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Efunroye Tinubu

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Efunroye Tinubu (ihe dị ka 1810 - 1887), a mụrụ Ẹfúnpọ̀róyè Ọ̀ṣuntinúbú, [1] bụ nwanyị Yoruba dị ike, onye ahịa, na onye ahịa ohu na Naịjirịa tupu ọchịchị na nke ọchịchị. [1] [2]

Ọ bụ onye nwere mmetụta ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na akụ na ụba na Lagos n'oge ọchịchị nke Obas (ndị eze) Adele, Dosunmu, Oluwole, na Akitoye, na-enyere ndị Obas abụọ ikpeazụ aka inweta ike ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Ọ lụrụ Oba Adele ma jiri njikọ ya guzobe netwọk azụmahịa na-aga nke ọma na ndị ahịa Europe na ndị ohu, ụtaba, nnu, ogho, mmanụ nkwụ, mmanụ akị bekee, na égbè. A na-ekwu na o nwere ihe karịrị ndị ohu 360. [3]

Mgbe mmeri ndị Britain meriri na Reduction nke Lagos, ndị Britain wepụrụ Oba Kosoko n'ocheeze ya ma jiri Akitoye dochie ya, onye Tinubu kwadoro. Ndị Britain mere ka Akitoye bịanye aka na Nkwekọrịta 1852 n'etiti Great Britain na Lagos, nke chọrọ ka ndị Lagosian kpochapụ ahịa ohu Atlantic. Otú ọ dị, Tinubu nọgidere na nzuzo na-azụ ahịa ohu na ndị ahịa Brazil na Europe, na-emebi nkwekọrịta ahụ, Akitoye ji obi ya kwe ka nke a.[4] Onye nnọchi anya Britain Benjamin Campbell katọrọ ikike akụ na ụba nke Tinubu na Lagos na ahia ohu nzuzo ya, ya na ndị ahịa Britain na ndị na-asọmpi Lagos nwere esemokwu.[5] N'ịgbaso ọchịchị nke Oba Dosunnu, Dosunmu chụgara Tinubu na Abeokuta n'okpuru nrụgide Campbell mgbe Tinubu kpara nkata na-enweghị isi iji wepụ mmetụta Britain na Lagos ma gbuo Campbell. Mgbe ọ nọ na Abeokuta, o nyere aka nye obodo ahụ mgbọ n'oge agha mmeri ya megide Alaeze Dahomey, si otú a mee ka ọ bụrụ onye isi nke Iyalode nke Egbas.[6]

Ọ nwụrụ na Abeokuta na 1887. A gụrụ aha ya na Tinubu Square dị na Lagos, Naịjirịa, ma nwee ihe oyiyi ya. O nwekwara ihe oyiyi na Abeokuta, Naịjirịa . [7]

Ndụ na ọrụ

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Oge ọ malitere

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Tinubu, a mụrụ Ẹfúnpọ̀róyè "Ịdị ọcha bụ isi iyi nke nsọpụrụ" Ọ̀ṣúntinúubú "Ọ̀ṣun abịala n'ime mmiri miri emi" a mụrụ n'obodo Ijokodo (nke a maara ugbu a dị ka Ojokodo), nke dị na 'Egba Forest' na 1805 ma ọ bụ 1810. Ijokodo bụ obodo Egba Gbagura. Aha nna ya bụ Olumosa, [1] nwoke Egba, onye sitere n'obodo Ido, isi obodo Egba Gbagura. Mgbe e bibiri Ido, e mechara weghachite obodo Ibadan n'ebe ahụ, Olumosa kwagara Ijokodo. Olumosa bụ onye na-efe Obatala, chi okike Yoruba, na chi nke ịdị ọcha, ya mere "N'ogefun" n'aha Tinubu, dị ka Ẹfun (white chalk), bụ ihe nnọchianya nke Obatala.

