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Ihe Omume Ụwa Maka Ọnụ Ọgụgụ Ọrụ Ugbo

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Ihe Omume Ụwa maka Ọnụ Ọgụgụ Ọrụ Ugbo (World Programme for the Census of Agriculture - WCA) bụ mmemme mba ụwa nke Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) na-eduzi nke na-akwado mmejuputa ọnụ ọgụgụ mba nke ọrụ ugbo na afọ 10 site na iji echiche, nkọwa na usoro.[1] E mepụtara WCA n'afọ 1929-1930 site na International Institute of Agriculture (IIA).[2][3] Gọọmentị si n'ọtụtụ mba kwetara ịkwalite mmejuputa ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọrụ ugbo gburugburu ụwa na ndabere dị ka o kwere mee. WCA 1929-1930 mejupụtara ọnụ ọgụgụ mbụ nke ọrụ ugbo n'ụwa ma tinye ya n'ọrụ n'ihe dị ka mba 60. Enweghi ike ịmecha agba nke 1940 sochirinụ n'ihi mmalite nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ. Mgbe agbasachara IIA na 1946, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) weghaara mmemme ahụ wee malite na 1948 WCA 1950 yana mmemme iri afọ na-esote.[4] Nzọụkwụ asaa nke afọ iri - na 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010 na 2020 - ka FAO kwalite. WCA 2020 nke ugbu a bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ mba ụwa nke iri nke ọrụ ugbo ma kpuchie ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọrụ ugpo nke mba ga-eme n'etiti afọ 2016 na 2025.[1]

N'ime afọ iri nke WCA ọ bụla, FAO na-akwado mba ndị otu ka ha mee ngụkọ mba ha nke ọrụ ugbo site na mmepe na ịgbasa ụkpụrụ ụwa, echiche, nkọwa na usoro yana enyemaka aka ọrụ.  Enyemaka nka na ụzụ gụnyere iwulite ikike n'ime atụmatụ, imepụta na imejuputa ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị ọrụ ugbo.

Ọganihu akụkọ ihe mere eme nke WCA[5]

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Na agba abụọ mbụ nke WCA, 1930 na 1940, IIA tụrụ aro "ụdị ọkọlọtọ" maka iji mba niile na-ezo aka n'otu oge ọnụ ọgụgụ. N'oge ahụ, enwere nnukwu ọdịiche na ozi ugbo. Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ mba hụrụ na ọ na-esiri ike ịme ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ site na iji ogologo ajụjụ nyere obere mmadụ na teknụzụ. A na-eme ka mmemme ọ bụla na-esote baa ọgaranya site na ahụmịhe nke mmemme ndị gara aga site na usoro na echiche ọrụ.[5][6]

WCA 1950, mmemme izizi FAO mebere, wetara echiche nke ịnakọta data gbasara njiri mara ọrụ ugbo dịka ebumnuche bụ isi nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị mmadụ. Nke a na-elekwasị anya na njirimara nhazi nke ọrụ ugbo ka na-ejide. WCA 1950 kwadoro ndepụta mkpirisi nke ihe ngụkọ dị mkpa yana ndepụta agbatịgoro nwere ihe dị mkpa nke abụọ. Mmemme 1950 nyekwara nlebara anya ka ukwuu na nkọwapụta ihe ngụkọ ọnụ na nchikota nke nsonaazụ atụnyere mba ụwa..[5]

WCA 1960 rụzuru ọganihu dị ukwuu na usoro ọnụ ọgụgụ ka ọ na-ewebata ojiji nke usoro nnwale na ọnụ ọgụgụ, gụnyere nyocha ọnụ ọgụgụ (PES). Nhọrọ iji usoro nnwale mụbara ọnụ ọgụgụ mba ndị sonyere na ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ugbo. Ihe omume ahụ haziri ihe ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ n'ime ngalaba iri dabere na isiokwu ahụ. O mekwara ka mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ọrụ ugbo na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị mmadụ dị elu na nke mbụ.[5]

WCA 1970 tụlere ọrụ nke ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọrụ ugbo na usoro zuru oke nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ugbo, n'ihe gbasara etiti maka nyocha nyocha nyocha, ihe atụ maka ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ugbu a na mmepe ikike maka ịhazi nyocha ọrụ ugbo ndị ọzọ. Ihe omume ahụ tụlere ojiji nke nnwale na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-anya ụgbọelu na nyocha tupu nnwale, na PES, na nyocha dị mma n'oge nhazi data, na nchịkọta nke nsonaazụ, wdg. WCA 1970 webatara ngalaba ọhụrụ na-emetụta njikọ nke ọrụ ugbo na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ.[5]

