Ezekiel Emanuel

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Ezekiel Emanuel
Ezekiel Emanuel
Mmádu
ụdịekerenwoke Dezie
mba o sịNjikota Obodo Amerika Dezie
Aha enyereEzekiel, Jonathan Dezie
aha ezinụlọ yaEmanuel Dezie
Ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya6 Septemba 1957 Dezie
Ebe ọmụmụChicago Dezie
ŃnàBenjamin Emanuel Dezie
nwanneAri Emanuel, Rahm Emanuel Dezie
asụsụ ọ na-asụ, na-ede ma ọ bụ were na-ebinye akaBekee Dezie
Ọrụ ọ na-arụoncologist, bioethicist Dezie
ụdị ọrụ yabioethics Dezie
onye were ọrụHarvard Medical School, University of Pennsylvania Dezie
ebe agụmakwụkwọHarvard Medical School, Amherst College, University of Oxford, Exeter College Dezie
ogo mmụtaBachelor of Arts, Master of Science, Doctor of Medicine, Doctor of Philosophy Dezie
affiliationUniversity of Pennsylvania Press Dezie
affiliation stringUniversity of Pennsylvania Dezie
so naWorld Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2015, World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2016 Dezie
Onye òtù nkeAssociation of American Physicians, National Academy of Medicine, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, National Academy of Social Insurance, COVID-19 Advisory Board Dezie
Ihe nriteGuggenheim Fellowship, Bancroft Prize Dezie
webụsaịtịhttps://www.ezekielemanuel.com/ Dezie
curriculum vitae URLhttps://www.ezekielemanuel.com/s/CV.pdf Dezie

Ezikiel Jonathan “Zeke” Emanuel (amuru September 6, 1957) bu onye okacha amara n’ihe ihe oncology nke America, bioethicist [1] na onye otu ibe ya na Center for American Progress .  Ọ bụ onye isi ugbu a osote Provost maka Global Initiatives na Mahadum Pennsylvania na onye isi nke Ngalaba Ethics Medical and Health Policy.  Na mbụ, Emanuel jere ozi dị ka Diane na Robert Levy University Prọfesọ na Penn.  Ọ na-enwe ọganihu na Mahadum Pennsylvania School of Medicine na Wharton School ma bụrụ onye prọfesọ na-akpa mmetụta na Harvard Medical School ruo 1998 mgbe ọ ngwaọrụ na National Institutes of Health .

. [1]Na Nọvemba 9, 2020, Onye isi ala- òkùra Joe Biden gosiri Emanuel ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime ndị otu 16 nke Kọmitii Ndụmọdụ COVID-19

agụmakwụkwọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

.Emanuel bụ nwa-nwoke nke Benjamin M. Emanuel na Marsha (Smulevitz) Emanuel.  Nna ya, Benjamin M. Emanuel, bụ onye ọrụ na Jerusalem [1] dibia bekee bụbu onye otu Irgun, otu ndị otu ndị Juu na-arụ ọrụ na Mandate Palestine .  Ọ na-elekọta ndị ogbenye na-akwaga mba ọzọ n'efu ma na-eduzi iji agba nke dị ize ndụ nye ụgbọ;  [2] dị ka nke 2010 o biri na mpaghara Chicago.  [1] Nne Emanuel, Marsha, onye akwụkwọ na onye na-elekọta mmadụ nke psychiatric bụ onye a na-ekwure na North Lawndale obodo na Chicago's West Side, na-arụsi ọrụ ike na ikike obodo, ndị Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) Ya na ụmụ ya na-aga njem na ihe ngosi. N'ajụjụ ọnụ 2009, Emanuel chetara na n'oge ọ bụ nwata "ichegbu onwe ya maka ajụjụ gbasara ụkpụrụ bụ akụkụ nke usoro anyị na-eme kwa ụbọchị." [2]

