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Imebiga ihe ókè nke ndị Fulani na Naijiria

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Ndị Fulani na-ezo aka na ụdị, ndị Fulani (nke a na-akpọkwa Fula ma ọ bụ Fulbe) bụ otu ndị ọrụ ugbo agbata obi na- asọ ha na dị iche iche.  [1] A na-ewere Naijiria dịka "ite agbaze" nke omenala na ụdị dị iche iche.  Ngosipụta ụdị na mba ahụ bụ gbagwojuru anya nke ụzọ izizi na ihe nrụpụta . [1]

ndabere

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Onu ogugu ndi Fulani na Naijiria bu ihe ruru nde iri na ato.  [1] Ndị mbụ ndị Fulani na-alụso ogụ bụ ndị Yoruba na ndị Igbo , Ọ mkpokọta iri atọ na atọ ndị ama ama na-ekere òkè na ogidi ọrụ ugbo na ndị na-azụ anụ na mba ahụ.. [1] [2]

Akụkọ izugbe

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Ndị Fulani bụ ọtụtụ ndị mbịarambịa /ọkara-nwoke nke ihe dị ka nde mmadụ otu narị bi na ihu igwe nti nkụ nke ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Afrika .  [1] Ọ dị mkpa n'ezie imesi ike na ọ bụghị ndị Fulani niile bụ ndị na-eme ihe ike - ndị na-eme ihe ike bụ ndị ahịa nke ahia a buru ibu.  [2] Ndị Fulani bụ otu ndị na-azụ anụ ma ihe ha na-eme dabere na ịchị ehi, na ewu na ebe ụfọdụ, n'ụzọ ịta nri.  [3] N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ka ìhè ihu igwe ebutela eje na ụkọ ihe, Flo Herder na ndị ọrụ ugbo ugboro ugboro ugboro.  [4] Ka ndị Fulani na-akwagharị n'ebe ndị na-abanye n'ala ndị ọzọ na-eme nri, enweela ọkụ ka ukwuu maka ụzọ ịta nri n'etiti ndị ọrụ ugbo nọ n'ime obodo, na-ebute ime.  ihe ike [ a chọrọ nkọwa ]

Ọ bụ na e nwere ụdịdị ndị ọzọ nke ndị na-achị ehi na ndị ọrụ ugbo na Naijiria, e kewapụtala ebe ndị ehi na ndị ọrụ ugbo ka a na-eji ọgbaghara na ụzọ eme ihe ugboro ugboro iji dozie ahụ.  [1] N'ụdị ụfọdụ nke Africa, dị ka na Mali, e guzobewo òtù ndị na-eyi ọha egwu.  [2] Macina Liberation Front, ma ọ bụ Front de Libération du Macina (FLM) na Mali bụ otu ndị jihadist na-arụ ọrụ nke aha ya na ndị Fulani na-azụ anụ.  [2] Ọ bụ ebe na ọ dịghị ndị na-eme ihe ugbu a na Naijiria, ụzọ ndị na-eyi ọha egwu ka na-ewu ewu.  [1] Usoro ndị a play, mana ọnweghị oke na, ibibi ihe ubi, ọgbaghara na-egbu egbu, ụzọ okporo ụzọ, idina ụmụ ekere n'ike, tigbuo ndị ọrụ ugbo, na nnali ngwa ogụ n'obodo nta.  [3] Agha a na-alụ maka ala ubi na-eme nri na ụzọ ịta ebutela nnukwu ime ihe ike.  [1] Ọgba ndị ndị a na-adakwa na Guinea, Senegal, Mali na Cameroon .  [1] Esemokwu ndị na-ebilite na ahịa ndị ọzọ na- ndị agha, ndị agha ndị Fulani ndị ọzọ, dị ka ndị Fula [3]

