Hyperlexia

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[1]Hyperlexia bụ ọrịa a na-ahụkarị site n'ikike nwa nwere ịgụ ihe. Ọ bụ Norman E. Silberberg na Margaret C. Silberberberg (1967), bụ ndị kọwara ya dị ka ikike ịgụ okwu n'oge na-adịghị anya na-enweghị ọzụzụ n'ịmụta ịgụ, nke a na-ahụkarị tupu ya eruo afọ ise. Ha gosipụtara na ụmụaka nwere hyperlexia nwere ikike dị elu karịa ọkwa nghọta ha. Ụmụaka na-arịa hyperlexia nwekwara mmasị dị ukwuu maka ihe edere ede n'oge ha dị obere

A na-eji ikike ịgụ okwu karịa ihe a ga-atụ anya ya n'ihi afọ ha. [2] aha nkè bú na sayensị kọwara na 1967 (Silverberg na Silverberg), enwere ike ile ya anya dị ka ihe karịrị ike nke ikike ịmata okwu na-agafe ọkwa nkà a tụrụ anya ya. [3]Otú ọ dị, ụfọdụ ndị hyperlexics nwere nsogbu ịghọta okwu. [3]Ụfọdụ ndị ọkachamara kwenyere na ọtụtụ ụmụaka nwere hyperlexia, ma ọ bụ ma eleghị anya ọbụna ha niile, na-ada na ụdị autism. [3][1]Otú ọ dị, otu ọkachamara, Darold Treffert, na-atụ aro na hyperlexia nwere subtypes, naanị ụfọdụ n'ime ha na-ejikọta na autism. [4][5]N'etiti pasent ise na pasent iri abụọ nke ụmụaka autistic e mere atụmatụ na ha nwere hyperlexic.[6][7]

Ụmụaka na-enwe mmasị na mpụrụedemede ma ọ bụ nọmba. Ha dị nnọọ mma na decoding asụsụ ma si otú a na-abụkarị ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ n'oge na-adịghị anya. Ụfọdụ ụmụaka na-asụ Bekee hyperlexic na-amụta ịsụpụta okwu ogologo (dị ka enyí tupu ha eruo afọ abụọ ma mụta ịgụ ahịrịokwu dum tupu ha agbaala atọ.

Okwu mmalite[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Okwu hyper sitere na okwu Grik hyper 'n'ofe, gafere, nke ukwuu, n'elu ihe' na lexis 'okwu'..[8][9]

Ọganihu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Ostrolenk (May 2017). "Hyperlexia: Systematic review, neurocognitive modelling, and outcome". Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 79: 134–149. DOI:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.04.029. PMID 28478182. 
  2. ↑ Newman (19 September 2006). "Hyperlexia in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders". Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 37 (4): 760–774. DOI:10.1007/s10803-006-0206-y. PMID 17048093. Retrieved on 12 February 2016. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Grigorenko (November 2003). "Annotation: Hyperlexia: disability or superability?". Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 44 (8): 1079–1091. DOI:10.1111/1469-7610.00193. PMID 14626452. 
  4. ↑ Treffert (2011). Hyperlexia: Reading Precociousness or Savant Skill? Distinguishing autistic-like behaviors from Autistic Disorder. Wisconsin Medical Society. Archived from the original on 23 August 2015. Retrieved on 12 February 2016.
  5. ↑ Treffert (December 2011). "Hyperlexia III: Separating 'Autistic-like' Behaviors from Autistic Disorder; Assessing Children who Read Early or Speak Late". WMJ 110 (6): 281–287. PMID 22324205. Retrieved on 12 February 2016. 
  6. ↑ Burd (June 1985). "Hyperlexia and a variant of hypergraphia.". Perceptual and Motor Skills 60 (3): 940–2. DOI:10.2466/pms.1985.60.3.940. PMID 3927257. 
  7. ↑ Grigorenko (2002-02-01). "A Descriptive Study of Hyperlexia in a Clinically Referred Sample of Children with Developmental Delays" (in en). Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 32 (1): 3–12. DOI:10.1023/A:1017995805511. ISSN 0162-3257. PMID 11916330. 
  8. ↑ Harper. hyper-. Etymonline. Retrieved on 2020-05-25.
  9. ↑ Harper. dyslexia. Etymonline. Retrieved on 2020-05-25.