WCA 1980 wetara ọtụtụ ndụmọdụ. Nke mbụ, na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị ọrụ ugbo kwesịrị ịbụ ihe ndabere maka nchịkọta data ọrụ ugbo dị ugbu a site na ụzọ dị mma. Nke abụọ, na a ga-eji ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ mee ihe maka mmepe na nkwalite mmemme n'ozuzu nke nri na ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ugbo. Nke atọ, na echiche, nkọwa na ụzọ kwesịrị ikwekọ na usoro ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị ọzọ metụtara na arụmọrụ iji hụ na ntunyere na ndakọrịta. Nke anọ, na a ga-emepụta tabulations ndị ọzọ, na-enyere aka site na ọganihu na nhazi data eletrọnịkị. Nke ise, obodo ọ bụla kwesịrị inwe mgbanwe dị ukwuu na nnwere onwe karịa imeghari mmemme. Maka oge mbụ, a raara otu isiakwụkwọ pụrụ iche maka ntuziaka bara uru gbasara nkwadebe na nhazi nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị ọrụ ugbo. WCA 1980 bụ onye mbụ gosipụtara n'ụzọ doro anya na ọ na-ezo aka na ọnụ ọgụgụ mba emere n'ime afọ iri (1976-1985) gbadoro ụkwụ na afọ ntụaka nke okirikiri (1980). E bipụtakwara ntuziaka mgbakwunye mgbakwunye maka ịgụta ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ugbo ka emechara iji nye ozi bara uru na usoro ndị metụtara n'ezie ngụkọ ọrụ ugbo.[5]

WCA 1990 gbara mba ume ka ha mepụta ma tinye ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọrụ ugbo dịka ikike akụ na ụba na ọnụ ọgụgụ mba ha si dị na ihe achọrọ. Ihe omume ahụ mere mgbalị ndị ọzọ n'ịkwado echiche, nkọwa na nkewa na ndị eji na isi mmalite data ndị ọzọ. Ọ tụghị aro itinye mmepụta na ntinye ọnụ ọgụgụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ ọnụ ọgụgụ. Ọ tụrụ aro ka e mee ọtụtụ ihe iji hụ na ojiji kachasị nke data ọnụ ọgụgụ. WCA 1990 gbara ume mmekọrịta na-agbakwunye n'etiti ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọrụ ugbo na nyocha nri na nke ọrụ ugpo ugboro ugboro yana nyocha ndị na-abụghị ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ugbo na nnyocha. E bipụtara ntuziaka dị iche iche na nhazi data dabeere na micro-computer (SDS 2a) mgbe e mesịrị.[5]

WCA 2000 kwusiri ike na ngalaba akụ na ụba na-etinye aka naanị na (a) ịchụ nta, ọnyà na ịgbasa egwuregwu; (b) oke ohia na igbu osisi; (c) ịkụ azụ̀; ma ọ bụ (d) ọrụ ugbo, anaghị ewere dị ka ihe ejikere maka ọrụ ugbo ma, ya mere, a na-ewere ya na-abụghị oke nke ọnụọgụgụ. Ọ tụrụ aro ka etinyere ihe omume ndị ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọrụ ugbo kpuchiri na International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities, mbipụta nke atọ, otu ISIC 011 (ihe ubi), 012 (anụmanụ) na 013 (ihe ubi na anụmanụ). Mmemme ahụ webakwara okwu gbasara ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị na-arụ n'ọrụ ugbo na iwepụta nsonaazụ ọnụọgụgụ ndị nwoke na-achịkọta. Ihe ohuru ohuru bu nhọrọ itinye ihe eji eji aquaculture (weputara na ntuziaka mgbakwunye, SDS 5b) na akara nke ihe ufodu dika ihe nwere ihe omuma gburugburu. Ebipụtara ntuziaka mgbakwunye abụọ ọzọ ka emechara. Otu na ọrụ (SDS 5a) iji kwalite echiche, nkọwa na ụkpụrụ ejiri na-anakọta ozi ọrụ na ngụkọ ọrụ ugbo. Nke ọzọ (SDS 6) na-eduzi ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọrụ ugbo na nyocha iji nyekwuo ozi bara uru na usoro ndị metụtara n'ezie mmejuputa ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọrụ ugbo.[5]

