irántxe, Iranxe, Iranshe) /iˈīːntʃeɪ/, nke a makwaara dị ka Myky ma ọ bụ Irántxe-M__, bụ asụsụ ụmụ amaala nke ndị Irántxe na-asụ (Iránxe, Iranche, Manoki, Munku) na Mỹky (mynky, , Munku, Menku, Kenku, Myy) na steeti Mato Grosso na Brazil. Nkọwa ndị na-adịbeghị anya nke asụsụ ahụ na-enyocha ya dị ka asụsụ dịpụrụ adịpụ, n'ihi na ọ "enweghị ihe yiri ezinụlọ asụsụ ndị ọzọ" (Arruda 2003). Monserrat (2010) bụ ụtọ asụsụ a tụlere nke ọma.
Ndụ na olumba[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Dị ka UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger si kwuo, Irántxe-Mỹky anaghị enwe ọganihu ugbu a. Ọ bụ ezie na a na-ewere ire okwu Mỹky dị ka "ihe na-adịghị ike", a na-ele ụdị Irántxe anya dị ka "nke nọ n'ihe ize ndụ nke ukwuu", naanị ndị na-asụ ya nke ọma n'ime 356 agbụrụ Irántxe-Mỹky na akụkọ 2006. Ka ọ na-erule n'afọ 2011, ndị Irántxe 280 ejikọtala na omenala Brazil. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-asụ otu asụsụ na Portuguese, ndị fọdụrụ na-asụrụ na Irántxe karịrị afọ 50. Otú ọ dị, otu ìgwè nke kewara ekewa, ndị Mỹky, kwagara iji zere mkpakọrịta, ma kewapụ ha ruo n'afọ 1971. Ka ọ na-erule n'afọ 2011, e nwere agbụrụ Myky iri asatọ, ha niile na-asụ asụsụ ahụ.
Asụsụ na ebe: [1]
- Asụsụ Irántxe: a na-asụ ya n'obodo Cravari, n'Osimiri Cravari (nke na-esite na Osimiri Do Sangue) na obodo Diamantino, Mato Grosso.
- Misky dialect: a na-asụ ya n'otu obodo dịpụrụ adịpụ na isi mmiri nke Escondido Creek, na obodo Brasnorte, Mato Grosso steeti.
Mmekọrịta asụsụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
(2016) na-ekwu na e nwere myirịta okwu na asụsụ ndị sitere na Ezinụlọ Arawak, Tupi, Chapakura-Wañam, Nambikwara, na Yanomami, ma eleghị anya n'ihi kọntaktị.
Nnyocha kọmputa na-akpaghị aka (ASJP 4) nke Müller et al. (2013) [2] chọpụtakwara myirịta okwu n'etiti Irántxe-Mỹky na Nambikwaran.
Ọmụmụ ụdaolu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Enweghị data fonetiki metụtara asụsụ Irántxe-Mỹky. Nkọwa ụdaume nke Inrátxe-Mỹky dabeere na nyocha nke ndị edemede a kpọtụrụ aha.
Mkpụrụ okwu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Irántxe-Mỹky nwere obere ndepụta nke ụdaume. Nkwupụta abụghị ihe dị iche maka ụdaume ọ bụla. Na nyocha Monserrat gosipụtara na tebụl ahụ, enwere usoro nkwụsịtụ /pj tj kj/ na imi /mj nj/, nke onye nyocha D"Angelis (2011) na-enyocha dị ka /Cj/ usoro. Na nyocha Monserrat, /ʃ/ bụ ụdaume dị iche site na /sj/.
Mgbanwe nke ụdaolu[3][dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Okwu bilabial /m/ nwere ike ịpụta dị ka [mb] na mbido, ọkachasị n'etiti Irántxe: Muha [mbuhu], mjehy [mbjɛhɨ].
- A na-akpọpụta sibilant /s/ [ʃ] tupu /j/.
- Trill /r/ nwekwara ike ịpụta dị ka [l].
- Ọnụ /j/ na-apụta dị ka [ɲ] n'ihu ụdaume imi.