[3]Mgbe ọ gụchara akara post-doctoral ya, Emanuel gbasoro ọrụ na nkà ọgwụ, na-arrịgo n'ọkwa prọfesọ na-akpa mmekọrịta na Harvard Medical School na 1997. [1] N'oge na-ahụ anya, ọ hụ n'anya  nsogbu na eze, ma gbasaakwa n'ọkwa onye isi nke ngalaba na-ahụ maka ihe ndị dị ndụ na Clinical Center nke US National Institutes of Health .  Emanuel jere ozi dị ka onye ntakiri iche maka mgbasa ozi nye Peter Orszag, onye bụbu onye ntụzi nke Office of Management and Budget na ụdị Obama .  [2] Emanuel batara na ahụ nwere echiche dị iche iche site n'aka President Barack Obama otu esi emezi nke ngwaọrụ, mana ndị ọrụ ibe kwuru na ọ na-arụ ọrụ maka mmepụta . Ụlọ ọcha [3]

N'akwụkwọ akụkọ na n'akwụkwọ ya Healthcare, Guaranteed, Emanuel kwuru na a ga-ekwe nkwa nlekọta ahụike zuru ụwa ọnụ site n'iji dochie anya mkpuchi nlekọta ahụike onye ọrụ na-akwụ ụgwọ, Medicaid na Medicare na akwụkwọ nlekọta ahụike kwadoro site na ụtụ isi bara uru. Atụmatụ ya ga-enye ndị ọrịa ohere idobe otu dọkịta ọbụlagodi na ha gbanwere ọrụ ma ọ bụ atụmatụ mkpuchi. Ọ ga-ebelata ụgwọ ọrụ maka nlekọta mgbochi na ụtụ isi ma ọ bụ machibido nri ndị na-adịghị mma n'ụlọ akwụkwọ. Ọ katọrọ echiche nke ịchọ ka ndị mmadụ zụta mkpuchi ahụike. Otú ọ dị, ọ na-akwado atụmatụ Obama maka mgbanwe nlekọta ahụike, n'agbanyeghị na ha dị iche na nke ya. [2]

N'ime otu edemede nke Ezikiel Emanuel na Victor Fuchs dere, Emanuel dere na nwata nke onye ọrụ nwe "enweghị arụ ọrụ na ụlọ ezi", na Medicaid bụ "klas nke abụọ" na inyekwu ndị ndu n'iche echiche ụzọ ndị  ahụ ga-abụ.  wuo na "usoro gbajiri agbaji".O kwuru, sị, "n'oge na-adịghị anya, ha na-achọkwu ego iji kpuchie ndị na-enweghị mkpuchi, na n'ikpeazụ, ịrị elu na-akwụghị ụgwọ nke ahụike ahụike ga-eme ka nsogbu nke ndị na-enweghị mkpuchi pụta ngwa ngwa." Ọ tụrụ aro ka e mepụta ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị etiti iji nwalee ịdị irè nke teknụzụ nlekọta ahụike ọhụrụ. [4]

Na $2 trillion kwa afọ, usoro nlekọta ahụike US na-ata ahụhụ nke ukwuu site na adịghị arụ ọrụ karịa enweghị ego. Usoro a na-efunahụ ego na nchịkwa, ule ndị na-adịghị mkpa na ọgwụ ndị na-eri obere ego maka obere uru ahụike. Ọ na-enyekwa mkpali ego siri ike iji chekwaa adịghị arụ ọrụ dị otú ahụ.</br></br> Saịtị n'ịkwalite usoro dị mfe dị ugbu a, wee welie ndị a na-eme ka agbamume ahụ gbagọrọ agbagọ .</br></br> Ọzọkwa, ọbụna atụmatụ ndị na-ebelata ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-enweghị mkpuchi ego taa nwere ike ịchọpụta na uru ndị ahụ ga-apụ n'anya n'ime afọ ole na ole ma ọ bụrụ na ọnụ ahịa na-aga n'ihu na-eto ngwa ngwa karịa ngwa ahịa ụlọ. Ka ọnụ ahịa na-arị elu, ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ga-ahapụ mkpuchi ma kwụọ obere ụtụ isi ma ọ bụ ụgwọ ndị akwadoro. Steeti ga-achọpụta na ọnụ ahịa karịrị ego ha ga-enweta na a ga-ewepụkwa ya. [4]

Emanuel na Fuchs na-ajụ usoro otu onye na-akwụ ụgwọ, n'ihi na ọ na-emegide ụkpụrụ America nke onye ọ bụla. "Nsogbu kachasị na onye na-akwụ otu onye na-akwụ ụgwọ bụ ọdịda ya ijikọta na ụkpụrụ ndị America bụ isi. Otu onye na-akwụ ụgwọ na-etinye onye ọ bụla n'ime otu usoro nwere otu mkpuchi ma mee ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-agaghị ekwe omume ịgbakwunye ihe eji enyere ndụ aka na ọrụ site na ahịa nkeonwe."