Nne Tinubu bụ Ní خو̀dé (ma ọ bụ Lí خو̀dé) "Onye na-aza m abịala" bụ ndị nna nna. Nna Nigede bụ Oguntayo si n'obodo Iwo, ebe nne ya bụ Osunsola bụ Owu. [1] Nke a bụ ihe mere e ji kwuo na Tinubu bụ onye nna nna Owu.[9] Osunsola bụ onye ahịa na-ere ahịhịa, mgbọrọgwụ, na akpụkpọ anụ. N'ihi nke ahụ, ọ bara ọgaranya nke ukwuu ma na-ejikarị ụgbọ mmiri aga n'ụsọ oké osimiri (Badagry) iji zụọ ahịa. A na-ekwu na ọ bụ n'otu n'ime njem Osunsola ka nwa ya nwanyị Nigede malitere ịmụ nwa, wee mụọ Tinubu. Ọ bụ ya mere e ji kpọọ ya Ọ̀ṣúntinúubú, ebe ọ bụ na ekwere na Ọ̀ṣun, chi nwanyị nke osimiri Ọ̀ṣuna ha na-aga, nyere ha nwa nwanyị.[10]

Tinubu bụ nwa nwanyị mbụ nke nna ya. Nne ya Nigede lụrụ nwoke aha ya bụ Degolu (nwa Fajinmi na Osunkoolu), ma nwee nwa, nwanne Tinubu nke okenye, Sobowale. Mgbe Degolu nwụrụ, Nigede lụrụ nna Tinubu bụ Olumosa, wee bụrụ nwunye ya nke abụọ, ha wee mụọ Tinubu. Olumosa nwere ndị nwunye abụọ ọzọ, nwunye mbụ ya nwere nwa nwoke aha ya bụ Okukan. Nwunye nke atọ nke Olumosa mụrụ nwanne Tinubu nke obere, Akinwunmi. Ọ bụ naanị nwa nwanyị a maara nke nna ya.[11]

N'afọ 1821, dị ka nwa agbọghọ, mpaghara Egba na Owu banyere n'agha mgbe Alaeze Owu dara, dịka akụkụ nke nnukwu Agha Yoruba. E bibiri ọtụtụ obodo, gụnyere Ijokodo, ezinụlọ ha gbapụrụ iji zere ịbụ ndị e jidere ma mee ndị ohu, dị ka ọtụtụ ndị Egba na Owu. Ha mechara, n'okpuru nduzi Sodeke, kwaga n'obodo ọhụrụ nke Abeokuta na 1830. Ka ọ na-erule n'oge ahụ, ọ lụrụ nwoke Owu, ma nwee ụmụ nwoke abụọ. N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, nne ya Nigede nwụrụ [8] N'oge dị mkpirikpi mgbe nne ya nwụsịrị, di Owu nke Tinubu nwụrụ.[11] Mgbe ahụ, ọ lụrụ Oba Adele Ajosun na 1833 onye, mgbe ọ na-eleta Abeokuta, a na-ekwu na Tinubu, onye bụ nwa agbọghọ di ya nwụrụ, masịrị ya.[9] Ya na Oba a chụgara ala ọzọ kwagara Badagry, nke bụ ebe mgbaba maka ndị eze Lagos. Na Badagry, na-eji ahụmịhe azụmaahịa ya nke nne nne ya Osunsola kụziiri, o jiri njikọ Adele mee ihe iji wuo azụmahịa dị egwu na ụtaba, nnu, na ndị ohu.[10]

Ọdọ Mmiri

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Oba Adele a chụgara n'ala ọzọ ka nọ na Badagry mgbe onye nọchiri ya, Oba Idewu, nwụrụ. Prince Kosoko, nwanne Idewu Ojulari, bụ onye isi na-azọ ocheeze ahụ dị ugbu a. Eletu Odibo, onye isi na-eme eze, mebiri ọchịchọ Kosoko ma ọ kpọrọ Adele ka ọ bụrụ Oba ọzọ.[15] Tinubu sonyeere Adele na Lagos, mana Oba nwụrụ afọ 2 ka e mesịrị. Mgbe Adele nwụsịrị na 1837, a kọrọ na Tinubu kwadoro Oluwole (nwa nna ya) na mgbalị ya maka Obaship nke Lagos karịa nke Kosoko.[11][12]

