Jump to content

Leo Igwe

Shí Wikipedia, njikotá édémédé nke onyobulạ
Leo Igwe
Leo Igwe wearing a black print t-shirt, carrying a bundle of papers under one harm, with a bag on one shoulder, lips pursed, looking right of camera
Igwe in 2012
Born (1970-07-26) 26 Julaị 1970 (age 54)
Nigeria
Alma materUniversity of Bayreuth, University of Calabar
Known forHuman rights advocacy, skepticism
Templeeti:Listen
WebsiteTempleeti:URL

Leo Igwe (amụrụ 26 Julaị 1970) bụ onye na-akwado ikike mmadụ na Naijiria. Igwe bụbu onye nnochite anya Western na South Africa nke International Humanist and Ethical Union, ma bụrụkwa ọkachamara n'ịgbaso megide na idekọ mmetụta nke ebubo amoosu ụmụaka. O nwere Ph.D. sitere na Bayreuth International School of African Studies na Mahadum Bayreuth dị na Jamanị, ebe ọ nwetara akara ugo mmụta n'ihe gbasara nkà ihe ọmụma na Mahadum Calabar, na Nigeria. Mgbasa ozi maka ikike mmadụ nke Igwe butere ya n'ọgba aghara ya na ndị amoosu a ma ama dị ka Liberty Foundation Gospel Ministries, n'ihi na ọ katọrọ ihe ọ kọwara dị ka ọrụ ha na-eme n'ime ihe ike na agbahapụ ụmụaka nke na-esite n'ebubo amoosu mgbe ụfọdụ..[1]

Ọrụ Igwe na-arụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ emeela ka e jide ya ọtụtụ oge na Naịjirịa. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ idu ndú na Nigerian Humanist Movement, Atheist Alliance International, na Center For Inquiry-Nigeria . [2]

Oge ọ malitere

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

A zụlitere Igwe na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Naijiria, ma kọwaa ezinụlọ ya dị ka ndị Katọlik siri ike n'etiti "obodo nwere nkwenkwe ụgha dị elu," dịka ajụjụ ọnụ dị na Gold Coast Bulletin si kwuo.[3] Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na abụọ, Igwe banyere seminarị wee malite ịmụ maka ndị ụkọchukwu Katọlik. "N'ụlọ akwụkwọ seminarị," ka o kwuru n'ajụjụ ọnụ ya na European Skeptics Podcast, "ha na-akwalite nkwenkwe Ndị Kraịst Katọlik ha na nkwenkwe ndị a na-ajụ nkwenkwe ọdịnala. "Nchịkọta agbụrụ na Iso Ụzọ Kraịst nke ndị isi" [3] dugara n'oge nyocha na esemokwu dị n'ime. "[Mgbe ahụ, amalitere m ịjụ ajụjụ, achọpụtara m na ma ọ bụ Iso Ụzọ Kraịst ma ọ bụ anwansi ọdịnala, ọ bụ maka nkwenkwe ụgha, ọ bụ ihe niile gbasara ndị mmadụ na-eme ihe. Ọ bụ ihe niile maka ndị mmadụ na'ere nkwenkwe na-enweghị ihe akaebe. " [3] Mgbe ọ dị afọ 24, Igwe gbara arụkwaghịm na seminarị wee kwaga Ibadan.[4][4]

Ịgba mbọ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Igwe nwere mmetụta ịghọ onye na-ahụ maka ọdịmma mmadụ site n'ihe odide nke Paul Kurtz, nke ọ gụrụ na magazin ndị Center for Inquiry bipụtara.[5]

E depụtara Igwe dị ka Junior Fellow maka Bayreuth International Graduate School of African Studies, ebe ọrụ ya bụ ihe ọmụmụ nke ebubo amoosu n'ebe ugwu Ghana.[6]

N'otu edemede ọdịda nke afọ 2000 n'akwụkwọ akụkọ Free Inquiry, Igwe depụtara ụzọ dị iche iche ndị na-emebiga ihe ókè n'okpukpe na Naịjirịa jikọtara aka na gọọmentị ime obodo ma jiri ya mee ka iwu okpukpe dị irè, na-egbochi ịkwado ikike mmadụ n'ógbè ndị ahụ.[7]

