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Gertrude Morgan

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Nwanne nwanyị Gertrude Morgan (Eprel 7, 1900 - Julaị 8, 1980) [1] [2] bụ onye America na-ese ihe, onye egwu, onye na-agụ uri na onye nkwusa. Amụrụ na LaFayette, Alabama, ọ kwagara New Orleans na 1939, ebe o biri wee rụọ ọrụ ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 1980. [3] Nwanne nwanyị Morgan nwetara otuto dị egwu n'oge ndụ ya maka eserese ndị mmadụ . Agụnyela ọrụ ya n'ọtụtụ ihe ngosi ihe ngosi ọhụụ na nka ọdịnala site na 1970 gawa.

Ndụ mbido[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

A mụrụ Sista Morgan Gertrude Williams na Lafayette, Alabama, nye nne Frances "Fannie" Williams na nna Edward Williams. [2] Ọ bụ nwa nke asaa nke otu ezinụlọ dara ogbenye. [4]

N’ihi ihe ndị a na-amaghị, Nwanna Nwanyị Morgan hapụrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ tupu ya agụchaa klaasị nke atọ. [4] N'ihe dị ka 1917 ezinụlọ ya kwagara Columbus, Georgia, [5] [6] ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ dịka odibo na onye nọọsụ n'ụlọ nkeonwe. [4] [6]

Alụmdi na nwunye[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Gertrude Williams lụrụ Will Morgan na February 12, 1928. [6] Ya na di ya biri na 1324 North Avenue na Columbus, GA. Ọ bụ ezie na e nweghị ihe àmà na-egosi na a gbara alụkwaghịm, a maara na Nwanna Nwaanyị Morgan hapụrụ Columbus nanị ya na 1938, na-ebu ụzọ gaa Alabama ma mesịa gaa New Orleans, bụ́ ebe ọ ga-ebi. [6]

Oku okpukperechi[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ntinye aka na mbụ na chọọchị[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ Sista Morgan tinyere aka n'okpukpe bịara mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ụma, mgbe ọ banyere Rose Hill Memorial Baptist Church, ọgbakọ dị na Columbus, Georgia. Mgbe ọ malitere eserese na 1956, Nwanna Nwanyị Morgan depụtara oge a na ndụ ya na eserese THE ROSE HILL MEMORIAL BAPTiST CHURCH, Columbus Ga. (nd) na Rose Hill Memorial Baptist Church (nd). [6] Eserese ndị a na-akọwa mgbanwe mgbanwe na ndu ụka Rose Hill, ka Reverend Miller nwụsịrị na 1930.

Mkpughe sitere na Chineke[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Nke mbụ n’ime ọtụtụ mkpughe nke Gertrude ga-enweta bịara na 1934. Edere akụkọ nke mkpughe a n'otu ihe osise ya, 1324 NO AVE COLUMBUS GA. (nd). Odewo n'elu ya, sị, "Ịnọdụ n'ime kichin m n'otu abalị, anụrụ m nnukwu olu dị ike na-agwa m na m ga-eme gị ka ị bụrụ akara n'ihi na ahọpụtara m gị, enwetara m ọkpụkpọ a n'ụbọchị 30 nke Dec na 1934. zaa m oku na otu ụbọchị nyela na Pack elu na-aga … a họọrọ arịa nke Chineke ya ebube ịbụ Chineke kpọrọ m a chụrụ m na tụgharịa m n'aka nwa ya nwoke na JESUS sị welie gị obe na-eso m." [6] [7]

Na 1938 mkpughe nke abụọ sochiri, n'ụdị olu nke kwuru, "Gaa-oooo, Onye nkwusa, gwa ya ụwa". Ọ bụ n'afọ a ka ọ hapụrụ Columbus, nke mbụ gawa Opelika, Alabama, wee gaa Mobile na ikekwe Montgomery. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nọọsụ na nwa nwa nwanyị na Opelika na Mobile, na ikekwe malite ọrụ dịka onye na-agwọ ọrịa na onye amụma okporo ụzọ n'oge a. [6]

