Litzi Friedmann
Alice Friedmann (née Kohlmann; 1910–1991), nke a maara dị ka Litzi Friedmann, bụ onye Kọmunist nke Austria bụ nwunye mbụ Kim Philby, onye otu Cambridge Five.[1] Ihe ndekọ na-egosi na ọ bụ onye nnọchiteanya Soviet nke nwere aha koodu Mary.
Ndụ mbido
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]A mụrụ Friedmann na Vienna na Israel na Gisella Kohlman na 1910. [1]
Na 1931, Kohlmann lụrụ Karl Friedmann. Ha kewara otu afọ ka e mesịrị ma ha agbaghị alụkwaghịm ruo mgbe Philby rịọrọ ka a gbaa ya alụkwaghịm na 1946.
Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ka ọ na-ebi na Vienna, Friedmann sonyeere ndị Communist Party of Austria (KPÖ) ma rụọ ọrụ maka ndị Moscow na-eduzi European underground. A tụrụ ya mkpọrọ ọtụtụ izu na 1933 maka njikọ aka ya na Communist Party; [2] n'afọ a, KPÖ ghọrọ nzukọ nzuzo. Friedmann nwere netwọk sara mbara nke njikọ ndị Kọmunist gafee Europe, gụnyere ndị ọrụ nzuzo Soviet. [3] Ya na Gábor Péter (Benjámin Eisenberger) nwekwara mmekọrịta ịhụnanya, onye lụrụ nwanyị ọzọ.[4]
N'ọnwa Febụwarị 1934, gọọmentị Engelbert Dollfuss malitere imegide ndị aka ekpe ama ama. Ka ya na Kim Philby na-arụkọ ọrụ, Friedmann kpọpụrụ ndị na-eme ihe ike na Vienna site na sistemụ nsị.
Di na nwunye ahụ lụrụ na Vienna na 24 Febụwarị, n'akụkụ ụfọdụ ka nwa amaala Britain nke Philby wee chebe Friedmann pụọ na ndị uwe ojii Austria. Otu akụkọ kwuru na ọ bụ nna Friedmann kwalitere alụmdi na nwunye ahụ maka ebumnuche a.[2] Dị ka ụfọdụ akwụkwọ si kwuo, Teddy Kollek, onye mechara bụrụ onye isi obodo Jerusalem, nọ na agbamakwụkwọ ahụ.[5]
N'afọ 1934, òtù Socialist dara, di na nwunye ahụ hapụrụ Vienna gaa London n'ọnwa Eprel ka ha na nne Philby biri.[3] Friedmann nwere enyi na London nke na-arụ ọrụ maka ndị ọrụ nzuzo Soviet, onye na-ese foto na onye Vienna ibe ya Edith Tudor-Hart. [6] N'ihi ọrụ ya, Hart nwere ọtụtụ kọntaktị na obodo Britain ma tinye aka na ntinye ọrụ Soviet mgbe ọ na-enyere aka ịkwado mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ndị Kọmunist nke Britain na ndị nnọchiteanya Soviet.[1] Guy Burgess ji ma Friedmann na Hart dị ka ndị na-ebuga n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Paris NKVD.[1] Otu onye na-ede akụkọ ndụ Philby, Genrikh Borovik, onye nwere ohere ịnweta ebe nchekwa Soviet, kwuru na Tudor-Hart tụrụ aro Friedmann na Philby dị ka ndị kwesịrị ekwesị maka iwere NKVD ọrụ.
Friedmann na Philby kewara na 1930s - ụfọdụ akwụkwọ na-ekwu na Philby ga-ekewapụ onwe ya na ndị Kọmunist amara ka ọ bata n'ụlọ ọrụ Britain. Otú ọ dị, ha nọgidere na kọntaktị ruo ọtụtụ afọ mgbe e mesịrị na gbara alụkwaghịm naanị na 1946.
N'afọ 1946, mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị, Friedmann na onye Germany na onye Juu gbara ọsọ ndụ Georg Honigmann biri na East Berlin, ebe Honigmann ghọrọ onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke Berliner Zeitung.
Ọnwụ na ihe nketa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Friedmann nwụrụ na 1991. Nwa ya nwanyị, onye edemede German Barbara Honigmann, dere akụkọ ndụ nke nne ya.[7]
Friedmann pụtara dị ka agwa na Cambridge Spies, ihe nkiri BBC 2003 dabere na akụkọ nke Cambridge Five. Lisa Dillon na-egwu ya.[8]
Edensibia
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ Simkin. Litzi Friedmann. Spartacus Educational. Spartacus Educational Publishers Ltd.. Retrieved on 3 June 2015.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Pearce (2016). Spymaster: The Life of Britain's Most Decorated Cold War Spy and Head of MI6, Sir Maurice Oldfield. London: Bantam Press, 89. ISBN 9780593075203. Pearce, Martin (2016). Spymaster: The Life of Britain's Most Decorated Cold War Spy and Head of MI6, Sir Maurice Oldfield. London: Bantam Press. p. 89. ISBN 9780593075203. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":2" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 3.0 3.1 My Spy. Lapham’s Quarterly (14 January 2016). Retrieved on 2016-02-13."My Spy". Lapham’s Quarterly. 14 January 2016. Retrieved 13 February 2016. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Volodarsky (2014). Stalin's Agent: The Life and Death of Alexander Orlov. London: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-965658-5.
- ↑ Philby (2003). The Private Life of Kim Philby: The Moscow Years. Little, Brown Book Group Limited. ISBN 0-9536151-6-2.
- ↑ Trahair (2009). Encyclopedia of Cold War Espionage, Spies, and Secret Operations. New York: Enigma Books, 141. ISBN 9781929631759.
- ↑ Honigmann (2004). Ein Kapitel aus meinem Leben (A Chapter from my Life). C. Hanser. ISBN 3-446-20531-4.
- ↑ Marmion. "The builder's mate", The Times, 14 July 2003. Retrieved on 7 January 2022. (in en)