Ihe omume WCA 2010 webatara usoro modular. Ụzọ a nwere isi modul a na-eme na ọnụ ọgụgụ zuru oke iji nye data nhazi dị mkpa, yana otu ma ọ bụ karịa modulu mgbakwunye nke ọnụ ọgụgụ dabere na ihe atụ iji nye data miri emi. A na-ahọpụta ihe ndị a na-akpọ "ihe dị mkpa" na mmemme ndị gara aga dị ka ihe ndị bụ isi ma jiri ihe ndị dị na modulu ndị ọzọ gbakwunye. WCA 2010 webatara echiche nke aquacultural unit (maka mba ndị chọrọ itinye mgbakwunye aquaculture) na nhọrọ ịme ọnụ ọgụgụ aquaculturic na njikọ ya na ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ugbo. E webatara echiche ọhụrụ abụọ - sub-holding na sub-holder - iji tụọ ọrụ ndị ezinụlọ na njikwa nke njikwa, ọkachasị ụmụ nwanyị. Ihe omume ahụ webatara nyocha obodo nke a ga-eme n'otu oge na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ na maka inweta data gbasara nsogbu akụrụngwa na-emetụta ndị ọrụ ugbo. N'ikpeazụ, WCA 2010 kwusiri ike ijikọ na ịhazi ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ugbo na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ. Ntuziaka a kwadoro site na mbipụta nke ntuziaka ndị ọzọ maka ijikọ ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ na ụlọ na ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ugbo.[5][7][8]

Ihe omume WCA 2020 gosipụtara mkparịta ụka banyere usoro usoro anọ maka ịme ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọrụ ugbo: usoro ọdịnala (otu oge); usoro modular, nke e webatara na WCA 2010; usoro ọnụ ọgụgụ / nyocha jikọtara ọnụ, nke gụnyere modulu nyocha na-agbanwe agbanwe n'ime afọ ndị ọnụ ọgụgụ; na usoro ọnụ ọgụgụ jikọtara ọnụ ọgụgụ, nke na-eji data nchịkwa.[1][9] Ihe omume ahụ mere ka ọdịiche doro anya n'etiti ihe 'dị mkpa' na ihe 'frame'. Na mgbakwunye, ihe ndị ọzọ, nke a na-akpọ ihe 'ndị ọzọ', gosipụtara dị ka nhọrọ. WCA 2020 meziwanyere ụzọ maka ịtụle nkesa nke mkpebi njikwa na njide, nke bara uru maka nchịkọta data gbasara mmekọahụ. Ihe omume ahụ gụnyere isiokwu ọhụrụ abụọ: "Fisheries" (ọrụ ịkụ azụ na-eme n'ụlọ) na "Environment/Green House Gases (GHG) " (ihe gbasara agro-environmental data na GHG na ammonia). Ihe abụọ ọzọ nke WCA 2020 bụ, nke mbụ, nkwenye dị ukwuu na ojiji nke teknụzụ ozi na nchịkọta data, nhazi na mgbasa ozi (dịka. CAPI, CAWI, ojiji nke mmepụta mmekọrịta n'ịntanetị na ịnweta micro-data a na-amaghị aha ya).[10] Akụkụ ọzọ bụ aro iji hụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọrụ ugbo na-arụ ọrụ.[11] A gbakwunyere WCA 2020 site na ntuziaka arụmọrụ, nke nyere nduzi bara uru na isi nzọụkwụ ndị metụtara nkwadebe na mmejuputa ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọrụ ugbo.[12][1]

Ntinye aka mba na akwụkwọ site na WCA

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Ebe nchekwa nke akwụkwọ na metadata maka ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ugbo e mere kemgbe WCA 1980 dị ebe a.  Ebe nchekwa ahụ gụnyere profaịlụ mba dị mkpirikpi nke usoro, mkpuchi na nsonaazụ isi, ebe e bipụtara nyocha zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ugbo na mbido 2021.[13][14]

Maka ọnụ ọgụgụ afọ iri nke ugbu a nke na-agwụ na 2025, WCA 2020, ozi mbido dị ebe a.[15] Na mbido afọ 2020, Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) mere nyocha n'etiti atụmatụ na ọganihu nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mba nke ọrụ ugbo na agba nke afọ 2020.[16]

Database na data ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ugbo

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N'afọ 2022, FAO nyere FAOSTAT, nchekwa data ọrụ ugbo kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa, ngalaba ọhụrụ nke na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mfe iji tụnyere ma nyochaa ọnọdụ na-aga n'ihu nke usoro ọrụ ugbo nke mba.[17]

Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke microdata ọrụ ugbo

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Malite na WCA 2010 (2005-2015), ụfọdụ mba nyere ohere ịnweta microdata ọnụ ọgụgụ a na-amaghị aha ya (dịka. Armenia Australia, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Cook Islands, Estonia, France, Indonesia, Italy, Rep. of Korea, Lao DPR, Nepal, Namibia, Netherlands, Mexico, Nicaragua, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Philippines, Serbia, Slovenia, Sweden, Tanzania, Uruguay, USA na Vietnam). The Food and Agriculture Microdata (FAM) Catalogue nwere njikọ na data ọnụ ọgụgụ iri dị na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ mba dị ka nke March 2020.[12]

Mmetụta nke COVID-19 na mmejuputa nke WCA 2020

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Ọrịa a metụtara atụmatụ na mmejuputa ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọrụ ugbo n'okpuru WCA 2020 na mba ndị mepere emepe na ndị na-emepe emepe. Ogologo mmetụta ahụ dịgasị iche dabere na ọkwa ndị ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ dị, site na atụmatụ (ya bụ, ndị ọrụ, ịzụta, nkwadebe nke okpokoro, ajụjụ), ọrụ ubi (ọzụzụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ) ma ọ bụ usoro nhazi / nyocha data.[18][19][6]

The census of agriculture’s reference period is the agricultural year. Thus, countries carefully schedule census activities to ensure that crop and livestock data are collected at the right time. In some countries, lockdown measures resulted in a full year postponement of the census data collection as the agricultural season was missed. Some papers discussed the impact of COVID-19 on national censuses of agriculture.[19][18][6]

Hụkwa

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  • Ndepụta nke ọrụ ọnụ ọgụgụ mba na nke mba ụwa
  • Nkọwa nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ
  • Ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị mmadụ
  • Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọrụ ugbo

Edensibia

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 (2015) World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020 Volume 1: Programme, concepts and definitions, FAO statistical development series 15. Rome: FAO. ISBN 978-92-5-108865-4.  Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content
  2. ↑ (1939) The First World Agricultural Census (1930) – Vol. I: Standard form, Methodological Study, Notes on tabulation of the census results. Rome: International Institute of Agriculture (IIA). 
  3. ↑ (1939) The First World Agricultural Census (1930) – Vol. II, III, IV, V: Country Results. Rome: International Institute of Agriculture (IIA). 
  4. ↑ (2015) 70 years of FAO. Rome: FAO. ISBN 978-92-5-108897-5. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 (2013) 2000 World Census of Agriculture – Methodological Review, FAO statistical development series No. 14. Rome: FAO. ISBN 978-92-5-107837-2.  Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":1" defined multiple times with different content
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Castano (2020). "Censuses of agriculture and COVID-19: Global situation and lessons". Statistical Journal of the IAOS 36 (4): 861–865. DOI:10.3233/SJI-200752.  Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":5" defined multiple times with different content
  7. ↑ (2012) Guidelines for linking population and housing censuses with agricultural censuses, FAO statistical development series (special issue). FAO & UNFPA. ISBN 978-92-5-107192-2. 
  8. ↑ Castano. "Linking the Population and Housing Census and the Census of Agriculture for the 2020 round: Advantages and challenges". Journal of the International Association for Official Statistics 36: 231–235. 
  9. ↑ Castano, J. and Cara, O. Integrating agricultural censuses and surveys for optimal sectoral data collection. 62nd ISI World Statistics Congress 2019. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 18–23 Aug 2019
  10. ↑ Castano. "Technological Innovations in the Census of Agriculture". Statistika 98 (4): 377–384. 
  11. ↑ Castano, J. Streamlining the cost of the census of agriculture. Eighth International Conference on Agricultural Statistics (ICAS-VIII, 2019), New Delhi, India
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 (2018) World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020, Volume 2: Operational guidelines. Rome: FAO. ISBN 978-92-5-131032-8.  Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":2" defined multiple times with different content
  13. ↑ (2019) Main results and metadata by country (2006–2015). World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2010, FAO statistical development series 17. Rome: FAO. ISBN 978-92-5-131950-5. 
  14. ↑ (2021) Global review of agricultural census methodologies and results (2006 – 2015). World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2010. Rome: FAO. DOI:10.4060/cb2650en. ISBN 978-92-5-133799-8. 
  15. ↑ World Programme for the Census of Agriculture. FAO.
  16. ↑ Castano, Jairo (2022). Midterm review of the 2020 round of censuses of agriculture.
  17. ↑ FAO. Structural data from agricultural censuses.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 (2020) National agricultural census operations and COVID-19. Rome: FAO. DOI:10.4060/ca8605en. ISBN 978-92-5-132402-8.  Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":3" defined multiple times with different content
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 (2020) Impact of COVID-19 on national censuses of agriculture (Status overview). Rome: FAO. DOI:10.4060/ca8984en. ISBN 978-92-5-132604-6.  Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":4" defined multiple times with different content
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