Ọ bụ ihe na-ama mkpa nke ụfọdụ ndị Fulani na-akwaga ụzọ, a na-echekarị na ụfọdụ Fulani si na mpaghara Senegambia kwabatara na Nort Naịjiria na mbụ ọnwa nke iri na atọ na nke iri na anọ.  [1] njem mbụ a, ndị Fulani na ndị ọrụ ugbo na ụgbọ mmiri abatala ụgbọ.  [2] Ọgbaghara nke ndị ehi na ndị ọrụ ugbo kacha pụta ìhè na steeti Kaduna, Plateau na Benue [4]

N'ime ọtụtụ narị afọ gara aga, esemokwu ndị a agbanweela n'ike dabere n'ọtụtụ ihe metụtara mmekọrịta ọha na eze, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, akụ na ụba na gburugburu ebe obibi. Kpọmkwem, ụkọ mmiri ozuzo, mmiri ozuzo na-adịghị mma, na mmebi nke ala na [ emewo ] esemokwu ahụ ka njọ. [4]

Mwakpo a ma ama

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Enwere ogụ na-akwadoghị n'okpuru onye isi ala.  [1] Kama nke ahụ, a na-awakpo ogụ n'otu n'otu, nke pere mpe, nke a na-ama nke otu ndị na-eyi ọha egwu.  [1] N'ihi ya, ọ na-siri ike ma ha abụọ na-enwe ngosi nke nche doro anya ma jide ndị na-eme ihe ike ịza faili.  [2] Ndị a bụ ọrụ ụfọdụ ama ama na ike [5] [6] [7] [8]

Ụbọchị Ebe Ụdị mbuso agha Ọnwụ
3/5/2015 Egba Ngwa agha 95 [5]
2/24/2016 Abugbe Mwakpo ngwa ọgụ 51 [6]
2/24/2016 Aịla Mwakpo ngwa ọgụ 50 [6]
2/24/2016 Akwu Mwakpo ngwa ọgụ 50 [6]
2/24/2016 Igboju Mwakpo ngwa ọgụ 50 [6]
6/18/2016 Mpaghara Logo Mwakpo ngwa ọgụ 59 [6]
3/20/2017 Zaki Biam Mwakpo ngwa ọgụ 73 [7]
5/5/2018 Gwaska Mwakpo akụrụngwa/ akụrụngwa 58 [8]
9/3/2018 Bolki Mwakpo akụrụngwa/ akụrụngwa 35 [8]

Ọnụọgụ

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  • N'afọ 2018, esemokwu Herder na ndị ọrụ ugbo kpatara pacenti iri asaa na abụọ nke ọnwụ mmadu na Naịjiria. [4] Ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị nwụrụ anwụ bụ otu puku, narị na iri ise nà iteghete. [4]
  • N'afọ 2019, naanị otu afọ ka e mesịrị, esemokwu Herder na ndị ọrụ ugbo kpatara naanị pasenti iri abụọ na isii nke ọnwụ na Naịjirịa, na-akpata ọnwụ narị atọ na iri abụọ na ise. [4]
  • N'agbata afọ 2010 na 2016, esemokwu ndị a kpatara ọnwụ mmadụ puku atọ na iri isii na asatọ n'ọtụtụ mba ndida-Afrika. [4]
  • N’afọ 2014, ihe karịrị mmadụ otu narị nwụrụ. Nke a mere ka ọgụ Herder na onye ọrụ ugbo bụrụ otu ọgụ kacha egbu egbu n'ụwa nke anọ. [9]

Iwu nchekwa nchekwa nke Naijiria nke 1964

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N'afọ 1964, gọọmentị mere iwu a, na-atụ anya na ọ ga-agba ndị Fulani ume ka ha na-ebi ndụ nkịtị ma na-ata nri n'ala ndị a echekwabara. [10] [11]

