Bongo people

agburu
mba/obodo	South Sudan

Ndị Bongo bụ agbụrụ na-asụ Central Sudanic, bi n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke osimiri Albert Nile nke dị n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ Uganda na agbata obi South Sudan na obere obodo gbasasịrị n'ebe ndịda na ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Wau. Ha na-asụ asụsụ Bongo, otu n'ime asụsụ Bongo-Baka . Na mmalite 1990s, a na-eme atụmatụ ọnụọgụ ha na mmadụ 200,000, yana ndị Alakụba 40%. ^[1] N’adịghị ka ndị Dinka na agbụrụ Nilotic ndị ọzọ, ndị Bongo abụghị ndị na-achị ehi, ha anaghịkwa eji ehi rie ọnụ ahịa nwunye. Ọrụ ugbo na ịchụ nta bụ isi ebe a na-eri nri, ọ bụ ezie na a na-enweta ego site n'ịrụ ọrụ n'ọhịa, ịrụ ụlọ, ire mmanụ aṅụ, na ụzọ dị iche iche. Tupu arụ ọrụ ígwè a na-ebubata abanye, a maara ha maka mmepụta ígwè ọrụ ọdịnala ha. ^[2]

Kemgbe 1970s, nnukwu osisi Bongo olili ozu achịkọtala ihe oyiyi nwoke na Europe ma kọwaa ya dị ka ihe atụ dị mkpa nke nka agbụrụ Africa.

Akụkọ ihe mere eme

Georg August Schweinfurth, onye nyocha German, onye biri afọ abụọ n'etiti Bongo gburugburu 1865, kọrọ na tupu ọbịbịa nke ndị na-agba ohu, c. 1850, ha ruru dịkarịa ala 300,000. Ndị na-agba ohu, na ndị na-eso ụzọ Mahdist si n'ebe ugwu Sudan belatara ọnụ ọgụgụ ha nke ukwuu, ọ bụghịkwa ruo mgbe ndị ọchịchị Sudan na-achị achị malitere n'oge 1904 na ruo 1906 ka ọ ga-ekwe omume ị nwetaghachi ndị mmadụ. Tupu narị afọ nke 20, ndị ikom Bongo na-eyi nanị akwa úkwù, na ọtụtụ mgbanaka ígwè iri na abụọ na ogwe aka (haziri ka ha ghọọ ụdị ngwá agha), ebe ụmụ nwanyị nwere nanị eriri, bụ nke a na-ekekọta ahịhịa. Ma nwoke ma nwanyị ugbu a na-eji akwa owu eme ihe dị ka uwe. Ihe ịchọ mma nke agbụrụ nwere ntu ma ọ bụ plọg, nke a na-agafe na egbugbere ọnụ ala. Ụmụ nwanyị na-eyikarị diski ọtụtụ sentimita na dayameta n'ụdị ejiji a, yana mgbanaka ma ọ bụ ntakịrị ahịhịa na egbugbere ọnụ elu, ahịhịa na alae nke imi, na mgbanaka na septum . Ndị Bongo, n'adịghị ka ndị ọzọ bi na ugwu Naịl, abụghị ndị na-azụ ehi, kama ha na-eji oge ha arụ ọrụ ugbo. Ihe ubi a na-akọkarị bụ sorghum, ụtaba, sesame na durra. ^[3]

Ọkpụkpụ agbụrụ Bongo

Nchịkọta ihe nka nke Africa nke Mahadum Pacific Lutheran dị na Washington State na US jigidere ili Bongo osisi na-adịghị ahụkebe n'ụdị nke nwoke. Stefano Santandrea kọwara ihe oyiyi ndị dị otú ahụ na omenala ha ka ọ nọrọ ogologo oge na obodo Bongo n'etiti 1960s. ^[4] ^[5]

Ọzọkwa, katalọgụ " Bongo - Monumental statuary si South Sudan " na-egosi foto na nkọwa akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ọtụtụ ihe oyiyi ndụ. Ewubere ihe ndị a n'ili nke ndị isi obodo Bongo ma bụrụkwa omenala nka nke agbụrụ a. Malite na 1970s, ndị njem Europe achịkọtala ihe ọkpụkpụ ndị a ma mesịa ree ya na ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie ma ọ bụ mkpokọta nzuzo na Europe na mba ndị ọzọ dị n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ. ^[6] Otu n'ime oghere ndị a dị 240 centimita n'ịdị elu, ka egosiri na ngalaba arịa ndị Africa na Musée du quai Branly na Paris. ^[7]

N'August 2018, Museumlọ ihe ngosi nka nke obodo mepere emepe gosipụtara ihe ọkpụkpụ ncheta nwoke nke ngwụcha narị afọ nke 19 na ngalaba ya nke Arts Africa. Dị ka Christian Duponcheel si kwuo, onye chịkọtara ọrụ ahụ n'ebe ndịda Sudan, e debere ihe ọkpụkpụ a "mgbe tupu afọ 1914 n'ahịa dị n'obodo Tonj bụ ebe azụmahịa azụmahịa n'etiti Bongo na Nuer bi na-eme. N'ebe ahụ, e kwuru na nyere aka mee ka mmekọrịta azụmahịa dịrị n'otu." ^[8]