Ọ bụ ezie na ụmụaka hyperlexic na-amụta ịgụ ihe n'ụzọ na-abụghị nkwurịta okwu, ọtụtụ ọmụmụ egosiwo na ha nwere ike inweta nghọta ịgụ ihe na asụsụ nkwurịta Okwu mgbe mmalite nke hyperlexia. [1]Ha na-agbaso usoro mmepe dị iche iche nke metụtara ndị mmadụ na-ahụ maka akwara, na-enweta ihe ịrịba ama n'usoro dị iche. N'agbanyeghị ikike ọgụgụ ụmụaka na-eto eto, ha nwere ike isi ike ikwurịta okwu. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ụmụaka hyperlexic ga-enwe ikike ịgụ akwụkwọ n'oge ma ha ga-amụta ikwu okwu naanị ire ere na ikwughachi ugboro ugboro, ma nwee ike isi ike ịmụta iwu asụsụ site na ihe atụ ma ọ bụ site na nnwale na njehie, nke nwere ike ịkpata nsogbu mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. Asụsụ ha nwere ike ịmalite site na iji echolalia, na-ekwughachi okwu na ahịrịokwu. Ọtụtụ mgbe, nwatakịrị nwere okwu buru ibu ma nwee ike ịmata ọtụtụ ihe na foto, mana enweghị ike iji nkà asụsụ ha mee ihe nke ọma. Asụsụ na-enweghị isi adịghị, okwu ha na-egbu oge. Ụmụaka na-arịa ọrịa hyperlexic na-alụkarị ọgụ na Ònye? Gịnị? Ebee ka ọ dị? N'ihi gịnị? na Olee otú? Ajụjụ. N'agbata afọ anọ na afọ ise, ọtụtụ ụmụaka na-eme nnukwu ọganihu n'ikwurịta okwu.

nkà mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke nwatakịrị nwere hyperlexia na-agbakarị nke ukwuu. Ụmụaka hyperlexic na-enwekarị mmasị dị ala n'iso ụmụaka ndị ọzọ na-egwuri egwu karịa ndị ọgbọ ha.

Ụdị hyperlexia[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

N'otu akwụkwọ, Darold Treffert na-atụ aro ụdị atọ nke hyperlexia. [2]N'ụzọ doro anya:

  • Ụdị 1: Ụmụaka Neurotypical bụ ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ n'oge.
  • Ụdị 2: Ụmụaka Autistic na-egosi ịgụ ihe n'oge dị ka nkà dị iche iche.
  • Ụdị 3: Ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ n'oge na-adịghị anya bụ ndị na-anọghị na ụdị autism, ọ bụ ezie na ha na-egosipụta ụfọdụ àgwà na omume "dị ka autistic" nke na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-apụ n'anya ka nwatakịrị na-etolite.

Akwụkwọ dị iche site na Rebecca Williamson Brown, OD na-atụ aro naanị ụdị abụọ nke hyperlexia. [3]Ndị a bụ:

  • Ụdị 1: Hyperlexia nke nwere nsogbu asụsụ na-eso ya.
  • Ụdị 2: Hyperlexia nke a na-ahụ site na nsogbu mmụta anya na-esote.

Ọmụmụ ihe na-abụghị Bekee[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

N' ire ihe na Cantonese na Korea, ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ nwere ike ịgụ okwu ndị na- akwụkwọ okwu n'asụsụ ala ha n'achọ igbu oge na ọsọ ha ji agụ ezigbo okwu n' akara ala ha. Enwere igbu oge nke e ji okwu ndị pụrụ iche mee n'asụsụ Bekee, gụnyere ihe atụ Ọgba aghara, pụrụ iche, na zuru ezu. Nnyocha ndị a na-egosikwa ihe isi ike n'ịghọta ihe ha na-agụ. Nchọpụta ndị ahụ na-egosi na ndị na-abụghị ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ na-adabere n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na okwu okwu iji mee nkwubi okwu banyere ihe okwu pụtara.[4][5]

