Bioengineering nke ala
Bioengineering nke ala na mmiri bụ nkuzi nke injinia obodo. Ọ na-achụso teknụzụ, gburugburu ebe obibi, akụ na ụba yana ebumnuche imepụta ihe ma na-achọ inweta ihe ndị a site na iji ihe ndị dị ndụ, ya bụ, mkpụrụ, osisi, akụkụ nke osisi na obodo osisi, ma na-eji ha n'ihe owuwu ndị dị nso na nke okike ka ha na-erigbu ikike dị iche iche dị na osisi. Bioinjinia ala nwere ike ịbụ mgbe ụfọdụ ihe na-anọchi anya ọrụ injinia oge ochie; Otú ọ dị, n'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ ọ bụ usoro bara uru na nke dị mkpa iji gbakwunye nke ikpeazụ. Mmetụta ya na-atụ aro onwe ya n'ọhịa niile nke ala na injinia mmiri, ọkachasị maka ndagwurugwu na njikwa mmiri.[1]
Bioengineering ala bụ iji ihe ọkụkụ dị ndụ na-enye ụfọdụ ọrụ injinia. bioengineering ala bụ ngwá ọrụ dị irè maka ọgwụgwọ nke saịtị dị iche iche na-adịghị akwụsi ike na / ma ọ bụ na-emebi emebi. Ejirila usoro bioengineering ala kemgbe ọtụtụ narị afọ. N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, Schiechtl (1980) agbaala ume ka e jiri ihe atụ dị iche iche nke Europe mee ihe gbasara bioengineering ala. A na-arụ ọrụ bioengineering nke ala ugbu a n'ụwa niile maka ọgwụgwọ mbuze na mkpọda na-adịghị akwụsi ike.[2][3]
Ubi nke itinye n'ọrụ na osisi maka ọrụ nchịkwa ala[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Enwere ike itinye usoro Bioengineering nke ala n'ebe ọ bụla osisi ndị a na-eji dị ka ihe owuwu dị ndụ nwere ike ito nke ọma ma too. Nke a bụ ikpe na mpaghara okpomọkụ, mpaghara okpompe na mpaghara okirikiri ebe enwere oke doro anya na mpaghara kpọrọ nkụ na oyi, ya bụ, ebe kpọrọ nkụ, ọkara kpọrọ nkụ ma nwee oyi. N'ọnọdụ ndị pụrụ iche, enweghị mmiri nwere ike ịkwụ ụgwọ site na ịgba mmiri ma ọ bụ ịgba mmiri. Na Europe, ọnọdụ ọkọchị na-egbochi itinye n'ọrụ dị na Mediterenian nakwa na mpaghara ụfọdụ dị n'ime ugwu na mpaghara snow nke ọwụwa anyanwụ Europe. Otú ọ dị, a na-etinyekarị oke na mpaghara alpine na arctic. A na-ahụkarị ihe ndị a n'ụzọ doro anya site na obere uto nke osisi (oké ọhịa, osisi na ahịrị osisi) na oke elu nke mkpuchi ahịhịa mechiri emechi. Ka mpaghara na-adịchaghị mma n'ụdị, otú ahụ ka ọ na-adighi mma maka itinye usoro bioengineering.
Ọrụ na Mmetụta nke Ihe Ndị Na-emepụta Ala[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ọrụ teknụzụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- nchebe nke ala site na mbuze nke ifufe, mmiri ozuzo, oyi na mmiri na-asọ asọ
- nchebe site na nkume ọdịda
- iwepụ ma ọ bụ ijikọta ike na-ebibi ihe
- mbelata nke ọsọ ọsọ n'akụkụ osimiri
- elu na / ma ọ bụ ala miri emi jikọtara ọnụ na nkwụsi ike
- Mmiri na-agbapụta
- nchebe pụọ n'ikuku
- na-enyere aka n'ịtọpụ snow, ájá na-agagharị agagharị
- na-eme ka ala sie ike ma si otú a gbochie mbuze
Ewezuga ndị a, ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi na-abawanye mkpa, ọkachasị dịka ndị a nwere ike imezu ruo n'ókè dị oke ala naanị site na ụlọ ọrụ injinia oge ochie.
Ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- imeziwanye usoro mmiri site n'imeziwanye ikike igbochi ala na nchekwa yana mmiri
- oriri site na osisi
- Mmiri na-asọpụta n'ala
- nchebe pụọ n'ikuku
- nchebe pụọ na mmetọ ikuku gburugburu
- imeziwanye ala site na mgbọrọgwụ nke osisi
- nguzozi nke ọnọdụ okpomọkụ na ikuku dị nso na ala na n'ime ala
- onyinyo
- imeziwanye ihe na-edozi ahụ n'ime ala na ya mere nke ala na-eme nri n'ala ndị a na-esighị esi
- nguzozi nke snow deposits
- nchebe mkpọtụ
- Mmụba nke ihe ọkụkụ na ala ubi dị nso
Ọrụ ịma mma ala[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- ọgwụgwọ nke ọnyá ndị ọdachi na ụmụ mmadụ kpatara na ala (iji ihe onwunwe ndị dị n'ala eme ihe, ọrụ iwu ihe, itinye ihe karịrị akarị, ihe ndị na-egwu ọwa, ihe ndị ụlọ ọrụ na ihe mkpofu ụlọ)
- njikọta nke ihe owuwu n'ime ala
- izochi ihe owuwu ndị na-emebi iwu
- enrichment nke ala site na ịmepụta ihe ọhụrụ na ihe owuwu, ọdịdị na agba nke ahịhịa
Mmetụta akụ na ụba[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ọrụ nchịkwa nke injinia anaghị adịkarị ọnụ ala n'iwu ihe ma e jiri ya tụnyere usoro injinia oge ochie. Otú ọ dị, mgbe a na-eburu n'uche ndụ ha gụnyere ọrụ ha na mmezi ha, ha ga-abụkarị ndị na-adịghị emefu ego. Uru ha pụrụ iche bụ:
- ọnụahịa dị ala nke iwu ụlọ ma e jiri ya tụnyere ihe owuwu "ike"
- ụgwọ mmezi dị ala na mmezigharị
- okike nke ebe ahịhịa ndụ bara uru na ọnụ ọgụgụ osisi osisi na ala a gbahapụrụ agbahapụ n'oge gara aga
- Ọ bara uru maka mmepụta ego
Nsonaazụ nke ọrụ nchekwa bioengineering nke ala bụ sistemu ndụ nke na-etolite n'ihu ma na-edobe nguzozi ha site n'usoro okike (ya bụ site na njide onwe onye siri ike, na-enweghị ntinye ike). Ọ bụrụ na a na-ahọrọ ebe obibi dị mma kamakwa ihe ndị na-adịghị ndụ na ụdị ihe owuwu kwesịrị ekwesị, enwere ike nweta nkwado dị elu nke na-achọ obere mgbalị.[4][5]
Edensibia[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- ↑ Schiechtl, H. M. (Trans. N.K. Horstmann, 1980). Bioengineering for Land Reclamation and Conservation. University of Alberta Press. Edmonton. Alberta. 404 pp.
- ↑ Gray, D.H. and A.T. Leiser. 1982. Biotechnical Slope Protection and Erosion Control. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc. Scarborough, Ontario, 271 pp. reprinted by Krieger Publishing Co. Malabar, Florida).
- ↑ Clark, J. and J. Hellin. 1996. Bio-engineering for Effective Road Maintenance in the Caribbean. Natural Resources Institute. The University of Greenwich. United Kingdom.
- ↑ Schiechtl, H.M. and R. Stem. 1996. Ground Bioengineering Techniques for Slope Protection and Erosion Control. Trans. By L. Jaklitsch. Blackwell Scientific. Oxford, U.K. 146 pp.
- ↑ Schiechtl, H.M. and R. Stem. 1997. Water Bioengineering Techniques for Watercourse, Bank and Shoreline Protection. Trans. By L. Jaklitsch. Blackwell Scientific. Oxford, U.K. 185 pp.