Igwe dere na 2004 na mba ya nke Naịjirịa, nkwenye nke oge a na amoosu na-eduga n'igbu mmadụ na ịchụ mmadụ n'àjà, na-ekwu na ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụaka nwere ma ọ bụ na-eme "ikike amoosu" ma ọ bụ mee ya, ebe a na-egosikarị ụmụ nwoke dị ka ndị nwere ikike amoosu dị mma.[8]

N'afọ 2008, akwụkwọ akụkọ BBC, Saving Africa's Witch Children,[1][2] gosipụtara Igwe, dịka otu n'ime ihe ndị bụ isi bụ " dinta Helen Ukpabio." ụmụaka boro ebubo amoosu,"[3] wee malite ya dị ka ihe ngosi HBO na 2010.[3][4] Ihe nkiri a na-agbaso mbọ Sam Itauma, onye na-akwado ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ na onye nchoputa nke Child Rights and Rehabilitation Network (CRARN), bụ onye na-enye ebe nchekwa na nchebe ụmụaka ndị a na-emegbu ma ọ bụ gbahapụrụ, na Gary Foxcroft, onye tọrọ ntọala Stepping Stones Nigeria. , ọrụ ebere debanyere aha UK.[9]

N'afọ 2009, Igwe nọchitere anya otu International Humanist and Ethical Union na African Commission on Human and People's' Rights na Banjul, Gambia, ebe o kwuputara n'aha IHEU megide ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na Africa.[1] N'okwu ya, Igwe webatara nlebara anya na ịkpa oke a na-eme ndị Osu, bụ otu ndị ụfọdụ chere na ha dị obere, bụ́ Igwe kwuru "na-aga n'ihu na-akpa oke na mkparị, ọkachasị n'akụkụ di na nwunye na ezinaụlọ, ikike inwe ihe onwunwe. na ihe nketa, ịnweta ala, ikike ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na nnọchite anya, agụmakwụkwọ, mmepe, akụrụngwa, na nkesa ihe eji enyere ndụ aka. "[10]

N'afọ 2010, dị ka ntọhapụ nke European Humanist Federation (EHF) si kwuo, ndị agha na ndị uwe ojii wakporo ụlọ Igwe "na-eso ebubo igbu ọchụ efu, nke e kwuru na ọ bụ nwoke Igwe nwara ịgba akwụkwọ maka ebubo na o mere mpụ mmekọahụ megide nwa agbọghọ dị afọ iri na 2006. [11] Dị ka akụkọ ahụ si kwuo, e jidere Igwe ugboro atọ kemgbe ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ n'okwu ndina n'ike, n'ihi arịrịọ a na-ekwu na ọ bụ ihe ọjọọ, [11] nke mere ka David Pollock nke EHF degara osote onye isi ala Naịjirịa, Goodluck Jonathan, akwụkwọ ozi maka Igwe. [12]

Dị ka EHF si kwuo, ka e mesịrị n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2010, a wakporo ụlọ Igwe na ezinụlọ ya mgbe ndị ikom abụọ a na-amaghị aha ha wakporo ma kpuchie anya nna Igwe, na-akpata "mmerụ ahụ dị ukwuu n'ihu na isi ya", ma mee ka a waa Igwe okenye anya ya.[11] Amnesty International ewerela ikpe ahụ mgbe a kọrọ na ndị uwe ojii jụrụ imeghe nyocha.[11]

Na Jenụwarị 11, 2011, mgbe ọ na-anwa ịzọpụta ụmụaka abụọ e boro ebubo amoosu na Uyo Akwa Steeti dị n'ebe ndịda Naịjirịa, ndị uwe ojii "tọrọ Igwe ma tie ya ihe," [13] na mgbalị, dị ka Sahara Reporters si kwuo, site n'aka gọvanọ steeti Godswill Akpabio, ịmalite "ịgba ndị na-eme ihe na-etinye aka n'ịzọpụta ụmụaka a na-ebo ebubo amooro". [14] Igwe mechara tọhapụ n'ebughị ebubo, [1] dị ka Gary Foxcroft nke Stepping Stones Naịga Naịga si kwuo. [15]

