Bondoukou
Bondoukou (var. Bonduku, Bontuku) bụ obodo dị n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Ivory Coast, 420 kilomita n'ebe ndịda ọwụwa Anyanwụ Abidjan.[1] Ọ bụ oche nke mpaghara Zanzan na mpaghara Gontougo. Ọ bụkwa obodo na oche nke na mpaghara nke Ngalaba Bondoukou.
Bondoukou dị nso n'ókè ya na Ghana, dị n'ofe oke site n'obodo Sampa nke Ghana. Obodo ahụ dị na nkwụsị nke okporo ụzọ A1 isi, nwere okporo ụzọ Sorobango na ugwu yana Ghana n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ.
Akụkọ ihe mere eme[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
A gbahapụrụ Bighu dị ka Bakewell si kwuo, "n'ihi ọgụ siri ike n'etiti onwe ya". Bonduku ghọrọ "ebe obibi mbụ nke Bighu Juula mgbe ọdịda nke obodo ochie". "Ọ bụ ndị isi bi na Bego guzobere obodo a...ndị Hausa enyewo ya aha Bitu...na-ele ya anya dị ka onye gbanwere ọnọdụ ya. "[2]
Na mbụ ebe a na-ere ahịa Dyula, ndị Abron, ndị Akan meriri Bondoukou na mmalite narị afọ nke iri na asaa; N'oge na-adịghị anya ọ ghọrọ ebe akụ na ụba nke alaeze Gyaaman.[1] Na 13 Nọvemba 1888, onye uwe ojii France Treich-Laplène bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta nchekwa na eze Abron nke Bondoukou, mana obodo ahụ dara na Samori n'etiti Septemba 1895 na Julaị 1897, na n'adịghị ka ebe ndị dị nso, o bibighị obodo ochie ahụ, mana ọ chụpụrụ ya. Abron na-akwado Dyula Muslim. Ndị France webatara obodo ahụ na French West Africa na 1899. Ná ngwụsị nke oge ọchịchị, obodo ahụ adaala ruo nnukwu obodo, nke etiti Loti dị nso kpuchie ya. N'afọ 1964, emere ya ebe nlekọta maka mpaghara ya, yana kemgbe ọ nwetaghachiri ọkwa ya dị ka obodo kachasị ukwuu, ọ bụkwa oche nke ngalaba nchịkwa na-achị Bouna, Tanda na Bondoukou. N'afọ 1980, obodo ahụ bịara bụrụ nke ama ama dịka ụlọ nke ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị mbụ nke ụmụ akwụkwọ na-emegide gọọmentị PDCI-RDA. N'ahịrị nkewa n'etiti mpaghara gọọmentị na ndị nnupụisi nke nchịkwa n'oge Agha Obodo Ivorian, Bondoukou ghọrọ isi ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ nke United Nations Operation na Côte d'Ivoire (ONUCI).[3]
Ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi na ya[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ nke afọ 2014, obodo ahụ nwere mmadụ 117,453.[4] Nke a na-anọchite anya mmụba dị egwu site na atụmatụ 45,000 na 2005, na 60,000 na 2007.[5] Ọrụ obodo ahụ dị ka ebe azụmahịa emeela ka ọ bụrụ ebe obibi nke ndị bi na ya dị iche iche. Obodo ochie ahụ nwere mgbidi (Medina) gụnyere ndị agbata obi agbụrụ sitere n'ìgwè ndị dị anya bụ ndị bịara n'ógbè ahụ dị ka akụkụ nke netwọk azụmahịa dị anya. Ndị a gụnyere Donzoso nke Donzo-Ouattara Dyula (nke metụtara agbụrụ ndị agha Ouattara nke Alaeze Ukwu Kong), Jiminiso / Limaso nke Timité Dyula (nke bụ ebe ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị Alakụba a ma ama), mpaghara obodo ahịa Hausa nke Malagaso, yana ọtụtụ mpaghara Christian Bambaraso. Mpaghara ndị ọzọ nke ndị Alakụba, nke ọ bụla nwere onye ndú na njirimara nke ya, gụnyere Karidyulaso, Kamagaya, Koko, Hwelaso, Neneya, na Koumalaso. Mpaghara, dị ka mpaghara Abron Mont Zanzan, dị na mpụga obodo ochie ahụ, nke osimiri Wamo gbara n'ebe ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ. Osimiri Baya na-ejikọkwa mpaghara ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ.[6] Ọtụtụ mgbe ndị Alakụba, otu ọ bụla na-elekwasị anya na ụlọ alakụba nke ha, na-eme ka a na-akpọ obodo ahụ "obodo nke otu puku ụlọ alakụma".[7] N'ihi mmetụta nke ndị bi n'ebe ugwu, ọtụtụ ụlọ alakụba Bondoukou bụ ụdị ụlọ Sudan, obodo ndị dị n'ebe ndịda dị ka Timbuktu ma ọ bụ Djenne. Nke a dugara n'ịdị mkpa obodo ahụ dị ka ebe mmụta okpukpe.[8] Ndị France webatara Iso Ụzọ Kraịst, obodo ahụ bụkwa oche nke Roman Catholic Diocese nke Bondoukou. Ihe owuwu ndị a ma ama gụnyere ụlọ nke onye France na-eme nchọpụta Louis Gustave Binger, isi ụlọ ọrụ Samori, ụlọ ahịa ochie nke nwere "Bondoukou Museum of Art and Traditions" ("Musée des Arts et des Traditions"), na ụlọ alakụba Limamisso na Kamagaya. N'èzí obodo ochie ahụ, nnukwu agbata obi gụnyere "Mont Zanzan", "Lycée", "TP", na "Camp Militaire".
N'èzí obodo ahụ, saịtị akụkọ ihe mere eme gụnyere ebe mmemme Akan dị na Soko (nke dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ), ọrụ ọkpụite na Montiamo, ụlọ akụ nke onye ndu agha Abron na Wéletchéi (nke dị n'ebe ugwu), na ụlọ ọrụ ndị France na-achị na Goli (n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ). ). A makwaara obodo ahụ maka mmemme ọdịnala, gụnyere mmemme owuwe ihe ubi yam, yana Sakaraoutou (ngbapụ ndị dike) na mmemme ụmụ nwanyị Kourouby (ha abụọ na-eme ememme na njedebe nke Ramadan).[1] E wezụga ndị Diola, Mande, na ndị Akan, Ngalaba Gontougo bụ ebe ọtụtụ agbụrụ dị iche iche gụnyere Nafaanra, Koulango, na Lobi.[9] Ewezuga ndị Diola, Mande, na ndị Akan, Ngalaba Gontougo bụ ebe obibi nke ọtụtụ agbụrụ gụnyere Nafaanra, Koulango, na Lobi.
Nchịkwa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
N'afọ 1978, e mere Bondoukou otu n'ime obodo iri abụọ na asaa na-achị onwe ha na mba ahụ.[10] Na nhazi nke 2011 nke mpaghara Ivory Coast, Bondoukou ghọrọ mpaghara.
| Ụbọchị a họpụtara ya | Aha ya | Nnukwu oriri |
|---|---|---|
| 1980 | Fétigué Koulibaly | PDCI-GDR |
| 1985 | Yaya Ouattara | PDCI-GDR |
| 1990 | Lamine Ouattara | PDCI-GDR |
| 1995 | Félix Kouakou Dapa | PDCI-GDR |
| 2001 | Félix Kouakou Dapa | PDCI-GDR |
Obodo a nwere ọtụtụ ụlọ akwụkwọ (site na praịmarị ruo na post-secondary), ụlọ ọgwụ mpaghara na otu egwuregwu bọọlụ nke abụọ nke Ivorian, Scaraboutou sports de Bondoukou. Bondoukou nwere ọdụ ụgbọ elu, Soko Airport, nwere koodu IATA BDK. Na 2014, ndị bi na sub-prefecture nke Bondoukou bụ 117,453.[11]
Obodo nta[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Obodo iri abụọ na asatọ nke sub-prefecture nke Bondoukou na ndị bi na 2014 bụ:[11]
| Climate data for Bondoukou | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 33.7 (92.7) |
35.0 (95.0) |
34.5 (94.1) |
32.8 (91.0) |
31.6 (88.9) |
29.5 (85.1) |
27.9 (82.2) |
27.6 (81.7) |
28.7 (83.7) |
30.5 (86.9) |
32.0 (89.6) |
32.2 (90.0) |
31.3 (88.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 26.4 (79.5) |
28.0 (82.4) |