Ọgwụgwụ nke ndụ mmadụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

N'akwụkwọ ya bụ Ends of Human Life [5] Emanuel ji onye ọrịa AIDS "Andrew" mee ihe atụ nke nsogbu ahụike ahụike. Andrew gwara otu ndị na-akwado mpaghara okwu wee binye aka na ndụ ga-arịọ ka ewepụrụ usoro nkwado ndụ ma ọ bụrụ na enweghị atụmanya ezi uche dị na ya maka mgbake. E nyeghị onye ọ bụla akwụkwọ ikike ahụ ma dowe ya n'akpa ego ya, ọ dịghịkwa onye e nyere ikike onye ọka iwu. Enwere ajụjụ gbasara ikike ya ebe ọ bụ na o nwere ọrịa AIDS mgbe ọ bịanyere aka na ya. N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, onye hụrụ Andru n'anya kwuru na ya ekwuola banyere ọnọdụ ndị dị otú ahụ, ma rịọ ka e kwe ka Andrew nwụọ. Ezinụlọ Andrew ekwetaghị na Andrew chọrọ ịnwụ. Dr. Wolf zọpụtara ndụ Andrew na mbụ, mana kwere nkwa na ya ga-enyere ya aka izere "ọnwụ nhụsianya". Ndị ICU chọrọ nduzi sitere n'aka Dr. Wolf maka etu ha kwesịrị isi na-agba mbọ idebe Andrew ndụ, n'ihi na ohere ọ nwere ịlanarị njide obi bụ ihe dị ka efu. A jụrụ ịnabata ndị ọrịa abụọ ọzọ dị oke egwu n'oge na-adịbeghị anya n'ihi ụkọ akwa. Enwere ajụjụ gbasara ma onye hụrụ Andrew nọchiri anya ọchịchọ Andrew ka ọ bụ nke ya. Enwekwara ajụjụ gbasara ma nne na nna Andrew maara Andrew karịa ndị ọzọ, ka ọ bụ na obi amamikpe kpaliri ha ịjụ njirimara Andrew dị ka nwoke nwere mmasị nwoke. Ọnụ ọgwụgwọ ike ike bụ $2,000 kwa ụbọchị. [5]

Nsogbu a na-egosi ihe ịma aka nke ụkpụrụ omume nke ọbụna ndị dọkịta nwere akọ na uche na-eche ihu, na mgbakwunye na nzuzo nzuzo nke onye ọrịa, ihe nkwenye ahụ pụtara, na ụkpụrụ omume nke ọgwụgwọ nnwale, transplanting genes ma ọ bụ ụbụrụ ụbụrụ. Ọzọkwa, ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ ndị kwenyere na e kwesịrị inye nwa amaala ọ bụla nlekọta ahụike zuru oke, ole na ole na-ekwenye na otu esi akọwa ihe nlekọta ahụike zuru oke. Ọtụtụ n'ime okwu ndị a abụrụla ihe mgbagwoju anya nke omume. Ụmụ ọhụrụ ndị a ga-amụ nwere nnukwu nkwarụ ọmụmụ na-enwe nnukwu nsogbu n'omume, na nkà na ụzụ ọgwụ na-eme ka ọ sie ike mgbe ụfọdụ ịkọwa ihe ọnwụ bụ n'ihe banyere ụbụrụ mebiri ndị ọrịa na-eku ume. Enwekwara ajụjụ gbasara ụkpụrụ gbasara otu esi ekenye akụrụngwa dị ụkọ. Agbanyeghị, iyi Hippocratic bụ ihe akaebe na teknụzụ ahụike abụghị ihe kpatara ajụjụ ahụike gbasara ụkpụrụ omume. [5]