Oba Oluwole na Kosoko nwere esemokwu ugboro ugboro, onye chere na ọ bụ ezigbo onye nketa nke ocheeze.[15] N'ihi ya, a chụpụrụ Kosoko na Ouidah. N'oge Oluwole na-achị, Tinubu lụrụ ọzọ otu Yesufu Bada, onye a na-akpọ Obadina, onye bụ onyeisi agha Oluwole na nkwado nke Oluwole, ọrụ azụmahịa Tinubu na Yesufu na Egbaland toro.[18]

Mgbe Oluwole nwụrụ na 1841, Tinubu kwadoro Akitoye (onye bụbu nwanne di ya) na mgbalị ya maka Obaship karịa Kosoko.[11] Mgbe Akitoye pụtara Oba, o nyere Tinubu ikike azụmahịa dị mma.[10] Akitoye kpọrọ Kosoko ka ọ laghachi Lagos ma gbalịa ime ka obi dị ya mma. N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, Kosoko chụpụrụ Akitoye n'ocheeze. N'ịtụle njikọ Tinubu na Akitoye, ya na ndị ọzọ na-akwado Akitoye gbagara Badagry mgbe Kosoko ghọrọ Oba na 1845.[13] Dị ka nwanyị bara ọgaranya, Madam Tinubu nwere ike imetụta mkpebi akụ na ụba na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'oge ọ nọ na Badagry. Ọ gbalịrị ịhazi ndị na-akwado Akitoye ka ha lụso Kosoko agha.[18]

N'ọnwa Disemba 1851, n'okpuru ebubo nke ịkagbu ịgba ohu, ndị Britain tụrụ bọmbụ na Lagos, chụpụrụ Kosoko, ma tinye Akitoye dị ka Oba nke Lagos. Ọ bụ ezie na Akitoye bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ nkwekọrịta na Britain nke na-amachibido ịzụ ahịa ohu, Tinubu mebiri nkwekọrịta 1852 [1] ma jiri ndị ahịa Brazil na Portuguese zụta ndị ohu na nzuzo maka ngwá agha.[21]. O nwetakwara ala n'aka Akitoye nke bụzi akụkụ Tinubu Square na Kakawa Street nke oge a. Ka e mesịrị, esemokwu bilitere n'etiti Tinubu na ụfọdụ ndị ahịa ohu, gụnyere Possu, bụ ndị kwadoro Kosoko. N’ihi ya, Possu, Ajenia, na ndị ahịa ndị ọzọ nwara ịkpali nnupụisi megide Akitoye n’ihi mmetụta Tinubu nwere na Lagos. Maka udo, Benjamin Campbell, onye nnọchi anya Britain na Lagos, dụrụ Akitoye ọdụ ka ọ chụpụ Tinubu.[22] Ka Akitoye nwụchara, Tinubu lọghachiri Lagos ma kwado Dosunmu nọchiri anya ya. N'okpuru ọchịchị Dosunmu, Tinubu nwere nnukwu ndị uwe ojii nke ndị ohu na mgbe ụfọdụ na-eme iwu eze. N’ihi ya, Dosunmu malitere ịkpachara anya maka mmetụta ya na Lagos.[18] Ọhụrụ mmepe bụ nkwado ọchịchị colonial nyere ndị si Brazil na Sierra Leone kwabatara na Legọs. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị mbịarambịa, nke a makwaara dị ka Saro na Aguda, bụ ndị Britain kwadoro maka azụmahịa ma n'oge na-adịghị anya malitere ịchịkwa mpaghara azụmahịa ziri ezi na Lagos.[23]