Ụlọ mgbei na New Orleans[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Mgbe ọ rutere New Orleans na 1939, Nwanna Nwanyị Gertrude zutere mama Margaret Parker na Nwanna Nwanyị Cora Williams. Ụmụnwaanyị abụọ ahụ tinyere aka na ngagharị ịdị nsọ na nke dị nsọ, okwukwe Africa America nke mmemme egwu, egwu na egwu bụ isi. N’oge na-adịghị anya, ụmụ nwanyị atọ ahụ hibere ozi na ebe ụmụ mgbei n’ụlọ nne Parker dị na 533 Flake Avenue na Lower Gentilly, wee na mpụga New Orleans. E ji ego e nwetara site n’ikwusa ozi ọma na ime ihe nkiri n’okporo ámá kwụọ ụlọ ụmụ mgbei ahụ. [6]

Ụmụ nwanyị atọ ahụ chiri uwe ojii, ma nye ihe ruru ụmụ mgbei iri abụọ na ndị gbapụrụ agbapụ n'otu oge. (N'ihe osise Sista Gertrude mere, a na-ese onyinyo ụmụ nwanyị atọ a na uwe mwụda ojii ha, nke ejiri akwa ọcha, eriri na eriri úkwù chọọ ya mma). Ebe Gentilly bụ ime ime obodo n'oge a, ha na-azụ anụ ụlọ ma na-akụ inine n'ala gbara nnukwu ụlọ ahụ gburugburu. Ha mere oriri agbata obi n’ogige ụmụ mgbei, ebe ‘Ndị amụma’ (dị ka Nwanna Nwanyị Morgan ga-emecha kpọọ ha na ihe osise ya) na-akpọ piano, ịgbà, ájà na iti ịgbà. [6] Na mgbakwunye na ikwusa ozi ọma n'okporo ámá, ụmụ nwanyị atọ ahụ gara n'ụlọ mkpọrọ Orleans Parish, na-enye nduzi ime mmụọ maka ndị mkpọrọ, yana ịga obodo ndị ọzọ na Louisiana na Texas maka ogige ụka na nzukọ. Sista Morgan rụrụ ọrụ n’ebe a na-elekọta ụmụ mgbei ruo 1957.

Isi okwu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Na mbụ na-echepụta ihe osise ya dị ka ihe mgbakwunye na nkuzi ozi-ọma ya, [8] A na-edekarị ihe osise Sista Morgan na akụkụ Akwụkwọ Nsọ na egwu na egwu ozi ọma ama ama. N'otu aka ahụ, ihe osise ya nke na-edepụta oge ọ bụ nwata, oge ọ bụ nwata na afọ mbụ na New Orleans ka edere ya na akụkọ nke ihe omume dị iche iche, bụ ndị na-ekwukarị ọrụ ozi ọma ya.

Morgan kwadoro Akwụkwọ Mkpughe karịsịa. William A. Fagaly na-ede, sị: "Ihe odide apocalyptic nke Akwụkwọ Mkpughe na-enye plethora nke ihe oyiyi ọhụụ: Apọkalips na ndị na-agba ịnyịnya anọ ya, onye àmà na-egosi, onye akwụna nke Babilọn, anụ ọhịa ahụ (ya na akara 666), akwụkwọ eluigwe nke akara asaa, Amagedọn, nloghachi nke ndị Juu n’Ala Nsọ, alaeze otu puku afọ nke Kraịst n’elu ụwa, na Jerusalem Ọhụrụ.” [6] Ọ bụ maka ihe osise ya nke Jerusalem Ọhụrụ ka a kacha mara Sista Morgan. Obodo nsọ Jerusalem Ọhụrụ “na-esi n’eluigwe na-arịdata” bụ nke a na-egosipụta mgbe nile dị ka nnukwu ụlọ nwere nnukwu ọnụ ụlọ n’ime ihe ndị o dere. N'ime ụfọdụ ihe osise Jerusalem Ọhụrụ, otu ukwe nke ndị mmụọ ozi dị n'etiti agbụrụ na-achọ eluigwe mma. Ndị otu mmụọ ozi na-agakarị ọtụtụ ihe osise ya, mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka otu n'ime ọtụtụ ihe dị na ihe mejupụtara, na oge ndị ọzọ dị ka naanị isiokwu.

