Elizabeth Drew Stoddard

 

Elizabeth Drew Stoddard (May 6, 1823 - Ọgọst 1, 1902) bụ onye America na-ede uri na onye edemede.

N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe alụmdi na nwunye ya na Richard Henry Stoddard, onye edemede, ọ malitere ibipụta uri na akwụkwọ akụkọ niile bụ isi, ma emesịa, ọ na-enye aka ugboro ugboro. Amaokwu ya dị eluo dere maka ndị na-agụ ọgụgụ isi naanị. Achịkọtaghị ọtụtụ uri ndị o bipụtara n'akwụkwọ akụkọ oge ochie n'ụdị akwụkwọ ruo mgbe e bipụtara uri na 1895. Na mgbakwunye na mmepụta uri ya. o bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ atọ: The Morgesons (New York City, 1862); Ụmụ nwoke abụọ (1865), na Ụlọ Nsọ (1867). Akwụkwọ ndị ahụ ahụghị nnukwu ọrịre mgbe e bipụtara nke mbụ, mana mbipụta nke abụọ, ;[bipụtara na 1888, hụrụ a wider okirikiri nke na-agụ. Ha bụ foto nke ihe nkiri na agwa New England. N'afọ 1874, o bipụtara Lolly Dinks's Doings, akụkọ ụmụaka.1]

Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ

A mụrụ Elizabeth Drew Barstow na Mee 6, 1823, na obere obodo dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Mattapoisett, Massachusetts. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ nke ọma n'ụlọ akwụkwọ obibi dị iche iche ma n'ụbọchị ụlọ akwụkwọ ya gosipụtara mmasị ya n'ebe uri na akwụkwọ n'ozuzu ya. [1]Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Wheaton Seminary, Norton, Massachusetts.

Ọrụ

Mgbe ọ lụsịrị onye na-ede uri Richard Henry Stoddard na 1852, di na nwunye ahụ biri na New York City, ebe ha nọ na New York's vibrant, close-to-near literary and artistic circles. Ọ nyeere di ya aka n'ọrụ edemede ya, ma nye akụkọ, uri na edemede na akwụkwọ akụkọ. E bipụtara ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ ya n'etiti 1859 na 1890 na magazin ndị dị ka The Aldine, Harper's Monthly, Harper'S Bazaar, na The Atlantic Monthly.

A maara Stoddard nke ukwuu taa dị ka onye edemede nke The Morgesons (1862), akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya n'ime akwụkwọ akụkọ atọ. Akwụkwọ akụkọ ya abụọ ndị ọzọ bụ ụmụ nwoke abụọ (1865) na Temple House (1867). Stoddard bụkwa onye ode akwụkwọ nke ukwuu nke akụkọ mkpirisi, akụkọ ụmụaka, uri, edemede, edemede njem, na mpempe akwụkwọ akụkọ.

Ọrụ ya jikọtara ụdị akụkọ nke a ma ama na narị afọ nke iri na itoolu nke nwoke na-akwado na mgbakọ nke akụkọ ifo ịhụnanya ụmụ nwanyị na nyocha mgbanwe a nke esemokwu dị n'etiti ikike ebumpụta ụwa, agụụ, na uche nwanyị, na omenala mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, nkwado ezinụlọ, na mgbochi ọdịnala New England nke na-egbochi ya.

Ọrụ ya a kacha mụọ, The Morgesons na-eme n'otu obere obodo dị n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri, ọ bụkwa akụkọ dị egwu nke ọgụ Cassandra Morgeson na-alụ megide ụkpụrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na okpukpe na-achọ nnwere onwe mmekọahụ, nke ime mmụọ, na nke akụ na ụba. Onye dike na-enweghị nchịkwa, Cassandra abụghị naanị na ọ na-enweta ịhụnanya zuru oke na di ya na nwe ihe onwunwe ezinụlọ ya, kamakwa ọ na-amụta nkà na ihe ndị a tụrụ anya ya n'aka ụmụ nwanyị. N'ịbụ nke e ji ndụ nwanne nne ya, nne ya, na nwanne ya nwanyị mee ihe, ihe ịga nke ọma Cassandra bụ nkwenye dị ịrịba ama na nke siri ike nke ike ụmụ nwanyị iji kpụzie ọdịnihu nke ha. N'igosi njikọta nke melodrama na mmekọahụ nke ịhụnanya Gothic na eziokwu mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke Victorian, The Morgesons na-egosi mgbanwe dị mkpa na mmepe nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ ma na-eme ka ntụnyere n'oge ndụ Stoddard na ndị nna ukwu dị ka Honoré de Balzac, Leo Tolstoy, George Eliot, ụmụnne nwanyị Brontë, na Nathaniel Hawthorne.

