Asụsụ Lele (Chad)

Lele
Lele
A mụrụ ya	Chad
Ndị na-asụ asụsụ ala	(26,000 e depụtara na 1991)
Ezinụlọ asụsụ	Ndị Afrịka na Eshia Chadic Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Chadic Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Chadic A Nancere (A.2.1) Lele; ; ; ; ;
Koodu asụsụ
ISO 639-3	lln
Glottolog	lele1276

↑ Lele at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)

Lele bụ asụsụ East Chadic a na-asụ na mpaghara Tandjilé, na ngalaba Tandjilée Ouest, n'ebe ndịda Kélo . ^[1]

Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

Mkpụrụedemede

Lele nwere ụdaume ise dị n'okpuru. Mkpụrụedemede dị n'etiti dị ala karịa n'etiti. ^[2] niile nwere ike ịnwe ogologo ọdịiche.

E nwere ụfọdụ asymmetries na ndepụta ụdaume Lele.

Asụsụ

Aha

Aha ^[2] nke nwoke ma ọ bụ nke nwanyị, mana enweghị akara ọdịdị nke okike na aha.:: 55 A na-ahụ ọdịiche a naanị na usoro nkwekọrịta (okike zoro ezo). Naanị obere aha ka a na-akara maka ọtụtụ: nnukwu anụmanụ, okwu ikwu na ihe ole na ole na-adịghị ndụ. ^[2] na-akara aha dị iche iche n'ụzọ dịgasị iche iche gụnyere nsonaazụ /-e/ ma ọ bụ /-anyị/ na infix /-a-/ .^[2]:: 56 E nwere aha atọ nwere ụdị ọtụtụ na-adịghị mma: "nwaanyị", "hen" na "onye".: 58

E nwere ọdịiche dị n'etiti ihe a na-apụghị iwepụ na ihe a na'apụghị iwepu na ahịrịokwu aha. N'ihe onwunwe a na-apụghị ịnapụ mmadụ, a na-eji nsonaazụ na aha na-egosi onye nwe ya (nsonaazụ nkwekọrịta onye nwe ya). ^[2]'ọtụtụ ihe onwunwe a na-apụghị ịnapụ mmadụ ihe niile, a na-edepụta onye nwe ya site na okwu nnọchiaha na-esote aha.: 61

Ngwaa

Usoro ọnọdụ-ọdịdị-ọnọdụ na-agụnye ụdị okwu anọ a na-akpọ "oge gara aga", "ọdịnihu", "aha" na "ihe dị mkpa". Ụdị "nke gara aga" na-enwekarị ụdaume /i/. Ụdị "ọdịnihu" na "aha" nwere ụdaume ikpeazụ /e/. A na-ekewa ha n'etiti onwe ha site na ụda dị elu na nkeji okwu mbụ nke ụdị "ọdịnihu". Ụdị imperative ^[2]-enwekarị ụdaume /a/ ma ọ bụ /u/ .: 44

Ụfọdụ ngwaa nwekwara ụdị otutu nke a na-egosi site na nsonaazụ /-wi/ ma ọ bụ ụdaume mbido. ^[2] ọtụtụ nke ngwaa nwere ike igosi ọtụtụ ihe omume, ọtụtụ isiokwu na-adịghị agafe agafe, ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ ihe.:: 164 ">: 124 Verbs nwekwara ike ịgbanwe site na adverbs, gụnyere klas nke ideophones, ^[2]: 164 site na akara "ventive" (nke sitere na ngwaa "na-abịa") na-esote ngwaa, ma ọ bụ akara "inceptive" (nke si na ngwaa ""hapụ") na-ebute ngwaa.

Aha nnọchiaha

Usoro ntụaka ahụ na-eme ka ọdịiche dị n'ụzọ iri. A na-ekewapụta nwoke na nwanyị na nnọchiaha nke abụọ na nke atọ. Onye mbụ na-abụghị otu nnọchiaha gụnyere ụdị abụọ na-agụnye, ụdị ọtụtụ na-agụpụta, na ụdị ọtụtụ. Ụdị ọnụọgụgụ ^[2] nnọchiaha bimorphemic nke jikọtara ụdị ọnụọgụ abụọ nke onye mbụ na ụdị ọnụọụọgụ nke onye nke abụọ.: 100

Usoro okwu

N'okwu na-anọpụ iche, arụmụka aha na-apụta n'usoro okwu SVO. Otú ọ dị, nnọchiaha onye nke atọ na-agbaso ngwaa.

Edensibia

abụghị otu nnọchiaha gụnyere ụdị abụọ na-agụnye, ụdị ọtụtụ na-agụpụta, na ụdị ọtụtụ. Ụdị ọnụọgụgụTempleeti:East Chadic languages

Akwụkwọ

Cope, Pamela Simons. 1993. Ọtụtụ n'ime Lele. JWAL 23 (1)
Cope, Pamela Simons na Donald A. Burquest. 1986. Ụfọdụ okwu banyere nasalization na Lele. JWAL 16 (2)
Cope (2010). Dictionnaire lélé-français : suivi d'un index français-lélé. Essai de description lexicale de la langue tchadique parlée dans la région de Kélo, Tchad, Nicolas Quint (in fr), Paris: L'Harmattan. ISBN 978-2-296-10335-1. OCLC 608164729.
[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 1995. Abụọ complementizers na Lele. Na Ibriszimow, Dymitr na Leger, Rudolf (ed.), Studia chadica na hamitosemitica: Akten des internationalen Symposions zur Tschadsprachenforschung Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, 6.-8. Mee 1991, 163-170. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag.
[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 2001. Asụsụ Lele. Stanford: CSLI Publications.
[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 1942. Nnyocha dị mkpirikpi nke asụsụ Lélé na olumba Nantchoa. Beirut: Ụlọ obibi akwụkwọ Katọlik. 197 peeji nke
[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 1951. Ọnụ ọgụgụ na okike n'asụsụ Lélé. N'ime Akụkọ nke nzukọ mba ụwa mbụ nke ndị Africa ọdịda anyanwụ, Dakar 1945, 197-208. Dakar: Inst. Ndị France nke Africa ojii (IFAN).
[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 1982. Nwaanyị na-egosi na Lele: ihe owuwu oghere. Ọmụmụ Asụsụ Africa 13. 217-229.

Njikọ mpụga

↑ Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named e18
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 ^2.6 ^2.7 ^2.8 Frajzyngier (2001). A Grammar of Lele. Stanford, California: CSLI Publications.

[e18-1] Lele at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)

[e18-2] Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named e18

[Frajzyngier-3] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 ^2.6 ^2.7 ^2.8 Frajzyngier (2001). A Grammar of Lele. Stanford, California: CSLI Publications.

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