Nnyocha Cantonese na-eme ka homographs dị iche ma chọpụta ọgụgụ maka ihe odide a na-ejikarị eme ihe. N'ime ọmụmụ ihe a, isiokwu ahụ mehiere ihe atụ fonetiki na nhazi nke ụda. Ndị dere ọmụmụ ihe ahụ na-atụ aro na ihe nlereanya ụzọ abụọ maka ịgụ mkpụrụedemede Chinese nwere ike ịdị irè maka hyperlexics. Ihe nlereanya ụzọ abụọ ahụ na-akọwa nghọta nke mkpụrụedemede Chinese n'echiche phonetic na nghọta nke mkpụrụ edemede Chinese n"echiche semantic.[5]

A na-egosikwa ụkọ semantics namfa nke Korean hyperlexics site na foto priming. Anti na- agbụrụ hyperlexic na-agụ okwu ndị nwere ihe oyiyi yiri ya ngwa ngwa okwu ndị na-azụ nke mbụ ebe hyperlexics na-agụ ha n'otu ọsọ ahụ. Lee Sunghee na Hwang Mina, ndị nwere dere nyọcha Korea, ezikwara na hyperlexics nwere akwụkwọ ikike ole na ole na-agụ okwu na-azụ ndị na-eso hyperlexics. Ha na-atụ aro na nke a nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi akara nkwekọ na phonological, orthographical, na ike semantic nke ahia na ederede nke ndị ahụ, na nke a, Hangul. a nke akara nke a dị maara ka njikọ, nke a na-ekewapụta okwu ndị na- aha okwu site na okwu site na ịdị na Pin dị n'etiti phonology, orthography, na semantics..[4]

N'ime ọmụmụ Lee na Hwang, ndị ahụ nwetara akara dị ala na ule asụsụ n'ozuzu na ule okwu karịa nkezi maka ọgbọ ha. Mmụta ịgụ na ide na South Korea na-agụnye ịkụziri ụmụ akwụkwọ okwu dum, kama ịmalite na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti fonemes na mkpụrụedemede na Hangul, n'agbanyeghị ihe akaebe na ihe ọmụma aha mkpụrụedemede bara uru maka ịmụ ịgụ okwu ndị a na-akụzighị. Nsonaazụ na-egosi na hyperlexics ike nke ndị dị n'etiti ihe (ma ọ bụ obere usoro ederede) na phonemes ha ma hapụ ịma aha ha.[4][6]

Nsogbu Nghọta echiche ike ịbụ ndị hyperlexia. Semantics na nwere njikọ na ihe ọ bụ. Semantics okwu okwu ụfọdụ ebe ike bụ ike nke ederede ogologo. N'ime abụọ ahụ, n'ihi ndị mgbasa na mkpa na ihe ọ sere siri ike maka isiokwu hyperlexic. N'ime ọkụ Izu, akara ahụ akara ike ihe odide dabere na nke logographic nke usoro ederede, na ọkụ Lee na Hwang, priming na-arụ ọrụ na ibelata oge maka hyperlexics.[4][5][6]

Edensibia[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  1. ↑ Ostrolenk (May 2017). "Hyperlexia: Systematic review, neurocognitive modelling, and outcome". Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 79: 134–149. DOI:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.04.029. PMID 28478182. 
  2. ↑ Treffert (2011). Hyperlexia: Reading Precociousness or Savant Skill? Distinguishing autistic-like behaviors from Autistic Disorder. Wisconsin Medical Society. Archived from the original on 23 August 2015. Retrieved on 12 February 2016.
  3. ↑ Brown. Hyperlexia: Related to Vision and Language Problems. NLDline. Archived from the original on 28 February 2016. Retrieved on 12 February 2016.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Lee (1 August 2014). "Word and nonword processing without meaning support in Korean-speaking children with and without hyperlexia". Reading and Writing 28 (2): 217–238. DOI:10.1007/s11145-014-9522-3. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Wong (October 2013). "Is Reading Aloud Semantically Mediated in Chinese Hyperlexia?". Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 94: 153–154. DOI:10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.09.075. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Kim (29 June 2008). "The foundation of literacy skills in Korean: the relationship between letter-name knowledge and phonological awareness and their relative contribution to literacy skills". Reading and Writing 22 (8): 907–931. DOI:10.1007/s11145-008-9131-0. 

Ịgụ ihe ọzọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

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