Iwu iji ala 1978

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N'afọ 1978, gọọmentị mebere Iwu Iji Ala. [12] Ibe iwu a nyere gọọmentị etiti ike inye otu dị iche iche ala. [12] Na mgbakwunye, e nyere ndị otu amaala ikike ịzọrọ ikike nke ókèala ndị nna ochie. [12] Ntube iwu gbasara iji ala eme ihe mere ka esemokwu Fulani na ndị ọrụ ugbo ka njọ, ebe ọ bụ na a napụrụ ndị Fulani na-akwagharị akwagharị n'ikike ikwu na ha nwe ala nna ha. [12]

Amụma Ugbo ala Naijiria nke 1988

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N'ịgbalị idozi okwu ndị iwu gbasara iji ala were wepụta, gọọmentị ewepụtala iwu gbasara ọrụ ugbo nke ala Naijiria akọwapụta ebe nchekwa nri. [10] Iwu a weputara opekempe 10% nke mpaghara mba ahụ ka edobere maka ịta nri. [10] Ka ọ dị ugbu a, emebeghị iwu a ruo n'ókè zuru oke. [10]

Mmetụta nke esemokwu

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Ọgbaghara na-adị n'etiti ndị na-azụ anụ na ndị ọrụ ugbo emetụtala ma ndị na-azụ anụ ma ndị ọrụ ugbo. [13] Ha abụọ na-emebi ihe ọkụkụ na ehi na-emebi ihe ọkụkụ n'ụzọ na-adịghị mma. [13]

Nchụpụ ndị ọrụ ugbo

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Ma ndị ọrụ ugbo ma ndị na-achị ehi na-achụpụ n'agha a, na-eme ka ịda ogbenye na ọgba aghara ka njọ na mpaghara ọrụ ugbo. [13]

Hụkwa

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Ntụaka

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Ukiwo (18 August 2006). "The Study of Ethnicity in Nigeria". Oxford Development Studies 33: 7–23. DOI:10.1080/13600810500099592.  Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":4" defined multiple times with different content
  2. ↑ Laura Angela Bagnetto (January 29, 2020). Illicit arms used in northern Nigeria farmer-pastoralist conflict same source as Mali jihadists: report. RFI.
  3. ↑ "Nigeria’s Fulani Christians are Attacked from Every Side", Perseution.org, 8 July 2023. Retrieved on 3 December 2023.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Institute for Economics and Peace (1 November 2020). Global Terrorism Index 2020. Vision of Humanity. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Institute for Economics and Peace (1 November 2016). Global Terrorism Index 2016. Vision of Humanity. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":9" defined multiple times with different content
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 Institute for Economics and Peace (1 November 2017). Global Terrorism Index 2017. Vision of Humanity. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":10" defined multiple times with different content
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Institute for Economics and Peace (1 November 2018). Global Terrorism Index 2018. Vision of Humanity. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":11" defined multiple times with different content
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Institute of Economics and Peace (1 November 2019). Global Terrorism Index 2019. Vision of Humanity. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":12" defined multiple times with different content
  9. ↑ "Making sense of Nigeria's Fulani-farmer conflict", BBC News, 2016-05-05. Retrieved on 2023-11-13. (in en-GB)
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 Okello (12 September 2014). "Identifying Motivators for State-Pastoralist Dialogue: Exploring the Relationships between Livestock Services, Self-Organisation and Conflict in Nigeria's Pastoralist Fulani". Pastoralism 4: 1–14. DOI:10.1186/s13570-014-0012-7.  Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":3" defined multiple times with different content
  11. ↑ S.A. Ingawa (December 1989). Grazing reserves in Nigeria: Problems, prospects and policy implications. African Livestock Policy Analysis Network (ALPAN).
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 Idehen, Roosevelt Osazenaye (27 November 2019). "Migration and the Emerging Security Challenges in West Africa: Case of Fulani Herders/Sedentary Farmers Conflicts in Nigeria". International Journal of Arts and Humanities Ethiopia 8: 128–137. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 Ofem, Ofem (6 May 2014). "Livelihood and Conflict Dimension among Crop Farmers and Fulani Herdsmen in Yakurr Region of Cross River State". Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 5: 512–519.  Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":7" defined multiple times with different content
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