. [5]Emanuel gosipụtara na "nkwe mpempe akwụkwọ onwe" nwere ike ịbụ mmetụta ya.  Ụmụ amaala, dị ka echiche a si dị, e nyere ikike dị mkpa iji sonye na nwa ụka onye kwuo uche ya dabere na "echiche nke ndụ dị mma".  nwanne, nwanne ike nke akwụkwọ ikike site na puku kwuru puku ndị obodo (CHP), nke ọ ALA n'ime ha ga- ekwere nke ya maka ọrịa ọha.  CHP ọ àlà ga- nta ọrụ a ga-ekpuchi dị ka isi, yana ọrụ ndị a na-ekpuchi.  [1]

Mmegide nke iwu euthanasia (1997)[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

. Emanuel kwuru na-ahụ euthanasia n'iwu, dị ka e mere na Netherlands, nwere ike bụrụ ihe na-adịghị mma, na ọ ga-enwe nkwado maka mgbasa ozi na-akpa uche.  ọkọlọtọ, Emanuel na-akwado iji ebido na-enye ndị na-ahụ maka mmemme egwuregwu ha mgbe ha akarazi ikerịta ụka.  [1] Ezikiel, na izi ya mbụ Linda Emanuel, onye MD Ph.D.  bioethicist na geriatrician, kere Medical Directive, nke a ike dị ka nke a kapịrị ọnụ na sara mbara n'oge ndụ ndụ [2] na bụ ụgbọ nke atọ Advance Directive.  [3] [4] Ọ na-ekwu na Hippocratic Oath na-agbagha nsogbu na mmegide euthanasia bụ nke oge a.  [5] Emanuel kwuru na ọnụ ọgụgụ ka ukwuu nke ndị ọrịa na-anwụ, “ikwenye euthanasia n'iwu ma ọ bụ igbu onwe onye Nwe Aba uru ọ lụba.  N'ụzọ ụzọ nke ahụ, ọ ga-abụ ụzọ isi zere siri siri ike na ị na-agbara siri ike a na-enwe n'aka ndị agha na ndị na-ahụ maka ndị ọrụ ndị ọzọ iji hụ na ndị ọrịa na-anwụ anwụ na-enweta ego  6] Emanuel kwuru na ihe ndị mere eme echiche na euthanasia si Gris ochie oge ka ugbu a "na-atụ aro njikọ n'etiti ọkọlọtọ legalize euthanasia na oge mgbe Social Darwinism na raw individualism,  free aha na akụ na dị, na oke na-eme emee."

Emanuel kwuru na ọ bụ akụkọ ifo na ọtụtụ ndị ọrịa na-achọ ịnwụ anwụ na-ahọrọ euthanasia n'ihi na ha na-enwe oke mgbu. O kwuru na n'ahụmahụ nke ya, "ndị nwere ihe mgbu nwere ike imegide ndị dọkịta na-enyere aka igbu onwe ha na euthanasia." O kwuru na o yikarịrị ka ndị ọrịa ga-achọ euthanasia n'ihi "ịda mbà n'obi na nhụjuanya n'ozuzu nke uche ... enweghị nchịkwa ma ọ bụ nke ùgwù, nke ịbụ ibu arọ, na ịdabere." O kwukwara na ụdị euthanasia nke iwu kwadoro nke a na-eme na Netherlands ga-eduga n'omume " mkpọda na-amị amị " nke ga-eme ka ọ dịrị ndị dọkịta mfe ịkọwapụta euthanasia mgbe ọ ga-azọpụta ha nsogbu nke ihicha akwa akwa na ma ọ bụghị ilekọta ndị ọrịa chọrọ. ibi ndụ. O kwuru na euthanasia nke iwu kwadoro na Netherlands agbasoghị ụkpụrụ iwu niile, na ụfọdụ ụmụ amụrụ ọhụrụ na-agbapụ n'agbanyeghị na ha enweghị ike ịnye nkwenye iwu chọrọ. Dị ka Emanuel si kwuo, "Ihe ọmụmụ Netherlands egosighị na ikwe ka ndị dọkịta nyere aka igbu onwe ya na euthanasia agaghị eduga na euthanasia nke ụmụaka, ndị nwere nkwarụ, ndị isi mgbaka, ndị agadi, na ndị ọzọ. N'ezie, nnọgidesi ike nke mmegbu na imebi ihe nchebe, n'agbanyeghị mgbasa ozi na amamikpe, na-atụ aro na ihe egwu na-atụ egwu nke ịkwado iwu bụ kpọmkwem ihe si na ya pụta." [6] Emanuel kwuputara nchegbu ya na enwere ike iji nrụgide mmefu ego mee ka euthanasia ziri ezi ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ iwu.