28.2 (82.8) |
27.5 (81.5) |
26.6 (79.9) |
25.2 (77.4) |
24.3 (75.7) |
24.0 (75.2) |
24.3 (75.7) |
25.3 (77.5) |
26.0 (78.8) |
25.5 (77.9) |
25.9 (78.6) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 19.6 (67.3) |
21.6 (70.9) |
22.5 (72.5) |
22.5 (72.5) |
22.2 (72.0) |
21.3 (70.3) |
20.9 (69.6) |
20.7 (69.3) |
20.7 (69.3) |
20.9 (69.6) |
21.1 (70.0) |
19.7 (67.5) |
21.1 (70.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 7.9 (0.31) |
26.9 (1.06) |
92.3 (3.63) |
123.7 (4.87) |
156.1 (6.15) |
160.2 (6.31) |
96.5 (3.80) |
90.0 (3.54) |
175.1 (6.89) |
130.5 (5.14) |
31.6 (1.24) |
11.1 (0.44) |
1,101.9 (43.38) |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 227.0 | 221.0 | 212.9 | 205.4 | 207.0 | 157.7 | 111.4 | 90.4 | 118.7 | 186.5 | 196.6 | 202.9 | 2,137.5 |
| Source: NOAA[12] | |||||||||||||
- ↑ Conflit foncier dans le nord ivoirien : 8 morts et 21 blessés.
- ↑ Wilks,Ivor. Wangara, Akan, and Portuguese in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries (1997). in Bakewell: Mines of Silver and Gold in the Americas. Aldershot: Variorum, Ashgate Publishing Limited, 17.
- ↑ Bondoukou, Cote d'Ivoire, reflections of UN Worker, 2008.
- ↑ Côte d'Ivoire. geohive.com. Retrieved on 5 December 2015.
- ↑ bondoukou2000 website, retrieved 2008-09-10.
- ↑ As these neighbourhoods are important for the traditional parades, they are detailed in Arnut, pp. 121-150.
- ↑ "la ville aux mille mosquées" bondoukou2000 website
- ↑ Drinking the Word of God, 2002
- ↑ Karel Arnaut, Performing displacements and rephrasing attachments.
- ↑ Loi no 78-07 du 9 janvier 1978
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 RGPH 2014, Répertoire des localités, Région Gontougo. ins.ci. Retrieved on 5 August 2019.
- ↑ Bondoukou Climate Normals 1961–1990. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved on March 8, 2015.
Esemokwu agbụrụ n'ime ime obodo[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Afọ 1990 na afọ 2000 hụrụ esemokwu agbụrụ oge na oge n'etiti ndị ọrụ ugbo Bondoukou Kulango (ndị Gur mejupụtara Nkurang nke Ghana) na ndị Lobi, ndị si na Ngalaba Bouna kwapụ na nso nso a.[1] Esemokwu dị n'etiti agbụrụ abụọ ahụ malitere ma ọ dịkarịa ala n'afọ 1993, mgbe esemokwu malitere n'ihi mgbalị ndị Lobi na-azụ anụ ụlọ na-eme ka ha biri n'ógbè ahụ.[2] Esemokwu na esemokwu megide egbuola ọtụtụ mmadụ n'ime obodo Abouabou, Gonzaqueville, na Marahui na ịrị elu na-ewere ọnọdụ n'oge Agha Obodo Ivorian na 2002 na 2008.[3] Usoro nkwụsị agha nke Agha Obodo gafere na Ngalaba Bondoukou, na-ahapụ ọtụtụ Zanzan (ewepu Ngalaba Bouna) n'okpuru nchịkwa gọọmentị etiti.
Ndị ama ama[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Timité Sekou (amụrụ n'afọ 1985), onye na-agba bọọlụ na Ivory Coast
Edensibia[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- ↑ Ethnologue code "kzc"
- ↑ Ethnic violence flares up in Ivory Coast, IOL News, September 08 2008.
- ↑ Côte d’Ivoire – Land dispute.
Njikọ mpụga[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Àtụ:Gontougo Region subdivisions
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