Columbia Water Center

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Columbia Water Center
azụmahịa, research institute
Oge/afọ mmalite2008 Dezie
mba/obodoNjikota Obodo Amerika Dezie
nhazi ọnọdụ40°48′34″N 73°57′36″W Dezie
ọdịdị isi ụlọ ọrụNew York City Dezie
webụsaịtịhttp://www.water.columbia.edu/ Dezie
Map

E guzobere Columbia Water Center (CWC) na Jenụwarị 2008 dị ka ngalaba Columbia University Earth institute na nyocha na idozi ihe ịma aka metụtara mmiri zuru ụwa ọnụ, gụnyere ụkọ mmiri, ohere na ogo, n'akụkụ ihe ize ndụ na mgbanwe ihu igwe.[1]

Ebumnuche ya kwuru bụ "iji aka mebie ihe ịma aka mmiri nke gburugburu ebe obibi na-agbanwe ngwa ngwa na onyinye dị iche iche nke ụwa nke akara carbon nke mmadụ na-emetụta mmiri gụnyere mgbanwe ihu igwe na-emetụ nri, ike, gburugburu ebe obibi, na ime obodo," site na ijikọta "nchegbu nke nyocha sayensị na mmetụta nke iwu dị irè".[2]

Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-eji usoro dị iche iche eme ihe maka ọrụ ha, na-ewe ndị na-ahụ maka mmiri, ndị na-amụ banyere ihu igwe, ndị injinia gburugburu ebe obibi, na ndị na-enyocha iwu mmiri. Ndị nduzi ya bụ Upmanu Lall na Carol Silberstein, Prọfesọ nke Ụwa, Injinia gburugburu ebe obibi, Injinịa Civil na Injinia Mechanics na Mahadum Columbia.[3]

Pierre Gentine, osote prọfesọ na Ngalaba nke Ụwa na Injinia Gburugburu Ebe Obibi, na-arụkwa ọrụ dị mkpa na Center, ya na ndị otu PhD na Post-doctoral nke ya na-elekwasị anya na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ala na mmiri ikuku.[4][5]

Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-ekewa ọrụ ya ugbu a n'ime isiokwu ise: America's Water, The Global Floods Initiative, Data Analytics and Multi-Scale Predictions, Risk and Financial Instruments and the Water, Food, Energy Nexus.[6]

Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

The Earth Institute, n'okpuru nduzi nke Jeff Sachs, bụ ụlọ ọrụ nyocha nke na-akwado mmepe na-adịgide adịgide site na akụkụ dị iche iche.[7]

N'afọ 2008, PepsiCo Foundation nyere Earth Institute $ 6 nde iji dozie nsogbu ndị metụtara mmiri a. Onyinye PepsiCo dugara n'ịmepụta Columbia Water Center n'okpuru nduzi nke prọfesọ injinia nke Mahadum Columbia Upmanu Lall. Onyinye afọ atọ a mere ka ọrụ nwee ike na mba anọ: India, China, Mali, na Brazil.[7][8]

Na Brazil, CWC esorowo Mahadum Federal nke Ceará dị n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ iji lekwasị anya na usoro amụma ihu igwe dị mgbagwoju anya nke a na-eji eme mkpebi nke ịkekọrịta mmiri gafee ngalaba dị iche iche. Na mgbakwunye, ndị otu CWC rụzuru atụmatụ mmiri obodo (PAM) maka Milhã, mpaghara ime obodo dị n'etiti Ceará.[9] Ọrụ ahụ na-akọwa atụmatụ maka obodo ahụ iji nye ndị bi na ya 14,000 mmiri.

Dị ka akụkụ nke ọrụ ahụ, CWC mepụtara ma wuo ọrụ ngosipụta mmiri maka Ingá na Pedra Fina, obodo abụọ dị na Milhã. Ọrụ ahụ na-enye mmadụ 500 mmiri n'ógbè ahụ.[10]

Na India, oru ngo a lekwasịrị anya n'ibelata oriri mmiri na mpaghara ọrụ ugbo site n'ịkwado usoro ịhọrọ ihe ọkụkụ na-adịgide adịgide, yana ịrụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ iji wepụta teknụzụ ịgba mmiri ka mma (na ịbawanye ntụkwasị obi) n'oge usoro ọkọnọ ha niile.  Ebumnuche bụ isi bụ ibelata nrụgide mmiri dị n'ime ala na mpaghara ahụ.  Ebe ọrụ izizi dị na steeti Punjab na Gujarat[11]