Na 11 Febụwarị 2014, a họpụtara Igwe dị ka onye mmeri nke International Academy of Humanism.[16] N'afọ 2017, e nyere ya onyinye Distinguished Services to Humanism Award site na International Humanist and Ethical Union General Assembly. Mgbe ọ natara onyinye ahụ, Igwe raara ya nye "maka ndị niile na-ahụ maka ọdịmma mmadụ nọ n'ihe ize ndụ gburugburu ụwa".[17]

Igwe bụ onye na-akwado mkpọsa maka nguzobe nke Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu, otu nzukọ nke na-eme mkpọsa maka mgbanwe ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya nke Mba Ndị Otu. Mgbe ọ na-ekwu maka okwu ahụ, Igwe kwuru na "ọ dị mkpa ka e nyeghachi United Nations ndị ọ bụ n'ezie - ndị ụwa".[18]

Igwe na-aga n'ihu na-ekwu okwu megide mwakpo a na-ebo ebubo na ọ bụ ndị amoosu na Malawi. Dị ka o si kwuo, ikpe ndị na-adịbeghị anya nke mwakpo dị otú ahụ na Disemba 2019 na Jenụwarị 2020 "... nwere mkpụrụ nke nkwado dị irè megide mkpagbu ndị amoosu na Malawi. Nke mbụ, enwere mkpa dị ngwa maka ndị na-akwado ndị a na-ebo ebubo amoosu na mba ahụ dum ka ha bụrụ ndị a na'ahụ anya na ndị na-eme ihe n'ezie banyere ọdachi, "A ga-enwe ntaramahụhụ siri ike gụnyere ịkwụsị na nchụpụ nke onye isi obodo ọ bụla, ma ọ bụ mpaghara ebe a na-ekwu na-awakpo ma ọ bụ gbuo onye amoosu". [19]

Chọọchị Oziọma Nnwere Onwe

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ihe Igwe na-agba megide ebubo amoosu gụnyere ịgba mbọ ka e mee iwu na Naijiria nke machibidoro ụmụaka ebubo amoosu,[1] nke butere esemokwu ya na otu Pentikọstal Liberty Foundation Gospel Ministries na karịsịa pastọ Helen Ukpabio, bụ onye katọrọ ya. Igwe na ndị ọzọ, dịka akwụkwọ akụkọ New York Times siri kwuo, maka nkuzi ya "nyere aka na mmekpa ahụ ma ọ bụ gbahapụ ọtụtụ puku ụmụaka Nigeria - gụnyere. ụmụ ọhụrụ na ndị na-eto eto-ndị a na-enyo enyo na ha bụ ndị amoosu na ndị agha."[20]

N'abalị iri abụọ na itoolu n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2009, a haziri Igwe ka ọ kwuo okwu na nzukọ dị na Calabar, Naịjirịa, "na-akatọ ịgbahapụ, ịta ahụhụ na igbu ụmụaka a na-ebo ebubo na ha bụ ndị amoosu". [21] Ka ọ na-achọ ikwu okwu ya, ndị otu Liberty Gospel Church, ihe karịrị mmadụ iri ise, wakporo nzukọ ahụ wee wakpo Igwe, onye "kụrụ ma zuo ohi, wepụ kamera ya, ego na ekwentị mkpanaaka tupu ya agbalaga n'ụlọ ọrụ ndị uwe ojii dị nso ịchọ enyemaka". [20] Akụkụ nke esemokwu ahụ.[22]

Mgbe mwakpo ahụ gasịrị, onye ndú nke Liberty Gospel Church, pastọ Helen Ukpabio, gbara gọọmentị steeti akwụkwọ, yana ọtụtụ ndị nkatọ, gụnyere Igwe, na-achọ ijeri naira 2 (ihe dị ka US $ 13 nde, 2010) na "iwu nke iwu na-adịgide adịgide," na-egbochi okwu ndị nkatọ ya ịkatọ ọrụ ya.[23][20] Onye ọka ikpe P.J. Nneke mechara jụ akwụkwọ Ukpabio na Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke Federal na Calabar.[1]