Emanuel kwuru na nzọrọ nke ịzọpụta ọnụ ahịa n'aka igbu onwe onye bụ mgbagha, na ọnụ ahịa ndị dị otú ahụ pere mpe, gụnyere naanị pasenti 0.1 nke mkpokọta mmefu ahụike. [7]

." [8]Betsy McCaughey ndị Ezikiel Emanuel dị ka “Dọkịta na-egbu egbu” na echiche echiche New York Post .  [1] Edemede ahụ, nke boro Emanuel ebubo na ọ na-akwado usoro ndabere site na awụ na akpata, onye isi anya Michele Bachmann nke Minnesota nwude ya n'ala nke Ndị Nnọchiteanya.  [2] Sarah Palin zoro okwu Bachmann wee kwuo na nkà ihe nke Emanuel bụ "Orwellian" na "ihe ihe dị njọ", ma kechie ya na , 5 kwuru na njedebe nke nwata akwụkwọ ọ na-ekwu na ọ ga-enweta "  onye panel ".  [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] Emanuel kwuru na ike panel akwụkwọ Palin bụ "Orwellian".  [10] Palin mechara kwuo na 'agbapụtala okwu ọnụ ọnụ ya' na meta Emanuel bụ "ihe na-akpasu mmadụ iwe" na "na-awụ akpata oyi".  [11] Na mmemme redio nke mbụ Fred Thompson, McCaughey dɔro aka ná ntĩ na " ngere ahụ ike ga-eme ka ọ bụrụ iwu - na-achọrọ kpamkpam na afọ ise ọ mgbasa ozi n' na Medicare nwere ikike akwụkwọ nke ga  -agwa ha ka ha ga-esi agba ndụ ha ngwa."  O kwuru na nrị ndị ahụ ga-enyere ndị agadi aka aka otú e si ajụjụ “ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ́, otú e si ajụ mmiri, otú e si banye na ụlọ ọgwụ ... ihe niile iji mee ihe ga-  adabara ụmụ mmadụ ma ọ bụ maka akụkụ gị na ibibi ndụ gị.  " [12] Dị ka The New York Times kwuru, [13] conservative pundits na-atụnyere Nazi Germany 's T4 euthanasia mmemme na Obama's atumatu laa azụ na November 2008, na-akpọ ha "America's T4 program-trivialization of ite ime,  ọrịa nke euthanasia, na normalization nke dibịa nyere aka igbu onwe."

[9]PolitiFact mpaghara McCaughey dị ka "ụgha na-akpa ọchị."  [1] [2] [3] [4] FactCheck.org kwuru, sị, "Anyị na a na-agbagọ ihe Emanuel. N'otu isiokwu, ọ na-ekwu maka nkà ihe, na nke ọzọ, ọ na  -ede otu esi eme nhọrọ mma mgbe a manyere ya ikike nke ndị ọrịa na-ebufe nke ahụ ma ọ bụ ọgwụ mgbe ọnweghị oke."  [5] [6] Otu dị na Time.com kwuru na Emanuel “na-ekwu okwu naanị n'okwu dị oke egwu dị ka inye onyinye ahụ, ebe nchekwa nchekwa.  .  .  'A na-ihe ndị m kwuru n'okwu a."  Emanuel kwuru na echiche "panel Ọnwụ" bụ "ụgha kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ, ihe kpụrụ akpụ zuru oke.  Na ihe nkiri anya, abụọ ihu, ihe mgbagha bụ na ọtụtụ n'ime ndị na-ebuso m agha ugbu a na-echeta ndụ ndụ na-emetụta mgbasa mgbasa nke njedebe nke ndụ, tupu ha ekiri ya n'ihi ndị agha." "  M gbasiri mbọ ike na imegide ihe isi ike iji mgbasa njedebe nke ndụ.  Ya mere inwe ahụ ahụ na ọrụ ahụ gbagọrọ agbagọ - ọ bụ ihe na-awụ akpata oyi n'ahụ

