Libby Clark
| ụdịekere | nwanyị  |
|---|---|
| mba o sị | Njikota Obodo Amerika |
| aha enyere | Libby |
| aha ezinụlọ ya | Clark |
| ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya | 30 Mee 1918 |
| Ụbọchị ọnwụ ya | 2012 |
| ọrụ ọ na-arụ | onye ntaakụkọ |
| ebe agụmakwụkwọ | Columbia University |
Elizabeth "Libby" Clark (1917 ma ọ bụ 1918 - Jenụwarị 23, 2012) [1] bụ onye nta akụkọ Afrika-Amerika nke ihe ndị ọ rụzuru gụnyere ịmepụta magazin na Los Angeles, na arụ ọrụ dị ka onye na ede akwụkwọ akụkọ, na ịmepụta ụlọ ọrụ mmekọrịta ọha na eze nke ya.
Afọ ndị mbụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]A mụrụ ya na Chester, Pennsylvania, Clark bụ otu n'ime opekata mpe ụmụaka isii a mụrụ Samuel W. Clark na Emily G. Smith mụrụ. [2] [3] [4][5]
Clark bụ onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ na yaMahadum Columbia . [6]
Ọrụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]N'afọ 1954, Clark malitere Magazin <i id="mwHA">FEM</i>, akwụkwọ a na-elekwasị anya n'ụmụ nwanyị, na-elekwasịrị anya na ndị Afrika Amerika. Clark kwuru mgbe ahụ na e wezụga ịbụ ihe ọmụma maka ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ, ọ chọrọ ka mbipụta ahụ mee ka ndị nwere ike ịkpọsa mara banyere ikike ịzụta ọtụtụ nde dollar nke ụmụ nwanyị Afrika Amerika.[7]
Clark dere maka Chester Times ma rụọ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ West Coast nke Pittsburgh Courier. O mechara dee banyere nri na nsogbu mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya maka Los Angeles Sentinel ruo afọ 50. Akụkụ ya, "Nri Maka Echiche," nke mere ka a mara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'ime isiokwu nri maka ndị na ege ntị, bụ nke Amalgamated Publishers, Inc. jikọtara na akwụkwọ akụkọ 150 [6] . Site na 1989 ruo 1994, o bipụtara "Akwụkwọ Plum, "Onye bu onye" kwa afọ na Los Angeles / Southern California ojii, ma kesaa ya n'efu nye ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ndị isi obodo dị ka ihe enyemaka obodo. [8] O dezigharịrị ma soro dee akwụkwọ nri Mgbakọ Ezinụlọ ojii, nke rere ihe karịrị 250,000 ma mee ndepụta ndị kacha ere ahịa na 1991.[1] N'afọ 1951, Mahadum nke Southern California (USC) họpụtara Clark dị ka onye nta akụkọ nke ga eso otu ụmụ akwụkwọ USC na njem ọnwa abụọ na Europe ma kọọ akụkọ banyere ọrụ ụmụ akwụkwọ ahụ.[9]
Clark jikwa nkà ya dị ka onye nta akụkọ mee ihe na mmekọrịta ọha na eze mgbe ọ ghọrọ onye Afrika Amerika mbụ nwere ikikere inwe ụlọ ọrụ mmekọrịta ọha na ibe ya, Libby Clark Ndị mmekọ, na California; ọ gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ruo afọ 50.[10] N'afọ 1969, Los Angeles County were ya n'ọrụ dị ka onye ọrụ mgbasa ozi ọha na eze maka Ụlọ Ọgwụ Martin Luther King Jr. ọhụrụ. [6]
Otu n'ime ndị mmekọ mmekọrịta ọha na eze ya bụ onye edemede, William Karl Thomas, onye, na 2013, bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ akpọrọ "Cleo," dabere na mmekọrịta ọkachamara ya na Miss Clark n'ime afọ iri na 1950 na 1960. N'ime ya, ọ kọwara ọbụbụenyi ya na ndị ama ama Lena Horne, Dorothy Dandridge, James Baldwin, Tom Bradley, Leo Branton, na ndị ọzọ. Ọ gụnyekwara ihe ndị sitere na akụkọ ya na 1960 banyere nnwere onwe Naịjirịa n'Afrika na ihe ndị sitere n'ajụjụ ọnụ ya na Golda Meir, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, na Princess Alexandra si England. Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ onye na ebipụta Thomas gụnyere ihe atụ nke foto ya na foto Libby Clark.[11]
Nkwado
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Mgbe ọ dị afọ 85, Clark natara National Newspaper Publishers Association's Lifetime Achievement Award.[10] N'afọ 1992, a kwanyeere ya ugwu site na nri abalị bara uru iji kwado afọ iri ise ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'ọrụ mgbasa ozi. Ego e nwetara na ihe omume ahụ gara McGarrity Memorial Afrikan-Amerikan Ego mmụta mmụta, nke na-enyere ụmụ akwụkwọ Afrikan-Amerikan aka. N'uhuruchi ahụ, "nkwupụta sitere n'aka ọtụtụ ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị a ma ama na California na-eto ya maka ọtụtụ afọ nke ije ozi na obodo".[12]
Clark lụrụ di ugboro anọ: na 1942 na Samuel William, onye ọrụ ígwè na onye nwe ụlọ ịgba ịnyịnya na Chester, Pennsylvania, ruo mgbe ha gbara alụkwaghịm na 1947; [citation needed] na 1955 nye Walter Stanley, onye ọrụ ụgbọelu na onye nwe ụlọ ọrụ gas na Los Angeles, onye alụmdi na nwunye ya kagburu na 1956; [13] [14] na 1970 nye Jim Allen, onye isi na ahụ maka ụlọ ọrụ nke bụ onye ahịa mmekọrịta ọha na eze ruo afọ 10 ma nwụọ ọnwa 8 mgbe alụmdi na eze ha nwere Mmerụ ahụ ụbụrụ mgbe ọ na-enyocha ngalaba ọ na-ewu; [15] na Disemba 30, 1977 nye John E. Fegan, onye nwere usoro ụlọ ahịa tuxedo, [16] nke alụmdi na ya kagboro ọnụ gasịrị.[17][18] N'ime afọ iri site na 1957 ruo 1967, ọ nọgidere na-enwe mmekọrịta ọkachamara na nke onwe ya na onye edemede, William Karl Thomas, bụ onye dị afọ iri na ise na nwata ya.
Ọnwụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Clark nwụrụ n'ihi ọrịa Alzheimer na Inglewood, California, na 2012. [6]
Edensibia
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ Pleasant, Betty. "Libby Clark, former Courier reporter and pioneering Black journalist dies", Variety, February 8, 2012, p. B5. Templeeti:ProQuest. “Funeral services for Libby Clark, the Grande Dame of the Black press, were held Jan. 30 in the Chapel of Roses at the Simpson Funeral Home in Inglewood. Clark, believed to have been suffering from Alzheimer's Disease, died in her sleep on Jan. 23. She was 94 years old.”
- ↑ "Obituaries: Samuel W. Clark, 72". Delaware County Daily Times. July 7, 1962. p. 4. Retrieved 16, April 2023.
- ↑ "Pennsylvania, County Marriages, 1885-1950," database with images, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:KHN4-8ZL : 5 August 2020), Samuel W Clark and Emily G Smith, 31 Jul 1911; citing Marriage, Delaware, Pennsylvania, United States, multiple County Clerks, Pennsylvania.
- ↑ "United States Census, 1920", database with images, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MFRP-VJY : 3 February 2021), Samuel Clark, 1920.
- ↑ "United States Census, 1930," database with images, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XHSZ-WJL : accessed 16 April 2023), Samuel Clark, Chester, Delaware, Pennsylvania, United States; citing enumeration district (ED) ED 34, sheet 9B, line 60, family 202, NARA microfilm publication T626 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 2002), roll 2030; FHL microfilm 2,341,764.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 "Libby Clark, Veteran Black Press Food, Religion Writer, Dies at 94", AFRO, The AFRO-American Newspapers, February 4, 2012. Retrieved on 30 December 2018. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "a" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "Libby Clark to Publish FEM, New Magazine for the Girls", The Pittsburgh Courier, February 27, 1954, p. 10. Retrieved on 31 December 2018.
- ↑ (1993) The: Black Family Reunion Cookbook (in en). Simon and Schuster. ISBN 9780671796297. Retrieved on 31 December 2018.
- ↑ "Courier Staffer Ready To Depart for Europe", The Pittsburgh Courier, June 23, 1951, p. 3. Retrieved on 31 December 2018.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Fleischer (February 2, 2012). Trailblazing Black Female Journalist Libby Clark Dies at 94. AdWeek. Archived from the original on 30 December 2018. Retrieved on 30 December 2018. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "aw" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Cleo, a civil rights erea novel. www.mediamaestro.net. Retrieved on 2020-12-22.
- ↑ "Gala Fund-Raiser Honors L.A. Sentinel Newspaper Food Editor Libby Clark", Jet, Johnson Publishing Company, October 5, 1992, p. 54. Retrieved on 30 December 2018.
- ↑ Johnson, Chalk (December 31, 1955). "What Happened in the World of Women Makes Good News". The Pittsburgh Courier. p. 12. Retrieved 16 April 2023.
- ↑ Crawford, Chazz (December 1, 1955). "Soundtrack: Newsboy's Nightcaps". California Eagle. p. 9. Retrieved 16 April 2023.
- ↑ "People and Places". California Eagle. January 12, 1956. p. 11. Retrieved 16 April 2023.
- ↑ "Clark, Fegan Reception Attracts Friends, Leaders", Los Angeles Sentinel, February 8, 2012, p. C5. Templeeti:ProQuest. “The event [...] honored the well known couple's recent marriage, on December 30, 1977 in Chester. [...] Active in communications and civic circles in Los Angeles and Palm Springs, the bride is Elizabeth 'Libby' Clark, a nationally known journalist and public relations consultant. Mr. Fegsan, member of a large and prominent family with varied businesses in Los Angeles, owns and operates several tuxedo-formal wear stores in the Crenshaw area.”
- ↑ Brown, Jessie Mae. "Your Social Chronicler", Los Angeles Sentinel, February 12, 1970, p. C2. Templeeti:ProQuest. “Speaking of Cupid, etc., ye old Chronicler has the pleasure of revealing the marriage news this week of Libby Clark and Jim Allen The popular pair decided to join the marital ranks a few Sundays ago, and hied off to Tulare, where Jim's brother Rev. Andrew Lee Allen read the vows.”
- ↑ "Builder Dies Following Accident", Los Angeles Sentinel, October 8, 1970, p. A1. Templeeti:ProQuest. “Building contractor James T. Allen died Wednesday at LAC/USC Medical Center following an accident that necessitated two brain operations. [...] Allen was the husband of Libby Clark, nationally known public relations consultant. [...] The couple had been married only eight months.”