Asụsụ Sukuma
| Sukuma | ||
|---|---|---|
| Spoken in: | — | |
| Region: | — | |
| Total speakers: | — | |
| Language family: | Default Sukuma | |
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1: | none | |
| ISO 639-2: | — | |
| ISO 639-3: | — | |
| Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. | ||
Sukuma bụ asụsụ Bantu nke Tanzania, nke a na-asụ n'ógbè ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Ọdọ Mmiri Victoria n'etiti Mwanza, Shinyanga, nakwa Ọdọ Mmị Eyasi.[1]
Orthography ya na-eji edemede Roman na-enweghị mkpụrụ edemede pụrụ iche, nke yiri nke a na-eji maka Swahili, a na-ejikwa ya maka nsụgharị Bible na akwụkwọ okpukpe.[2][3]
Asụsụ (KɪmunaSukuma na ọdịda anyanwụ, GɪmunaNtuzu/GɪnaNtuzu na n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ, na Jìnàkɪ̀yâ/JimunaKɪɪyâ na ndịda ọwụwa Anyanwụ) na-aghọta ibe ha n'ụzọ dị mfe.[4]
Ọmụmụ ụdaolu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
E nwere àgwà ụdaume asaa, nke na-apụta ogologo na mkpirikpi:[5]
| N'ihu | Central | Nlaghachi | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Elu | i iː | u uː | |
| Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ elu | ɪ ɪː | ʊ ʊː | |
| N'etiti | e eː | o oː | |
| Ala Dị Ala | a aː |
/ɪ ʊ/, which are written ⟨ĩ ũ⟩, may be closer to [e o], and /e o/ may be closer to [ɛ ɔ].
Sukuma agafeela Iwu Dahl (ɪdàtʊ́ 'atọ', site na proto-Bantu -tatʊ) ma nwee ụdaolu na-enweghị olu.
Ọ bụghị ihe doro anya ma //c ɟ// kwesịrị ka a na-ewere ya dị ka nkwụsị ma ọ bụ affricates dị ka //tʃ dʒ// ma ọ bụ ma ha bụ ọbụna palatal.
Mkpụrụ okwu bụ V ma ọ bụ CV. E nwere ụda anọ na ụdaume dị mkpirikpi: elu, ala, ịrị elu, na ịda.
Asụsụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Nkọwa na-esonụ dabere na olumba JinaKɪɪya. Otu n'ime njirimara nke olumba ahụ bụ na a na-eme ka prefixes aha-class ndị dị n'okpuru Iwu Dahl dị ka ụdaume a na-ekwupụta ma yabụ ha anaghịzi agbanwe.
Nkwekọrịta aha[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
A na-agbakwunye prefixes aha Sukuma site na prefixes a-, ɪ-, ʊ-, nke a na-ahapụ na ụfọdụ ihe owuwu. Ụdị aha nakwa nkwekọrịta ha na-akpata bụ ndị a, na ụdị ndị a kwadoro n'asụsụ ndị ọzọ a na-agbakwunye na parentheses:[6][5]
Ọtụtụ okwu ndị ikwu nwere ụdị dị ala nke prefixes aha, efu na βa-, a na-akpọ klas 1a/2a, dị ka na mààyʊ̂ 'nne', βàmààyʊ̂' 'nne'. Concord yiri aha klas-1/2 ndị ọzọ.
Otu / ọtụtụ abụọ bụ 1/2, 5/6, 7/8, 9/10, na 12/13, na klas locative 16, 17, na 18 enweghị ọtụtụ. Ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na-eji klas 6 maka ọtụtụ ha: 11/6, 14/6, 15/6, na mgbe ụfọdụ 7/6 na 12/6. E nwekwara aha ndị na-agbanwe dị ka 11/4, 11/14, 14/10, na 15/8.
Ngwaa na-enweghị njedebe nwere ụdị gʊ-object-ext-ROOT-ext-V-locative, ebe ext na-anọchite anya nke ọ bụla n'ime 'mgbatị' dị iche iche, na -V bụ ụdaume ikpeazụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na mgbọrọgwụ na-acha uhie uhie na ụda a na-ewepụ,[5]
- Nke a bụ ihe na-eme
- 'Ịkpụ ya'
- N'ihi ya, ọ ga-abụrịrị na ọ ga-eme ihe
- 'Ịkpụ ibe ha'
- Nke a bụ nsonaazụ na-etinye aka, nke a sụgharịrị dị ka 'maka'. Ntinye aha na-esote ya bụkwa ĩ agwakọtawo n'ime ihe na-enweghị njedebe.
- Ọhịa-fum-a-mo
- 'Ịpụ n'ebe ahụ'
-mo bụ locative 'n'ime', dị ka na klas 18 aha concord.
Ngwaa ndị nwere njedebe nwere ụdị isiokwu-TAM-ext-object-ROOT-ext-TAM -V. Dịka ọmụmaatụ,
- βa-lĩ-n-iiš-a
- 'Ha n'enye ya nri'
Mgbọrọgwụ iiš na-agụnye nsonaazụ na-akpata ihe. A na-eji prefix akara oge. Ihe ngosi isiokwu βa- na-egosi na isiokwu ahụ bụ ọnụọgụ mmadụ, site na tebụl aha-nkwekọrịta dị n'elu.
- o-dũ-saang-ile
- 'Ọ chọtara anyị'
N'ebe a, a na-eji nsonaazụ akara oge.
- βa-gĩ-gunaan-a
- 'Ha nyeere ibe ha aka / onwe ha'
N'ebe a, a na-agwakọta prefix na oge na reciprocal ĩ.
Asụsụ a na-asụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
A na-akọ na n'agbanyeghị na Sukuma yiri Nyamwezi nke ukwuu, ndị na-asụ ya n'onwe ha anaghị anabata na ha mejupụtara otu asụsụ.[7]
Edensibịa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- ↑ Margaret Arminel Bryan, compiler, The Bantu Languages of Africa, Oxford University Press, 1959.
- ↑ The Gospel in Many Tongues, The British and Foreign Bible Society, London, 1965.
- ↑ Kitabo sha Sala na sha Mimbo, Diochesi ya Mwanza, edited / approved by Bishop Renatus Butibubage, 1963.
- ↑ The prefixes kɪ-, gɪ-, ji- are dialectical variants.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Rahma Muhdhar, 2006, Verb Extensions in Kisukuma, Jinakiiya dialect, MS dissertation, UDSM
- ↑ Adjectival concord, possessive suffixes on nouns, subject and object suffixes on verbs, and the agreeing form of -mô 'one', -βɪ̀lɪ́ 'two', and 'this'
- ↑ The Bantu Languages of Africa, as above.