Emanuel mere ka ọ dị iche n'etiti ọrụ ndị bụ isi nke ekwesịrị ijide n'aka na onye ọ bụla sitere na ọrụ ahụike nwere ezi uche na-akwadoghị. Ihe ga-esi na ya pụta ga-abụ usoro okpukpu abụọ, ebe ndị nwere ego buru ibu nwere ike ịnyekwu ọrụ uche. Ọ hụrụ ọdịda akọwapụtaghị ọrụ ndị bụ isi dịka ihe kpatara mbọ a na-agba na mkpuchi nlekọta ahụike zuru ụwa ọnụ dara. N'ihi ya, nkwenye na nlekọta ahụike zuru ụwa ọnụ ga-achọ ụgwọ na-akparaghị ókè na-eme ka mgbalị ọ bụla na-enye nlekọta ahụike zuru ụwa ọnụ yiri ka ọ ga-akwụsị na enweghị ego nke mba. Kama mkpuchi zuru ụwa ọnụ nke nlekọta ahụike bụ isi, ndị nwere mkpuchi nke ọma nwere mkpuchi maka ọtụtụ ụdị nlekọta ahụike nwere uche na enweghị mkpuchi maka ụfọdụ ụdị nlekọta ahụike. Emanuel kwuru na ka ị na-esetịpụ ahịrị ikewapụ nlekọta ahụike bụ isi na nke zuru ụwa ọnụ na nlekọta ahụike ezi uche siri ike, ekwesịrị ịme mbọ ahụ. [10]Emanuel kwuru nkà ihe ndị nke Amy Gutmann, Norman Daniels na Daniel Callahan mgbe ha na-arụrịta ụka na e nwere ndakọrịta n'etiti liberalism na communitarianism ebe obodo republicanism na deliberative ochichi na-ezukọ.  [1] Dị ka The Atlantic si kwuo, Emanuel na-amụ nkà ihe nke John Rawls na-arụrịta ụka na ọha mmadụ na- otu uru (ịha nhata) ụfọdụ nke ọzọ (obodo dị mma), na ngbanwe a nwere ike  ịbụ ọrụ oke nhọrọ na mgbasa ozi.  [2] PolitiFact na-ekwu na Emanuel na-Amụma eziokwu ahụ bụ na ndị na-ede na-emekarị nhọrọ siri ike, dị ka onye edoro ntụkwasị obi imeju.  [3] PolitiFact iche, "Ndị na-edekarị echiche echiche echiche ndị na-agbagharị gburugburu. Ha na-ekwughachi ma echiche ndị echiche, na-akwadoghị ha."  [3]

N'afọ 2009, Govind Persad, Alan Wertheimer na Ezikiel Emanuel dekọrọ otu isiokwu ọzọ n'akwụkwọ akụkọ Lancet . [11] Ezikiel bụ otu n'ime ndị odee atọ bụ ndị jikọtara ụkpụrụ maka oke ọrụ ahụike dị ụkọ, nke na-enyocha usoro usoro ọmụmụ asatọ maka ime ihe banyere "oke nke usoro ọgwụgwọ dị ụkọ dị ka akụkụ ahụ na ọgwụ mgbochi." Ekpebiri ụzọ asatọ niile na-erughị nke zuru oke, na usoro ndụ zuru oke na-ejikọta ọtụtụ n'ime ha. [11]

Mgbe akụrụngwa (akụkụ, ọgwụ mgbochi na ihe ndị ọzọ) dị ụkọ, usoro ndụ zuru oke na-agwakọta ụzọ ise dị iche iche (ewezuga nke mbụ na-ebute ụzọ, ọrịa mbụ na nkwụghachi ụgwọ) mana ọ dị arọ maka ịchekwa ọtụtụ afọ nke ndụ. Otú ọ dị, ọ na-ekwusikwa ike mkpa ọ dị ịchekwa nnukwu ego nke nzụlite na agụmakwụkwọ a na-etinye na nwata. Ọ gaghị amasị ndị na-eto eto mgbe prognosis dara ogbenye na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke afọ ndụ a zọpụta agaghị adị ukwuu, mgbe a na-emeso ụkọ. [11]