N'afọ 1855, mgbe Campbell gara England, Tinubu gbalịrị imetụta Dosunmu iji belata mmetụta nke ndị laghachiri. Dosunmu ekwenyeghị na arịrịọ ya ma n'ihi ya, a na-ebo Tinubu ebubo na ọ keere òkè na nnupụisi megide ndị laghachiri nke di ya, Yesufu Bada, bụ onye isi na ya.[24] Mgbe Campbell laghachiri na 1856, ọ gwara Dosunmu ka ọ chụpụ Tinubu. Na Mee 1856, a chụgara Tinubu na Abeokuta.[25][13]

Abeokuta

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N’Abeokuta, Tinubu na-ere ngwá agha ma nye Abeokuta ngwa agha na-ebuso Dahomey agha. Ọrụ ya n’agha mere ka ọ bụrụ onyeisi ndị Iyalode nke Egbaland niile. [1] Mgbe ọ nọ na Abeokuta, a na-ekwu na ọ na-emegide gọọmentị na Lagos.[26] N'afọ 1865, ọkụ bibiri ụfọdụ ụlọ ahịa ndị ahịa ya, gụnyere ụfọdụ ihe onwunwe ya na Abeokuta. Otú ọ dị, nke a apụtaghị na o nwetara mfu ego.[26] Tinubu tinyere aka na eze Abeokuta, na-akwado Prince Oyekan n'elu Ademola maka Alake nke Egbaland n'afọ 1879. A kwenyere na Tinubu lụrụ nwoke ọzọ, Momoh Bukar, onye mmụta Arab.[27] Ụmụ Momoh bụ ndị nwunye ndị ọzọ mechara nabata aha Tinubu.

Echiche banyere ịgba ohu

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Akụkọ ndụ a na-ekwukarị nke akpọrọ Madame Tinubu: Onye ahịa na onye na-eme eze, nke onye Naijiria na-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme bụ Oladipo Yemitan dere, gosipụtara echiche ya banyere ahia ohu.

  1. ↑ "Madam Tinubu: Inside the political and business empire of a 19th century heroine", The Nation. Retrieved on July 29, 2016.
  2. ↑ Judybee (2011). Madam Tinubu: Queens of Africa. MX Publishing. ISBN 978-1-908-2185-82. 
  3. ↑ Madam Efunroye Tinubu (ca. 1805-1887) (10 April 2014).
  4. ↑ Weise (1 September 2020). "Women and trade in the Nupe–Borgu region during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries". Canadian Journal of African Studies 54 (3): 459–477. DOI:10.1080/00083968.2020.1749097. 
  5. ↑ Madam Efunroye Tinubu (ca. 1805-1887) (10 April 2014).
  6. ↑ "Madam Efunroye Tinubu: The Indomitable Iyalode", The Guardian, 2020-01-26. Retrieved on 2022-12-22. (in en-US)
  7. ↑ "Restoring the pride of a warrior lady", The Guardian, 2017-02-26. Retrieved on 2022-12-22. (in en-US)
  8. ↑ Women in Power: Madame Efunroye Tinubu-1st Iyalode of Egba land. Asiri (18 October 2013). Retrieved on 23 December 2016.
  9. ↑ "Madam Tinubu", The Guardian, 2016-03-20. Retrieved on 2022-03-10. (in en-US)
  10. 1 2 Qeturah. "Madam Tinubu", The Guardian, 20 March 2016. Retrieved on 23 December 2016.
  11. 1 2 Kaplan (1997). Queens, queen mothers, priestesses, and power: case studies in African gender. New York Academy of Sciences, 1997. ISBN 9781573310543. 
  12. ↑ Nelson & McCracken. Order and disorder in Africa: papers of the A.S.A.U.K. Biennial Conference, hosted by the Centre of Commonwealth Studies, University of Stirling, 8-10 September 1992, Volume 1. SOAS, University of London, 1992. 
  13. 1 2 Akioye. "Madam Tinubu: Inside the political and business empire of a 19th century heroine", The Nation.