Ihe oyiyi ọzọ na-emegharị ugboro ugboro na ọrụ ya bụ ihe osise onwe ya dị ka Nwunye nke Kraịst, ka ya na Jizọs nọ n'ụgbọelu. Enwere nkọwa na nke a na-ezo aka n'abụ "Oh, Jesus Is My Air-o-plane", nke e dekọrọ na 1930. [6] Ukwe ọzọ, "Jizọs, Onye Nzọpụta, Pilot Me", nke Edward Hopper bipụtara nke mbụ ya na 1871, guzobe ụkpụrụ Jizọs-dị ka-pilot metụtara ya.

Ihe e ji mara ọrụ ya na-emecha site na akara nke ihe odide ndị ahụ. Onyonyo ya na-aghọ obere ihe na n'ụdị ụfọdụ adịghị adị.

Nwanne nwanyị Morgan binyere aka na eserese ya nwere ọtụtụ aha, n'ime ha Black Angel, Nwa Atụrụ a na-alụ ọhụrụ, Nọọsụ nye Dọkịta Jesus, Onye Nkwusa Ozi Ọma Ebighị Ebi, Nwunye nke Kraịst na Nwa nwanyị Etiopia.

Ọrụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

N'ihe dị ka n'afọ 1960, onye na-ere ihe osise Larry Borenstein zutere Nwanna Nwanyị Morgan mgbe ọ na-ekwusa ozi ọma na Quarter French. Ọ kpọrọ ya ka o mee na gosi ọrụ n'ebe a na-ese ihe osise ya ka ọ bịachara n'ebe ọ nọ na-eti mkpu n'akụkụ okporo ámá na-eji megaphone akwụkwọ. [9] Borenstein zụlitere ndị na-ege ntị maka ọrụ ya site n'iwebata ihe osise ya na ndị nchịkọta, ndị na-ese ihe, ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie na ụlọ ngosi ihe ngosi. Lee Friedlander na Andy Warhol bụ ndị na-akwado ọrụ ya. Warhol bụ onye nta akụkọ mgbe ụfọdụ, ebe Friedlander ji Sista Morgan mee ihe dịka isiokwu na foto ya. [10]

Na 1970 onye na-ede uri na onye na-eme ihe nkiri Rod McKuen, onye na-akwado na onye na-anakọta ọrụ Morgan ji ihe atụ iri na atọ nke ya soro otu akwụkwọ nhota Bible, Chineke Kasị Ukwuu . Ọ rere ihe karịrị 300 000 mbipụta.

Otu n'ime ihe nlere ọkụ na eserese sitere na ihe kacha mma nke Chukwu bụ mkpokọta Smithsonian 's Evans-Tibbs. [11] Ihe osise ya Ka anyị Mee ndekọ sitere na 1970s dị na nchịkọta na-adịgide adịgide nke Pérez Art Museum Miami . [12]

Nnukwu ngosi[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Na 1970, e gosiri ọrụ Nwanna Nwanyị Morgan na Arts and Science Center dị na Baton Rouge, LA. [13]

Na 1973 ọrụ ya gụnyere na ihe ngosi Louisiana Folk Painting na Museum of American Folk Art (ugbu a American Folk Art Museum ) na New York. [7] Ihe ngosi mmadụ atọ ahụ gosipụtara ihe karịrị ihe osise 75 nke Nwanna Nwanyị Morgan, yana ndị omenkà ibe ya bụ Clementine Hunter na Bruce Brice. [6] Ọ bụkwa na 1973 ka NOMA gosipụtara ọrụ Nwanna Nwanyị Morgan na nke mbụ, na ihe ngosi akpọrọ Naive Art na Louisiana.