Ntụaka

nwoke ma nwanyị ugbu a na-eji akwa owu eme ihe dị ka uwe. Ihe ịchọ mma nke agbụrụ nwere ntu ma ọ bụ plọg, nke a na-agafe 1970s, nnukwu osisi Bongo olili ozu achịkọtala ihe oyiyi nwoke na Europe ma kọwaa ya dị

↑ Olson (1996). The Peoples of Africa: An Ethnohistorical Dictionary (in en). Greenwood Publishing Group, 107. ISBN 978-0-313-27918-8.
↑ Bongo | people (en). Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved on 2021-06-16.
↑ Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named EB1911
↑ Learn More: Bongo Grave Post | African Art Collection (en-US). Pacific Lutheran University. Retrieved on 2021-06-16.
↑ A Catholic priest in the Comboni Mission, Santandrea is the author of approximately twenty books and shorter texts on linguistics, anthropology, geography, and history. Their common link was the Bahr el-Ghazal region, where he dedicated himself for the most part to the mission of being a priest. In A Popular History of Wau, he recalled that the old city of Wau, which he described as a modest village, had been noted since the 1860s in a number of accounts (von Heuglin 1869; Schweinfurth 1984) but that it had disappeared following a Mahdist attack in the spring of 1884 (Santandrea 1964, 17).
↑ de Grunne (2011). Bongo - Monumental statuary from Southern Sudan (en). Issuu. Archived from the original on 2014-10-19. Retrieved on 2021-06-16.
↑ Musée du quai Branly. Bongo - Search. quaibranly.fr. Archived from [=Bongo%20%7C2%7C&refreshFilters=true the original] on 2021-10-26. Retrieved on 2021-10-26.
↑ The Metropolitan Museum of Art (2018). Identity, Meaning, Function: Reclaiming the Histories of The Met's Bongo Ngya. www.metmuseum.org. Archived from the original on 2020-01-01. Retrieved on 2021-10-26.

Evans-Pritchard, E. E. (1929). Ihe ndetu na ndekọ nke Bongo, Sudan, Vol. 12, nkp. 1–61.
Fath, Sébastien (2013). Ozi Ndị Kraịst na Mwube nke South Sudan. Ozi ọma, Ọrụ enyemaka mmadụ, na mmemme mba ụwa na Wau. Na Afrique contemporaine, vol. 246, mbipụta 2, p. 99 ruo 110
de Grunne, Bernard (2011). Bongo - ihe ncheta nke sitere na South Sudan . Brussels, Belgium
Kronenberg, Andreas; Kronenberg, Waltraud. (1960) Ihe osise osisi na South Western Sudan. Kush: Akwụkwọ akụkọ nke Sudan Antiquities Service VIII, p. 275–281
Kronenberg, Andreas; Kronenberg, Waltraud; Schweinfurth, Georg. (1981) anwụ Bongo. Bauern und Jäger im Südsudan . Wiesbaden
Krüger, Klaus-Jochen (1999). Nkà nke Bahr-el-Ghazal. Ihe osise olili ozu nke Bongo na Belanda. Nkà agbụrụ, 22 - oyi-mmiri 1999-2000, p. 82–100

[1] Olson (1996). The Peoples of Africa: An Ethnohistorical Dictionary (in en). Greenwood Publishing Group, 107. ISBN 978-0-313-27918-8.

[2] Bongo | people (en). Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved on 2021-06-16.

[EB1911-3] Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named EB1911

[4] Learn More: Bongo Grave Post | African Art Collection (en-US). Pacific Lutheran University. Retrieved on 2021-06-16.

[5] A Catholic priest in the Comboni Mission, Santandrea is the author of approximately twenty books and shorter texts on linguistics, anthropology, geography, and history. Their common link was the Bahr el-Ghazal region, where he dedicated himself for the most part to the mission of being a priest. In A Popular History of Wau, he recalled that the old city of Wau, which he described as a modest village, had been noted since the 1860s in a number of accounts (von Heuglin 1869; Schweinfurth 1984) but that it had disappeared following a Mahdist attack in the spring of 1884 (Santandrea 1964, 17).

[6] Grunne (2011). Bongo - Monumental statuary from Southern Sudan (en). Issuu. Archived from the original on 2014-10-19. Retrieved on 2021-06-16.

[7] Musée du quai Branly. Bongo - Search. quaibranly.fr. Archived from [=Bongo%20%7C2%7C&refreshFilters=true the original] on 2021-10-26. Retrieved on 2021-10-26.

[8] The Metropolitan Museum of Art (2018). Identity, Meaning, Function: Reclaiming the Histories of The Met's Bongo Ngya. www.metmuseum.org. Archived from the original on 2020-01-01. Retrieved on 2021-10-26.

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