Mkpụrụedemede[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ndepụta ụdaume nke Irántxe-Mỹky buru ibu, nwere ụdaume ụdaume 21. imi="162" href="./Vowel_length" id="mwgQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Vowel length">Ogologo ụdaume na nasalization dị iche na asụsụ ahụ. Ọrụ nke ụda olu edoghị anya.
| N'ihu | N'etiti | Ịlaghachi azụ | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N'akụkụ | I. Ọ bụ: | ɨ ɨ̃ ɨː | u ũ uː |
| N'etiti | ɛ̃ ɛː | ə̃ əː | ɔ̃ ɔː |
| Emeghe | a na-akpọ aː |
N'ọtụtụ okwu, /ə/ na-agbanwe agbanwe na /ɛ/.
Ụdị mkpụrụedemede kachasị elu nwere ike ịbụ CVC ma ọ bụ CjVC okwu-etiti, dabere na nyocha ahụ. Okwu-n'ikpeazụ, ọ bụ naanị CV ~ CjV syllables na-apụta.
Orthography[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Onye ọkà mmụta asụsụ Ruth Monserrat, ya na onye na-asụ asụsụ Beth Jurusi, mepụtara usoro maka ịsụ asụsụ Mỹky. [1]
Akwụkwọ Nsọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Loukotka (1968) depụtara ihe ndị na-esonụ dị mkpa maka ire okwu Irántxe, [4] e mesịrị gbasaa na ndepụta okwu buru ibu nke Holland (1960). [5] Okwu Mỹky sitere [1] akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu nke Monserrat chịkọtara.
Edensibia[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
omenala Brazil. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-asụ otu asụsụ na Portuguese, ndị fọdụrụ na-asụrụ na Irántxe karịrị afọ 50. Otú ọ dị, otu ìgwè nke kewara
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Monserrat, Ruth Maria Fonini and Elizabeth R. Amarante. 1995. Dicionário Mỹky-Português. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Sepeei/SR-5/UFRJ. 48 f.
- ↑ Müller, André, Viveka Velupillai, Søren Wichmann, Cecil H. Brown, Eric W. Holman, Sebastian Sauppe, Pamela Brown, Harald Hammarström, Oleg Belyaev, Johann-Mattis List, Dik Bakker, Dmitri Egorov, Matthias Urban, Robert Mailhammer, Matthew S. Dryer, Evgenia Korovina, David Beck, Helen Geyer, Pattie Epps, Anthony Grant, and Pilar Valenzuela. 2013. ASJP World Language Trees of Lexical Similarity: Version 4 (October 2013).
- ↑ Monserrat (2000). A língua do povo Mỹky. Campinas: Curt Nimendajú, 186–196.
- ↑ Loukotka (1968). Classification of South American Indian languages. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center.
- ↑ Holanda Pereira, Adalberto. 1960. Vocabulário da língua dos índios irántxe. Revista de Antropologia 12:105-115.
Ịgụ ihe ọzọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Iranxe: Notas Grammaticais na Lista Vocabular. (Mbupụta: Série Diversos Lingüística, 2.) Brazil: National Museum, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro.
- [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Mỹky-Portuguese. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Sepeei/SR-5/UFRJ.
- [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 2010. Asụsụ ndị Myky. Campinas: Editora Curt Nimuendajú. ISBN 9788599944189
- [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 2011. Nnyocha nke Monserrat (2010). LIAMES - Asụsụ Ndị Amerindian, Mpịakọta 10.
- [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 2009. Akụkọ Banyere Irántxe na Myky.
- Fabre, Alain 2005. Diccionario etnolinguístico na akwụkwọ ntuziaka nke ụmụ amaala South America: Iranxe . [1]
- Arruda, Rinaldo 2003. Iranxe Manoki Ụlọ ọrụ mmekọrịta ọha na eze.
- Dixon & Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald (ed.), Asụsụ Amazonian. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. ISBN 0-521-57021-2.
- Sax. "Only 8 People in This Indigenous Tribe Still Speak Their Native Language. The Amazon Fires May Wipe It Out Completely.", Vice, 2019-09-18. (in en)
Àtụ:Languages of BrazilÀtụ:Language familiesÀtụ:South American languages