N'ịzaghachi nkatọ Igwe na ndị ọzọ na-eme ihe ike, Ukpabio gwara onye nta akụkọ New York Times Mark Oppenheimer na "ihe ngosi ihe nkiri ya nke ụmụaka nwere, na-agbakọta site n'ìhè ọnwa iji rie anụ mmadụ" (dị ka a hụrụ n'ihe nkiri ya End of the Wicked) esiteghị na ya. E were ya n'ụzọ nkịtị, wee kwuo, dị ka Oppenheimer si kwuo, na akwụkwọ akụkọ BBC Saving Africa's Children "na-ekwubiga okwu ókè ma ọ bụ chepụta nsogbu ụmụaka. agbahapụ."[1] Dị ka Oppenheimer si kwuo, "A jụrụ ya otú ọ ga-esi jide n'aka, ọ sịrị, 'n'ihi na abụ m onye Africa!' N'Africa, o kwuru, 'mmekọrịta ezinụlọ siri ike karịa ịmụ nwa n'okporo ámá. "[23]

Obi abụọ

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Leo Igwe

Ọrụ Igwe dị ka onye nhazi nke Nigerian Humanist Movement emeela ka e nye ya onyinye Freidenker maka onyinye dị ịrịba ama nye ikweghị na Chineke n'ụwa n'oge 2005 Stars of Freethought Convention, nke Atheist Alliance International na Atheists United kwadoro.[24] Na mgbakwunye na ịtọ ntọala Nigerian Humanist Movement, Igwe bụkwa onye isi na-ahazi ma na-egosi na 2007 na nzukọ mba ụwa mbụ na Sub-Saharan Africa. [25]

Igwe jere ozi na bọọdụ ndị nduzi nke Atheist Alliance International, ebe ọ kwadoro mmekorita n'etiti AAI na Nigerian Humanist Movement, nke mere ka NHM nata ma AAI International Freidenker Award na AAI Community Cooperation Award.[26]

Na June 2009, dị ka onye nduzi nke Center For Inquiry-Nigeria, a gbara Igwe ajụjụ ọnụ na BBC World Service banyere mbọ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-agba iji mee ka a mara banyere ime ihe ike na ileghara anya nke sitere na nkwenkwe amoosu, ma n'aha omume ya ma n'ihi egwu anwansi.[27][28]

N'afọ 2012, Igwe dere A Manifesto for a Skeptical Africa, [29] nke nwetara nkwado site n'aka ọtụtụ ndị na-eme ihe omume ọha na eze n'Africa, yana ndị na-enwe obi abụọ gburugburu ụwa.[29]

Igwe gosipụtara ihe ngosi na Sixth World Skeptics Congress (18-20 Mee 2012) na Berlin, Germany, na akụkọ banyere ikpe ndị ya na ọtụtụ ndị na-akwado ya chere ihu n'Africa mgbe ha na-eme mkpesa maka mkpagbu na igbu ụmụaka na ndị ka nta, na ọdịda nke ndị mmanye iwu na ndị isi okpukpe iji gbaghaa omume obi ọjọọ dị otú ahụ.

Na 12 Julaị 2012, Igwe sonyere na mkparịta ụka panel na The Amaz!ng Meeting (TAM), "Site na ọkụ ndị amoosu gaa na Chineke-ndị ikom: Na-akwado obi abụọ gburugburu ụwa. " [30] Ihe ngosi Igwe kwuru banyere nsogbu nke ịda ogbenye na-akpali ma inye na ịchọ ndị na-achụpụ mmụọ, nke na-egbu obodo ndị na-enweghị olileanya ma na-akpata n'ịhapụ ma ọ bụ ileghara ụmụaka anya.[31] Ya na onye otu Eran Segev (onye isi ala n'oge ahụ, ndị Australia Skeptics) na onye nhazi Brian Thompson (Outreach Director, JREF), Igwe tụlere mbọ ọ na-agba n'ịkwado ikike mmadụ na mmetụta ọjọọ nke nkwenkwe ụgha na ebubo amoosu na Naijiria, Ghana, na Malawi.[30]

N'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2012, a họpụtara Igwe dị ka onye nyocha nke James Randi Educational Foundation">James Randi Educational Foundation (JREF), [32] otu na-enweghị uru nke onye majik na onye na-enwe obi abụọ bụ James Randi guzobere.[33] Randi kwuru banyere nhọpụta ahụ, "Anyị nọ na JREF na-akpa nganga iso Maazị Leo Igwe rụọ ọrụ n'ịlụso ozi na-ezighị ezi ọgụ n'Africa, na gburugburu ụwa," na-agbakwụnye na ọrụ JREF "dabara nke ọma na ọrụ dị mkpa nke Maazị Igwe. "[33]