N'afọ 1982, ihe ngosi Black Folk Art na America, 1930-1980 gosipụtara ndị nka iri abụọ (gụnyere Nwanna nwanyị Morgan) na nso ihe osise 400 na ihe ọkpụkpụ. Ọ mepere na Corcoran Museum of Art wee gaa na San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Saint Louis Art Museum, Baltimore Museum of Art, Des Moines Art Center na Cleveland Museum of Art. [14]

Na 2004, nlegharị anya nke mbụ nke ọrụ Morgan The Tools of Her Ministry: Art of Sister Gertrude Morgan meghere na Folk Art Museum na New York City. Ọ bụ William A. Fagaly, onye bụbu onye ntụzi ihe ngosi nka nke New Orleans (NOMA) mere ihe ngosi ahụ. Ihe ngosi a gakwara na NOMA ma mechaa gaa na Center for Intuitive and Outsider Art na Chicago. Ihe ngosi ahụ sonye na mbipụta nke katalọgụ nwere edemede nke William A. Fagaly, Jason A. Berry na Helen M. Shannon dere.

Ọgwụgwụ nke eserese[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Nkà Sista Morgan wetara ya ama na aha ya, ihe a kọrọ na ọ masịrị ya ma nwee mmetụta na-emegiderịta onwe ya. N'afọ 1973 ọ mara ọkwa na Onye-nwe nyere ya iwu ka ọ kwụsị ịse ihe iji tinye uche n'ime nkwusa na uri ya. [4] 'Na-ese ihe ugbu a? Ee e,' ka o kwuru na 1974. Enwere m oke nchegbu. Na-echegbu onwe gị banyere oge ọ bụ na ikpe ekpere na ikpe ndị mmadụ. ' [4]

Egwu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Egwú bụ ngwá ọrụ ọzọ Nwanna Morgan ji eje ozi. Na mmalite 1970s, Let's Make A Record [7] ka edekọtara iji jide Morgan na-abụ abụ ma na-akụ ịgbà ya. N'afọ 2004, ewepụtara ya album mbụ na label Preservation Hall Recordings.

N'afọ 2005, akara Ropeadope wepụtara King Britt na-enye Nwanna nwanyị Gertrude Morgan, bụ nke weere ihe ndekọ cappella/tambourine nke Let's Make A Record ma gbakwunyere mmemme ịkụ egwu nke oge a na ngwá ọrụ. Ndekọ a nwetara nyocha dị egwu [15] wee mepụta ndị na-ege ntị ọhụrụ maka Nwanna nwanyị Gertrude Morgan. Ihe osise album ahụ gosipụtara eserese ya.

Ọrụ ma ọ bụ akwụkwọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  • Morgan, Gertrude. Ka anyị Mee Ndekọ. [New Orleans, Louisiana]: Ndekọ Ụlọ Nzukọ Nchekwa, 2004. Edekọrọ ndụ n'ime ọnụ ụlọ ekpere, 511 Royal Street, New Orleans, Louisiana.
  • Britt, King na Gertrude Morgan. Eze Britt na-enye nwanne nwanyị Gertrude Morgan. [New York]: Ropeadope, 2005. Nwanna nwanyị Gertrude Morgan dekọrọ na mbụ n’Ụlọ Nchekwa, New Orleans, 1968. Eze Britt dekọrọ na Hut na Nautica, Philadelphia.
  • Levin, Gail. Nkà na-aga n'ihu: Nwanna nwanyị Gertrude (2004)

Ọnwụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Na Julaị 8, 1980, Nwanna Nwanyị Morgan nwụrụ n’ụra ya n’ụlọ ya dị na Lower Ninth Ward. [15] [7] Ọ bụ Larry Borenstein mere ndokwa maka olili ya na e mere mmemme n'ụlọ a na-eme nke ọma nke Bultman, na St. Charles Avenue. [6] E gosipụtara ọrụ nka ya na ọrụ ahụ, wee kpọọ Ka Anyị Mee ndekọ .