Akụkụ ọzọ nke akụkọ ndụ Tinubu nke Yemitan, nke a na-akpọ Amadie-Ojo Affair, na-ejide nkwekọrịta ahia ohu na-adịghị mma na 1853 (karịsịa mgbe Nkwekọrịta 1852 wepụrụ ịgba ohu na Lagos) ebe Tinubu gwara onye ọzọ na-ere ohu (Domingo Martinez) na "ọ ga-ahọrọ igbu ndị ohu [20 n'ọnụ ọgụgụ] karịa ire ha na ọnụ ala".[29]

Mmekọrịta ya na ndị ọrụ ọchịchị Britain

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Mmetụta Tinubu nwere na Lagos na-emekarị ka ya na ndị ọchịchị Britain na-achị. Dị ka akụkọ dị egwu nke Akinwumi Isola banyere ndụ ya si kwuo, ọ mara aka n'ihu ọha na onye nnọchi anya Britain na-etinye aka n'ihe omume Lagos, na-ekwusi ike na ya enweghị ikike ịgwa ndị bi n'ógbè ahụ.[1]

Nkwagide ya megide ọchịchị onye nnọchi anya ya, tinyere nkwado siri ike ọ na-akwado di ya bụ Bada na ikike o nwere ịhazi ụmụ nwanyị na-azụ ahịa, butere esemokwu ya na Oba Dosunmu na ọchịchị steeti ahụ. Ka ọ gbasasịrị ọgba aghara n'ahịa nke e boro Tinubu ebubo na ọ na-ebute agha obodo, Dosunmu, na-eme ihe na ndụmọdụ onye nnọchianya, nyere iwu ka achụpụ ya na Lagos.

N'etiti narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, nkwado ya maka Akintoye mekwara ka ya na nchịkwa nke ndị na-achị ala ahụ ghara ịdị n'otu, nke na-akwado mgbe ụfọdụ òtù ndị na-asọ mpi na Lagos. Omume ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya na ikike ịhazi akụ na ụba na netwọk mere ka ọ bụrụ onye dị mkpa nke ndị Britain ga-echebara echiche na ha na Lagos.[2]

N'agbanyeghị mkpesa nke ụmụ nwanyị ọchụnta ego na ndị na-akwado ya, Tinubu mechara hapụ Lagos gawa Abeokuta. Ọpụpụ ya gosipụtara mgbanwe mgbanwe, ka ndị ọrụ Britain ji nwayọọ nwayọọ mụbaa mmetụta ha na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Lagos na-enweghị mmetụta ya.

Ọnwụ na ihe nketa

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Tinubu Square na 2014

Tinubu nwụrụ na 1887 ma lie ya na Ojokodo Quarters na Abeokuta. [3][34] A na-akpọ Tinubu Square na Lagos Island, ebe a maara dị ka Independence Square, aha ya. Ita Tinubu (Tinubu's precinct ma ọ bụ Tinubu Square) bụ nke a maara ogologo oge site na aha ahụ tupu nnwere onwe mba ahụ, mana ndị isi nke Republic Mbụ gbanwere aha ya ka ọ bụrụ Independence Square. Ihe oyiyi nke Tinubu guzo na Abeokuta.[4]

Edensibia

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  1. ↑ Isola (1997). Madam Efunroye Tinubu, the Iyalode of Egba. University Press, 23. 
  2. ↑ Friday (2022). "Nostalgic Reflections and Women's Political Trajectories in Nigeria". Unidel Journal of Humanities: 18–20. 
  3. ↑ Foster (10 April 2014). Tinubu, Madam Efunroye (ca. 1805-1887). The Black Past. Retrieved on 29 October 2014.
  4. ↑ Tinubu Square: A befitting memorial to an Amazon | The Nation Newspaper (en-US) (2013-11-22). Retrieved on 2022-12-22.
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