Na Punjab, CWC esorowo Mahadum Ọrụ Ugbo nke Punjab jikọọ aka iji nweta ihe ngwọta ọhụrụ iji belata ịgba mmiri ndị ọrụ ugbo. Ụfọdụ n'ime usoro ndị e mepụtara (gụnyere iji tensiometers dị ọnụ ala iji tụọ mmiri n'ala na ịgha mkpụrụ osikapa) ka a nwalere n'ọhịa n'oge ịkụ osisi 2010 na ihe karịrị ndị ọrụ ugbo 500 na-ekere òkè.[12] Ndị otu Mahadum Ọrụ Ugbo nke Punjab na-akọ na ndị ọrụ ugbo na-ekere òkè na-echekwa pasent 25 ruo 30 nke ojiji mmiri ha na-eji eme ihe site na itinye usoro ọhụrụ ahụ n'ọrụ. Ndị otu CWC / PAU na-eme atụmatụ ịbawanye ọrụ nnwale na 2011 site n'ịkpọbata ndị ọrụ ugbo osikapa 5,000 iji tensiometers.[13]

Na Gujarat, Columbia Water Center na gọọmentị steeti na-arụkọ ọrụ iji gbanwee ego enyemaka ọkụ eletrik iji nye ndị ọrụ ugbo ume ka ha chekwaa mmiri.  Na mgbakwunye na mgbanwe enyemaka ego, CWC na-enyocha teknụzụ ịzọpụta mmiri n'etiti ndị ọrụ ugbo.[14]

Ọrụ na Mali dabara na Project Villages Millennium.  CWC na-elekwasị anya n'ichepụta usoro ịgba mmiri na ihe ọkụkụ nke enwere ike ịrụ ọrụ na idobe ya na mpaghara iji nye ndị ọrụ ugbo ihe ọkụkụ dị oke ọnụ ahịa.  Ebe etiti etinyela nnukwu nfuli na-eme ka mmiri dị na ya dịkwuo mma.  Ihe omume na-emesi ike iwekọta ndị mmekọ obodo, ndị agha ahịa na mmekọrịta ọha na eze na nkeonwe.

Nnyocha Ugbu a[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, Columbia Water Center agbasawo oke nke atụmatụ ya iji gụnye isiokwu nyocha ise sara mbara.[6]

Mmiri America[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ebumnuche mmiri nke America bụ iwulite netwọkụ nke ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ, ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị, na ụlọ ọrụ nkeonwe iji mee ka nkwalite akụrụngwa mmiri dị na United States wee dozie ihe ịma aka mmiri ndị ọzọ.  Ebumnuche a na-elekwasị anya n'akụkụ niile nke mmiri, site na amụma ruo ụkọ mmiri ozuzo na ịkọ ide mmiri na ikike nke teknụzụ mmiri na-akpaghasị iji nye akụrụngwa mmiri ekesa nke dị ọnụ ala karịa dochie usoro ihe nketa.[15]

Na Machị 12, 2015, atụmatụ a mere nnọkọ nnọkọ nke mbụ nke afọ, bụ nke kpọkọtara ndị ọkachamara mmiri sitere na otu dị iche iche, na-anọchite anya ụlọ ọrụ, ụlọ ọrụ, amụma na ngalaba anaghị akwụ ụgwọ n'etiti ndị ọzọ.  Ezubere nzukọ a ka ọ bụrụ nzọụkwụ mbụ iji nweta mmekọrịta zuru oke nke nwere ike inye aka ịtọ usoro nyocha mmiri na ịmepụta ihe ngwọta maka nsogbu mmiri mba..[16][17]

Ihe Na-eme Maka Iju Mmiri Ụwa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Global Floods Initiative na-ezube itinye usoro amụma ihu igwe na-aga n'ihu na-agbanwe agbanwe iji nyere ndị na-eme iwu aka, ụlọ ọrụ enyemaka ọdachi, ndị na-emepụta akụrụngwa, ụlọ ọrụ ego na ndị ọzọ kwadebe maka, jikwaa ma meghachi omume na idei mmiri siri ike.[18][5]

Omume a na-ewulite n'ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ iri abụọ nke nyocha banyere otu usoro ihu igwe (dị ka El-Nino / La-Nina na Pacific Decadal Oscillation) si emekọrịta ihe iji mụbaa ihe ize ndụ nke idei mmiri n'ebe ụfọdụ. Nnyocha ndị ọzọ na-adịbeghị anya banyere hydrometerology, nke na-ele anya na mmekọrịta nke ala, mmiri na ikuku na mpaghara dị iche iche, na-agbakwunye ọkwa ndị ọzọ na ikike maka amụma idei mmiri.[6]

Nnyocha data na amụma dị iche iche[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Columbia Water Center bụ onye ndu n'ịtụ amụma ihu igwe mmiri na nyocha ihe ize ndụ metụtara ya. A na-eji amụma ndị a eme ihe maka ngwa dịgasị iche iche, gụnyere ijikọta amụma ihu igwe n'ime usoro nke ịkekọrịta mmiri maka ndị na-azụ ahịa n'obodo ukwu, ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na ọrụ ugbo.[19]

Ụzọ ọhụrụ nke na-anọchite anya convection na mmeghachi omume ahịhịa na nrụgide mmiri bụkwa isi ebe nyocha, nke nsonaazụ ya nwere ike inye nghọta ọhụrụ nke carbon na okirikiri mmiri.[20]

Ihe ize ndụ na Ngwá Ọrụ Ego[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