Emanuel kwuru na e hotara okwu ya nke ọma, ma na-akọwahie echiche ya. O kwuru, sị, "M na-ahụ na ọ dị ntakịrị ihe na-agbawa obi, mgbe ọrụ ọrụ zuru oke na-arụ ọrụ nke a raara nye iji kwalite nlekọta ndị mmadụ na njedebe nke ndụ, na ugbu a, m 'na-akwado euthanasia panels'" [12] Emanuel ji ọrụ ya na-emegide euthanasia wee nata ọtụtụ onyinye maka mbọ ọ na-agba iji melite njedebe nke nlekọta ndụ. Emanuel kwuru, sị, "Ọ bụ ihe ịtụnanya etu a ga-esi mebie aha mmadụ ma wepụ ya n'ọnọdụ ya" yana "Ọ dịghị onye gụrụ ihe m mere kemgbe afọ 25 ga-abịa na nkwubi okwu ndị e depụtara n'ebe ahụ." [13]

"The zuru okè oké ifufe nke overutilization" (2008)[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

N'akwụkwọ akụkọ 2008 nke Journal of the American Medical Association "The Perfect Storm of Overutilization" Emanuel kwuru, "N'ozuzu, mmefu nlekọta ahụike US bụ 2.4 ugboro nkezi nke mba niile mepere emepe ($ 2759 kwa onye),  ma nsonaazụ ahụike maka ndị ọrịa US, ma a tụrụ ya site na ndụ ndụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị ọrịa na-anwụ kpọmkwem, ma ọ bụ mgbanwe ndị ọzọ, enweghị mmasị." . [14]O kwuru na ọgwụ na ọnụ dị oke ọnụ nke na-enye ikike uru dị bụ nsogbu.  Ịkwụ ụgwọ maka ọrụ, ahịgwọ ọgwụ ndị na-eduzi, yana iwu mmejọ na nwa ọgwụ na-akpa na-akwado iji eme ihe .  Ịre Aha Aha na-ere site n'aka ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụ na-ebulikwa ọnụ aha.  [1]

Emanuel kwuru na nkwụghachi ụgwọ maka ọrụ na-akwado itinye ego na nlekọta ahụike adịghị arụ ọrụ. Otú ọ dị, ekwesịrị itinyekwu ego na nchọpụta aghụghọ, ịhazi ọrụ ahụike maka ndị ọrịa nwere ọtụtụ ndị dọkịta, na nyochaa ịdị irè nke teknụzụ ahụike ọhụrụ dị ka mkpụrụ ndụ mkpịsị aka mkpụrụ ndụ maka ọrịa cancer na ụzọ ka mma nke ijikwa ahịrị eriri afọ. </link>

.N'ime edemede 2007 Conflict of Interest in Industry-sponsored Drug Development [1] Emanuel kwuru na ndị ọrụ dị n'etiti ihe ndị bụ isi nke ndị na-eme ọgwụ (na-eduzi na ibipụta ule dị mma na ichebe onye  ọrịa) na nke abụọ (nwere dị n'aka na ụlọ ọrụ na ego sitere na ụlọ ọrụ).  amụ, ule ndị ụlọ ọrụ na-akwado ka ọ ga-eji usoro ogbugba kpuru abụọ na randomization, ma yikwara ka ha debere ọnwụ ihe wee kwuo mmiri. Ọzọkwa, ọ dịghị ihe àmà na-egosi na ndị ọrịa na-emerụ ahụ site na nchọpụta dị otú ahụ. Otú ọ dị, e nwere ihe àmà na-egosi na ego na-emetụta otú e si akọwa nsonaazụ ule. Emanuel kwuru gbasara ọmụmụ Selfox banyere iji ndị na-egbochi ọwa calcium na-agwọ ọbara mgbali elu, nke ndị na-ede akwụkwọ nwere mmasị na ego na nsonaazụ ya kọrọ ezigbo nsonaazụ karịa ndị ọzọ. Nke ka njọ, a ga-ebipụta nsonaazụ ule nke ụlọ ọrụ na-akwado bụ naanị ma ọ bụrụ na nsonaazụ ya dị mma. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'ime nchọpụta Whittington maka data gbasara ndị na-emechi ihe nchịkwa serotonin ahọpụtara, nsonaazụ ọjọọ adịchaghị ebipụta karịa nsonaazụ dị mma. Otú ọ dị, na Ọrụ nke isonye na nyocha biomedical [15] ndị odee Schaefer, Emanuel na Wertheimer kwuru na a ga-agba ndị mmadụ ume ka ha leba anya na ntinye aka na nchọpụta biomedical dị ka ọrụ obodo, n'ihi ọdịmma ọha na eze nwere ike ịkpata. [15]