N'afọ 2013, Igwe kwuru okwu na nzukọ ndị Black Atheists nke London nke akpọrọ 'Breaking The Taboo of Atheism in Black Communities', ebe o kwuru "Chineke apụtaghị! Ndị isi ojii kwesịrị ikwu okwu n'ihi na anyị na-ata ahụhụ karịa n'ihi oke okpukpe".[34]

N'afọ 2017, Igwe gara European Skeptics Congress (ESC) nke iri na asaa. N'ebe a, o kwuru okwu banyere sayensị na okpukpe. Ọ gara mkparịta ụka panel na Petr Jan Vinš, onye ụkọchukwu sitere na Chọọchị Katọlik Ochie, onye kwuru maka iwebata echiche dị oke egwu na okpukpe. Igwe bụ "onye nwere nkwanye ùgwù siri ike na nkwupụta ya banyere ịghara ịgwa ndị okpukpe okwu ma nabata sayensị".[35]

N'ime 2017 Ted Talk on Humanism, Igwe kọrọ otú ihe atụ nke ịrụsi ọrụ ike nke ndị mụrụ ya si kpalie ya ịnakwere nkà ihe ọmụma nke na-emesi ikike mmadụ ike n'ụzọ ọ na-esi emeso ihe ịma aka dị ka ịda ogbenye, ọrịa, na nkwenkwe ụgha. "N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, okpukpe na-akpali ọtụtụ ndị Afrịka ime ihe dị egwu: ịwakpo ụmụ mmadụ ndị ọzọ, igbu ọchụ ememe, ilekwasị ndị bi na albinism, ndị nwere humpback, na dịka m mụtara n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, ndị nwere isi nkwọcha zuru ebe niile, ọtụtụ ndị kwere na amoosu, ihe na-enweghị ihe ndabere na sayensị. Ma ndị a na-ebo ebubo amoosu, na ndị agadi ka na-awakpo, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ akụkụ nke ọrụ amoosu m.[36]

Ule amoosu

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Na JREF's The Amaz!ng Meeting (TAM) na July 2013, Igwe kwuru okwu na panel na "Supporting Skepticism Around the World". [37] Ka ọ na-aga nzukọ ahụ, Igwe gbara Christopher Brown ajụjụ ọnụ site na podcast Meet the Skeptics, n'oge Igwe nyere nkọwa nke ule atọ eji chọpụta ma mmadụ bụ "ikpe ọmụma" nke ime amoosu. Nke ọ bụla n'ime ule atọ ahụ na-ele ndị a na-ebo ebubo anya nke ukwuu ma na-agụnye ojiji nke randomness nke okike (ụmụ oke ma ọ bụ agụ iyi) ma ọ bụ iwu nke physics (brooms). [5]

Ule ọkụkọ ahụ na-agụnye onye na-achọ inye ọkụkọ ole na ole na onye na-akọ ọdịnihu. Onye na-akọ ọdịnihu na-eji ememe gbuo isi ọkụkọ ma na-ele otú anụmanụ ndị e gbupụrụ isi si ada. Ọ bụrụ na ọkụkọ ahụ adaa na-eche ihu n'eluigwe, onye a na-enyo enyo enweghị ihe ọ bụla; mana ọ bụrụ na ha adaa na ala, onye a boro ebubo nwere ikpe.

Ule agụ iyi bụ nke dị mfe ebe a na-atụba onye a na-ebo ebubo n'ime osimiri ebe a maara agụ iyi na-ebi. Onye a na-enyo enyo nwere ikpe ma ọ bụrụ na a wakporo ya ma rie ya. A na-eche na a naghịzi eji ule a eme ihe. Igwe na-enyo enyo na nke a nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi ịchụ nta nke agụ iyi n'ebe a na-eme nnwale ahụ.