Hụkwa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  • Nkà dị n'èzí

Ihe ndetu na nrụtụ aka[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

dị ike na-agwa m na m ga-eme gị ka ị bụrụ akara n'ihi na ahọpụtara m gị, enwetara m ọkpụkpọ a n'ụbọchị 30 nke Dec na 1934. zaa m oku na otu ụbọchị nyela na Pack elu na-aga … a họọrọ arịa nke Chineke ya ebube ịbụ Chineke kpọrọ m a chụrụ m na tụgharịa m n'aka nwa ya nwoke na JESUS sị welie gị obe na-eso m." dị ike na-agwa m na m ga-eme gị ka ị bụrụ akara n'ihi na ahọpụtara m gị, enwetara m ọkpụkpọ a n'ụbọchị 30 nke Dec na 1934. zaa m oku na otu ụbọchị nyela na Pack elu na-aga … a họọrọ arịa nke Chineke ya ebube ịbụ Chineke kpọrọ m a chụrụ m na tụgharịa m n'aka nwa ya nwoke na JESUS sị welie gị obe na-eso m." [16] [17]

  1. ↑ Marter (3 November 2011). The Grove Encyclopedia of American Art. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195335798. Retrieved on 3 November 2020. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Crown (3 June 2013). The New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture: Volume 23: Folk Art. UNC Press Books. ISBN 9781469607993. Retrieved on 3 November 2020.  Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "southern" defined multiple times with different content
  3. ↑ Cardinal (3 November 1995). Pictured in My Mind: Contemporary American Self-taught Art from the Collection of Kurt Gitter and Alice Rae Yelen. Univ. Press of Mississippi. ISBN 9780878058778. Retrieved on 3 November 2020. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 DeCarlo. "Sister Gertrude, a Preacher Who Could Paint", The New York Times, 22 February 2004. Retrieved on 21 November 2014.DeCarlo, Tessa (22 February 2004). "Sister Gertrude, a Preacher Who Could Paint". The New York Times. Retrieved 21 November 2014. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "NYTimes-PreacherPaint-2004" defined multiple times with different content
  5. ↑ Gertrude Morgan - United States Census, 1940. FamilySearch. Retrieved on 21 November 2014.
  6. ↑ 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 6.11 6.12 Berry (2004). The Tools of Her Ministry: The Art of Sister Gertrude Morgan. New York, New York: American Folk Art Museum; Rizzoli International Publications. ISBN 0-8478-2623-6.  Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Sister Gertrude Morgan | Biography & History | AllMusic. AllMusic. Retrieved on 2017-07-08."Sister Gertrude Morgan | Biography & History | AllMusic". AllMusic. Retrieved 2017-07-08. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":2" defined multiple times with different content
  8. ↑ Reynolds (June 2004). "Divine Folk Art". Black Issues Book Review: 33. 
  9. ↑ Sheets. "Books in Brief: Nonfiction - Shouting in Color", The New York Times, 15 August 2004. Retrieved on 21 November 2014.
  10. ↑ Hirsch (May 2005). "Her All-Seeing Eye". Art in America: 66–69. 
  11. ↑ C. (1989). African-American artists, 1880-1987 : selections from the Evans-Tibbs Collection, Powell, Richard J., 1953-, Patton, Sharon F., Smithsonian Institution. Traveling Exhibition Service., Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service, in association with University of Washington Press, Seattle, 107, 120. ISBN 0295968370. OCLC 20917949. 
  12. ↑ What Carried Us Over: Gifts from the Gordon W. Bailey Collection • Pérez Art Museum Miami (en-US). Pérez Art Museum Miami. Retrieved on 2023-09-29.
  13. ↑ Price, Ann. "Character Portrayal Outstanding in Show", Morning Advocate, October 7, 1970, 16-A.
  14. ↑ Campbell (Winter 1982). "Black Folk Art in America". Art Journal 42 (4): 345–346. DOI:10.1080/00043249.1982.10792823. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Ratliff. "CRITIC'S CHOICE/Jazz CD's; Singing With Power, Citing the Bible", The New York Times, 2 August 2004. Retrieved on 21 November 2014.Ratliff, Ben (2 August 2004). "CRITIC'S CHOICE/Jazz CD's; Singing With Power, Citing the Bible". The New York Times. Retrieved 21 November 2014. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "NYTimes-LMAR-Review-2004" defined multiple times with different content
  16. ↑ Berry (2004). The Tools of Her Ministry: The Art of Sister Gertrude Morgan. New York, New York: American Folk Art Museum; Rizzoli International Publications. ISBN 0-8478-2623-6. 
  17. ↑ Sister Gertrude Morgan | Biography & History | AllMusic. AllMusic. Retrieved on 2017-07-08.

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