Otu isi ihe na-eme ka Stoddard dị mkpa n'akwụkwọ America bụ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ọrụ ya, ụzọ ederede ya si egosipụta ma mebie esemokwu nke ọdịbendị ya nke oge a na ihe atụ ma ọ bụ ụkpụrụ ndị e nwetara n'oge gara aga nke America. Onye bu ụzọ nke ndị edemede mpaghara Mary Eleanor Wilkins Freeman, Sarah Orne Jewett, na Kate Chopin, yana onye bu ụzọ nke American modernism, ihe odide Stoddard dị ịrịba ama maka ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ enweghị mmetụta, ojiji zuru oke nke irony, omimi nke uche nke ihe odide ndị a dọrọ adọrọ, nkọwa ikuku siri ike nke New England, asụsụ dị mkpirikpi, na ojiji ọhụrụ nke olu na nhazi akụkọ. Nnyocha ya banyere mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị, ihe kachasị mkpa nke akụkọ ifo ya, na-enyocha mmetụta uche sitere n'ịhụnanya na ọchịchọ na nlelị, ime ihe ike, na ịda mbà n'obi.

Ọrụ ndị a họọrọ

• Stoddard (1997). The Morgesons. Toronto: Penguin Classics. ISBN 0-14-043651-0. 
• Stoddard (1984). The Morgesons and other writings, published and unpublished. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-7924-7. OCLC 10183456. 
• Stoddard (2008). Two Men. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 978-0803293472. 

Edensibia

Onye e nyere ya

• Isiokwu a gụnyere ederede sitere na isi iyi a, nke dị nangalaba ọha na eze: .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}Willard, Frances Elizabeth; Livermore, Mary Ashton Rice (1893). A Woman of the Century: Iri na anọ Hundred-seventy Biographical Sketches Accompanied by Portraits of Leading American Women in All Walks of Life (Public domain ed.). Moulton 

Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

• Felker (1993). Reinventing Cotton Mather in the American Renaissance: Magnalia Christi Americana in Hawthorne, Stowe, and Stoddard. Boston: Northeastern University Press. ISBN 1-55553-187-3. 
• Opfermann (2003). Stories. Boston: Northeastern University Press. ISBN 1-55553-562-3. Retrieved on 2006-10-19. 
• Putzi (2000). Tattooed still: The Inscription of Female Agency in Elizabeth Stoddard's The Morgesons" Legacy. University of Nebraska Press, 165–173. 
• Mahoney (2004). in Cain: Elizabeth Stoddard and the Boundaries of Bourgeois Culture, Studies in Major Literary Authors. New York City, NY: Routledge. ISBN 9781135883416. 
• Moss (1992). Domestic Novelists in the Old South. baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. ISBN 0-8071-2796-5. Retrieved on 2006-10-19. 
• (2003) in Smith: American Culture, Canons, and the Case of Elizabeth Stoddard. Tuscaloosa: U of Alabama. 
• Stockton (2006). "'A Crusade against Duty': Property, Self-Possession, and the Law in the Novels of Elizabeth Stoddard". The New England Quarterly 79 (3): 413–438. 

Njikọ mpụga

• Ọrụ Elizabeth StoddardnaỌrụ Gutenberg
• Ọrụ Elizabeth Drew Stoddard ma ọ bụ banyere yanaEbe Ndebe Ihe Ochie n'Intanet
• Ọrụ Elizabeth Drew StoddardnaLibriVox (Akwụkwọ ndị a na-ege ntị n'ógbè ọha na eze)
• Chapter 3: Early Nineteenth Century - Elizabeth Stoddard. PAL: Perspectives in American Literature- A Research and Reference Guide (Aug 20, 2002). Archived from the original on Oct 3, 2002.