Nkwenye[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Emanuel enwetala otutu nkwanye ugwu na onyinye, gụnyere Toppan Dissertation Prize, Harvard award for best political science dissertation of 1988 [16] na Dan David Prize maka onyinye ya na ngalaba bioethics na 2018. [17] [18]

Ndụ onwe onye[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Emanuel bụ nna gbara alụkwaghịm nke nwere ụmụ nwanyị atọ. [19] [20]

Hụkwa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  • Ogologo ndụ aha njirimara a gbara ọnụ ọnụ mgbe okwu ịkpọ na 2014 Foto ọhaneze Sarah Palin isi nke ndị otu National Academy of Medicine isi ndị mmadụ si Wilmette, Illinois Ndị otu Council on Foreign Relations ndụ
  • Ndepụta ajụjụ a gbara ajụjụ ọnụ mgbe okwu gasịrị na 2014
  • Foto ọhaneze Sarah Palin
  • Ndepụta nke ndị otu National Academy of Medicine
  • Ndepụta ndị mmadụ si Wilmette, Illinois
  • Ndị otu Council on Foreign Relations

Ntụaka[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  1. Mucha. "Biden transition team announces coronavirus advisers, including whistleblower Rick Bright", CNN, November 9, 2020. Retrieved on 9 November 2020.
  2. 2.0 2.1 Pear. "A hard-charging doctor on Obama's team", The New York Times, 2009-04-17. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Pear" defined multiple times with different content
  3. Ward. "Dr. 'Zeke' Emanuel's challenge", The Washington Times, 2009-03-24. Retrieved on 2009-08-13.
  4. 4.0 4.1 Ezekiel J. Emanuel and Victor R. Fuchs, February 7, 2007, Beyond Health-Care Band-Aids, The Washington Post, Beyond Health-Care Band-Aids
  5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 The Ends of Human Life: Medical Ethics in a Liberal Polity, Ezekiel J. Emanuel, Harvard University Press 1994, copyright 1991
  6. Ezekiel Emanuel, March 1997, The Atlantic, Whose Right to Die?
  7. Ezekiel Emanuel and Margaret Battin, New England Journal of Medicine, June 16, 1998, What Are the Potential Cost Savings from Legalizing Physician-Assisted Suicide?
  8. EDITORIAL: No 'final solution,' but a way forward, November 23, 2008, The Washington Times, EDITORIAL: No 'final solution,' but a way forward
  9. Jocelyn Noveck, August 25, 2009, CAPITAL CULTURE: Another Emanuel in the spotlight, AP, Newsday, CAPITAL CULTURE: Another Emanuel in the spotlight
  10. PolitiFact.com Bachmann says Obama health adviser thinks health care ought not to be extended to the disabled
  11. 11.0 11.1 11.2 Persad, G. (2009-01-31). "Principles for allocation of scarce medical interventions". The Lancet 373 (9661): 423–431. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60137-9. PMID 19186274. 
  12. Naftali Bendavid, The Wall Street Journal, August 13, 2009, Emanuel's Brother Becomes a Target
  13. Scherer, Michael. "Ezekiel Emanuel, Obama's 'Deadly Doctor,' Strikes Back", Time, 12 August 2009.
  14. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named JAMAJune18
  15. 15.0 15.1 The Obligation to Participate in Biomedical Research, G. Owen Schaefer, Ezekiel J. Emanuel, Alan Wertheimer, JAMA. 2009;302(1):67-72.
  16. Emanuel, Ezekiel J.. Curriculum Vitae. Archived from the original on 2009-08-24.
  17. Prize. Prof. Ezekiel Emanuel (en-gb). www.dandavidprize.org. Retrieved on 2020-04-21.
  18. Ezekiel Emanuel Awarded $1M Dan David Prize (en). ethics.harvard.edu. Retrieved on 2020-04-21.
  19. Profile with Gabrielle Emanuel. The Rhodes Project (2013). Retrieved on 2020-11-15.
  20. Yale Undergraduates Win Rhodes, Mitchell Scholarships. Yale University (2008-11-26). Retrieved on 2020-11-15.

Isi mmalite[dezie | dezie ebe o si]