A pụkwara iji amụma ihu igwe mepụta ihe ize ndụ nke idei mmiri na ụkọ mmiri ozuzo maka ụlọ ọrụ ndị nwere usoro nnyefe zuru ụwa ọnụ. Mmetụta ndị a nwere ike inyere ụlọ ọrụ aka idozi ihe ịma aka site na usoro ọhụrụ nke inweta ihe, ngwaahịa nchịkwa ego ọhụrụ nke mpaghara (dịka, bonds cat, inshọransị index), mmezi na ibelata, nkwekọrịta nkwekọrịta nchekwa na ngwaọrụ ndị ọzọ.[21]

Mmiri, Nri, Ike Nexus[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Columbia Water Center na-amụ otú mmiri, nri, na ngalaba ike si nwee njikọ na otu ihu igwe si emetụta mmekọrịta a. Ọrụ gụnyere nyocha iwu na aro iji kwalite nchekwa mmiri na ike na ngalaba ọrụ ugbo na mpaghara ọrụ ugbo nwere nsogbu mmiri, mmepe nke amụma oge iji duzie mkpebi na ngalaba mmiri na ike, yana nnwale na mmejuputa nke mmiri dị ala na ihe mmetụta nitrogen dị ala iji melite arụmọrụ ịgba mmiri, belata ojiji fatịlaịza na mmetọ mmiri n'okpuru ala ma chekwaa ike site na mgbapụta mmiri n'ime ala.[22][11]

Edensibia[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  1. ↑ The Earth Institute Water. Earth Institute. Retrieved on 2009-09-15.
  2. ↑ Columbia Water Center: About Us. Columbia Water Center. Archived from the original on 2021-09-06. Retrieved on 2015-04-21.
  3. ↑ The Earth Institute Profiles: Upmanu Lall. Earth Institute. Retrieved on 2015-04-21.
  4. ↑ Gentine Lab website. Archived from the original on 17 April 2017. Retrieved on 5 April 2017.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Polycarpou (11 May 2011). Earth, Water and Sky –A Conversation with Pierre Gentine, a new Columbia Water Center Scientist. State of the planet. Retrieved on 5 April 2017.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 The Columbia Water Center: Research Themes. Columbia Water Center. Archived from the original on 2021-09-06. Retrieved on 2015-04-21.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 PepsiCo Foundation announces major new grant to the Earth Institute at Columbia University to promote global water sustainability. Earth Institute (22 January 2008). Retrieved on 5 April 2017.
  8. ↑ Our planet sustainability efforts and goals. PepsiCo. Archived from the original on 1 October 2016. Retrieved on 5 April 2017.
  9. ↑ A Municipal Water Plan (PAM) for Milhã | Columbia Water Center. water.columbia.edu. Retrieved on 2022-04-27.
  10. ↑ Carrie Loewenthal Massey (2010-06-01). Columbia Water Center at Work Across Globe. America.gov. Archived from the original on 2012-10-20. Retrieved on 2010-06-02.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 J. Carl Ganter (2010-06-04). U.S., India Working Together to Address India’s Water Needs. Circle of Blue Water News. Retrieved on 2011-01-13.
  12. ↑ Carrie Loewenthal Massey (2010-05-28). U.S., India Working Together to Address India’s Water Needs. America.gov. Archived from the original on 2011-03-03. Retrieved on 2010-06-02.
  13. ↑ Lakis Polycarpou (2010-11-17). ‘Small is Also Beautiful’ – Appropriate Technology Cuts Rice Famers’ Water Use by 30 Percent in Punjab, India. blogs.ei.columbia.edu.
  14. ↑ Eryn-Ashlei Bailey (2010-12-03). Incentives for Water Conservation in Gujarat. WaterWideWeb.org. Archived from the original on 2011-05-02. Retrieved on 2011-01-15.
  15. ↑ Columbia Water Center: Research Themes. The Columbia Water Center. Archived from the original on 2021-09-07. Retrieved on 2015-04-21.
  16. ↑ Stoner (13 March 2013). Partnering with Academia to Address U.S. Water Challenges. Pisces Foundation. Retrieved on 5 April 2017.
  17. ↑ Polycarpou (19 March 2015). Waking up to America’s Water Challenges. State of the Planet. Retrieved on 5 April 2017.
  18. ↑ Columbia Water Center: Research Themes. The Columbia Water Center. Archived from the original on 2021-09-07. Retrieved on 2015-04-21.
  19. ↑ Columbia Water Center: Research Themes. The Columbia Water Center. Archived from the original on 2021-09-06. Retrieved on 2015-04-21.
  20. ↑ Predictions, Surface Energy, Plants: Understanding the Hydrologic Cycle. Columbia Water Center. Archived from the original on 5 April 2017. Retrieved on 5 April 2017.
  21. ↑ Columbia Water Center: Research Themes. The Columbia Water Center. Archived from the original on 2021-09-06. Retrieved on 2015-04-21.
  22. ↑ Columbia Water Center: Research Themes. The Columbia Water Center. Archived from the original on 2021-09-06. Retrieved on 2015-04-21.

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