Ule a na-eji iwu nke physics mee ka onye a na-ebo ebubo nọrọ n'ọnọdụ dị njọ. Onye a na-enyo enyo na-anọdụ ala n'elu obere oche nke na-enye obere nkwado ma ọ bụ nguzozi. Mgbe emume ụfọdụ gasịrị, a na-akwagharị ọnụ ọnụ nke bristle abụọ n'ihu olu onye a na-enyo enyo. Ọ bụrụ na mkpocha ahụ kewara, ma ọ bụ ma ọ bụrụ na onye nwere ike ịbụ amoosu nwere ike ịnọgide na-akwụsi ike, mgbe ahụ onye a na-enyo enyo enweghị ihe ọ bụla. Ọ bụrụ na mkpocha ahụ ekewaghị ma chụpụ onye a na-ebo ebubo n'oche ahụ, onye a na'enyo enyo bụ onye ikpe mara.[5]

IDoubt

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Igwe kọwara usoro nke echiche dị oke egwu n'otu edemede maka Kọmitii maka Nnyocha Skeptical nke ọ na-akpọ "iDoubt". iDoubt bụ ụzọ isi kewaa ma nyochaa ozi tupu ịnakwere ya dị ka eziokwu. Igwe na-akpọ obi abụọ ise ahụ "obi abụọ nke onye ọ bụla, na-akpali obi abụọ, na-etinye obi abụọ, mee ka obi abụọ mara, na obi abụọ n'ịntanetị" [38]

"Obi obi abụọ" na-akpọ ajụjụ onwe onye dabere na ahụmịhe mmadụ na isiokwu a nyere. "Inspire doubt" na-ezo aka n'ịja ndị na-eji echiche dị oke egwu ma gosipụta obi abụọ kama ịnata ozi dị ka eziokwu. "Inculte doubt" na-eme ka ọ pụta ìhè na ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ na-enwe obi abụọ n'ụzọ okike, ọ dị mkpa ịkụziri echiche dị oke egwu, ọkacha mma site na nwata. "Nkwupụta obi abụọ" na-akọwa mkpa ọ dị ikwupụta echiche anyị dị oke egwu iji gbasaa ha ma gbaa ndị ọzọ ume ime otu ihe ahụ. N'ikpeazụ, "Intanet obi abụọ" na-egosipụta ụzọ isi kpalie echiche dị oke egwu site na ịjụ ajụjụ na ịnata ajụjụ ndị ọzọ na nzaghachi.[38]

Ọmụmụ ihe echiche nkatọ

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Igwe emeela ihe enyemaka nkuzi maka ndị nkuzi na ụmụ akwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị na isiokwu nke echiche dị oke egwu.N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Juun afọ 2021, o mere ogbako izizi ya na Funmade Nursery na Primary School na Oyo State, ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Naịjirịa. N'ụbọchị mbụ n'ọnwa Julaị, o nyere ndị nkuzi iri ise na mpaghara gọọmentị Ibadan nke Naịjirịa ikpe maka echiche dị oke egwu n'ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị. Nke a bụ ọzụzụ nkuzi mbụ na echiche dị oke egwu maka ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị na steeti ahụ.[39]

Dị ka Igwe si kwuo, usoro ụlọ akwụkwọ Afrịka chọrọ mgbanwe na mgbanwe dị egwu na omenala nke nkuzi na mmụta maka ụmụ akwụkwọ. Ozizi nke echiche dị oke egwu, ka o kwuru, bu n'uche ịkpali mgbanwe a ma kpalie ọgụgụ isi na mmeghachi omume n'ụlọ akwụkwọ. [40] [41][42]

Ọrụ Ịdị Mma

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

N'afọ 2022, Igwe guzobere atụmatụ nke na-enye nkwado mmekọrịta na nke uche maka ndị ụkọchukwu na-abụghị ndị okpukpe n'Africa. A na-akpọ ya Ex-cellence Project, e bu n'uche idozi echiche na-ezighi ezi banyere ịhapụ okpukpe na ịhapụ ọrụ ndị ụkọchukwu, nyere ndị mmadụ aka ibi ndụ obi ụtọ na nke bara uru n'èzí okpukpe na clericalism, ma nye ndị a na-emegbu n'ụzọ anụ ahụ na nke uche ebe mgbaba. Ebumnuche ọrụ a bụ inye ndụmọdụ na mmemme ọgwụgwọ yana mmetụta nke obodo na nke ndị otu, n'agbanyeghị okpukpe ma ọ bụ ndị ụkọchukwu ha.[43]

Nsọpụrụ

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

A họpụtara Igwe dị ka onye ọrụ nyocha [gbajiri arịlịka] nke James Randi Educational Foundation, ebe ọ na-aga n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ na ebumnuche nke ịzaghachi mmetụta ọjọọ nke nkwenkwe ụgha, na-akwalite enweghị obi abụọ na Africa na gburugburu ụwa. N'afọ 2014, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye mmeri nke International Academy of Humanism, [2] na na 2017, ọ natara onyinye dị iche iche maka Humanism Award site na International Humanist and Ethical Union. [17].

N'afọ 2021, o ritere ihe nrite Heart of Humanism, ihe nrite nke na-asọpụrụ ndị mmadụ na-egosipụta nnukwu ụkpụrụ mmadụ.[44]

Hụkwa

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
  • Kọmitii Afrịka Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ndị Ruuru Mmadụ na Ndị Mmadụ
  • Alliance International nke Ndị Na-ekweghị na Chineke
  • Ụlọ Ọrụ Nnyocha
  • Ntanetị Nkwado Ụmụaka
  • International Academy of Humanism
  • International Humanist and Ethical Union
  • James Randi Educational Foundation

Ihe odide

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Robbins (14 January 2011). The dangerous fight for the 'child witches' of Nigeria. The Guardian. Retrieved on 14 February 2013. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "robbins-2011" defined multiple times with different content
  2. ↑ Nigeria: Father of human rights defender attacked: Oliver Igwe. Amnesty International. Retrieved on 26 August 2024.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Brown. "Fighting the Darkness", The Gold Coast Bulletin, 8 October 2011, p. 9.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Episode 85, featuring Leo Igwe (audio). European Skeptics Podcast (October 2017). Retrieved on 7 November 2017.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Brown (29 March 2014). MTS: Meet Leo Igwe. Meet the Skeptics!. Archived from the original on 3 January 2017. Retrieved on 2 January 2017. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "MTS" defined multiple times with different content
  6. ↑ Igwe, Leo – Junior Fellow. Bayreuth International Graduate School of African Studies. Archived from the original on 4 September 2014. Retrieved on 13 November 2012.
  7. ↑ Igwe (2000). "When Sharia becomes the law of the land". Free Inquiry 20 (4): 42. 
  8. ↑ Igwe (2004). "A Skeptical Look at African Witchcraft and Religion". Skeptic 11 (1): 72. 
  9. ↑ HBO: Saving Africa's Witch Children. HBO Documentaries. Archived from the original on 25 May 2013. Retrieved on 19 February 2013.
  10. ↑ Caste discrimination in Africa: IHEU speaks out at African Human Rights Commission. International Humanist and Ethical Union (14 May 2009). Retrieved on 18 February 2013.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 Protest at Harassment of Leo Igwe in Nigeria. European Humanist Federation (9 March 2010). Retrieved on 19 February 2013.
  12. ↑ Pollock (8 March 2010). Letter to Vice-President Goodluck Jonathan. European Humanist Federation.
  13. ↑ IHEU representative Leo Igwe jailed and beaten for human rights work. International Humanist and Ethical Union (18 January 2011). Retrieved on 16 February 2013.
  14. ↑ "Clampdown On Child Rights Activists In Akwa Ibom State: Leo Igwe Arrested By Police On the Orders Of Gov. Akpabio", Sahara Reporters. Retrieved on 17 February 2013.
  15. ↑ Sims. Humanist campaigner Leo Igwe arrested in southern Nigeria. New Humanist Magazine. Retrieved on 4 March 2014.
  16. ↑ Law. New additions to the International Academy of Humanism. Stephen Law. Retrieved on 27 February 2014.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Tears and joy at IHEU General Assembly 2017. International Humanist and Ethical Union. Retrieved on 12 August 2017. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "IHEU" defined multiple times with different content
  18. ↑ Statements. Campaign for a UN Parliamentary Assembly. Archived from the original on 26 September 2017. Retrieved on 28 September 2017.
  19. ↑ Igwe. "Towards an Effective Advocacy Against Witch Persecution in Malawi", The Maravi Post, 11 February 2020. Retrieved on 9 March 2020.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 De Waal (10 April 2012). Suffer the little children. Mail & Guardian. Retrieved on 14 February 2013. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "de-waal-2012" defined multiple times with different content
  21. ↑ Robbins. "Face to faith: Christian and Islamist extremists in Nigeria are exporting dangerous ideas", The Guardian, 7 August 2009.
  22. ↑ Helen Ukpabio militia invade child rights conference in Calabar, Nigeria. Youtube.com (29 July 2009).
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 Oppenheimer. "On a visit to the U.S., a Nigerian witch-hunter explains herself", The New York Times, 22 May 2010, p. A11.
  24. ↑ Kamdar. Atheist Alliance International's 11th Annual Stars of Freethought Convention - Some Afterthoughts. Mukto-mona. Retrieved on 17 February 2013.
  25. ↑ Allen Jr.. African Americans for Humanism in Africa. Council for Secular Humanism. Retrieved on 25 February 2013.
  26. ↑ Atheist Alliance of America – Leo Igwe (27 May 2010). Retrieved on 30 January 2013.
  27. ↑ Director of CFI – Nigeria Leo Igwe interviewed on BBC World Service. Center for Inquiry (15 June 2009). Retrieved on 18 February 2013.
  28. ↑ Do traditional beliefs in witchcraft or the power of juju hold back development in Africa?. BBC World Service – Africa (14 June 2009). Retrieved on 18 February 2013.
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 Igwe. A Manifesto for a Skeptical Africa. James Randi Educational Foundation. Retrieved on 17 February 2013.
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 The Amaz!ng Meeting 2012 – Program. James Randi Educational Foundation. Retrieved on 21 January 2013.
  31. ↑ New Video from the Amaz!ng Meeting 2012: Supporting Skepticism Around the World. James Randi Educational Foundation. Retrieved on 21 February 2013.
  32. ↑ Hill. Leo Igwe partners with JREF to respond to witchcraft problem in Africa. Doubtful News. Retrieved on 17 February 2013.
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 Leo Igwe Appointed as New JREF Research Fellow. James Randi Educational Foundation. Retrieved on 16 February 2013.
  34. ↑ Breaking the taboo of atheism in the black community (video). Richard Dawkins Foundation. Retrieved on 26 July 2017.
  35. ↑ Gerbic (9 February 2018). Skeptical Adventures in Europe, Part 2. www.csicop.org. Committee for skeptical inquiry. Retrieved on 29 April 2018.
  36. ↑ Igwe (29 March 2018). Why I choose humanism over faith. Ted Talks. Ted. Retrieved on 16 August 2018.
  37. ↑ The Amaz!ng Meeting - Schedule. James Randi Educational Foundation. Archived from the original on 19 July 2013. Retrieved on 18 July 2013.
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 Igwe (28 July 2017). iDoubt: Critical Thinking and Skepticism in Africa in an Internet Age. CSI. The Committee for Skeptical Inquiry. Retrieved on 2 August 2017.Igwe, Leo (28 July 2017). "iDoubt: Critical Thinking and Skepticism in Africa in an Internet Age". CSI. The Committee for Skeptical Inquiry. Retrieved 2 August 2017. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "csi_idoubt" defined multiple times with different content
  39. ↑ Critical thinking, tool for future jobs and challenges (en-US). The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News (2 July 2021). Retrieved on 12 June 2022.
  40. ↑ Igwe (21 July 2021). Developing resources for critical thinking for primary schools. Twitter.com. Archived from the original on 21 July 2021. Retrieved on 21 July 2021.
  41. ↑ Igwe. "Critical Thinking Workshops: Preparing African School Children for Future Jobs and Challenges", Modern Ghana, 25 June 2021. Retrieved on 21 July 2021. (in en)
  42. ↑ Igwe. "Critical Thinking and Transformation of Teaching in Primary Schools", Modern Ghana, 3 July 2021. Retrieved on 21 July 2021. (in en)
  43. ↑ Dubem (27 September 2022). Ex-cellence Project and Psycho-social Support for Non-Religious Ex-clergies in Africa – By Leo Igwe. NaijaOnPoint. Archived from the original on 27 September 2022. Retrieved on 27 September 2022.
  44. ↑ Leo Igwe Wins 2020–21 Heart of Humanism Award. newtimes.com.ng (27 June 2021).
Ewepụtara na https://ig.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leo_Igwe&oldid=196893