Manuel Mendive
| ụdịekere | nwoke  |
|---|---|
| mba o sị | Cuba |
| aha n'asụsụ obodo | Manuel Mendive Hoyo |
| aha enyere | Manuel |
| aha ezinụlọ ya | Mendive |
| ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya | 15 Disemba 1944 |
| Ebe ọmụmụ | Havana |
| ọrụ ọ na-arụ | onye ese, onye na-akpụ ihe ọkpụkpụ, drawer |
| ebe agụmakwụkwọ | Academia Nacional de Bellas Artes San Alejandro |
| agbụrụ | Ndi Afrika nke Amerika |
| Ije | magic realism |
| onye nnọchite anya nwebiisinka | reproduction right not represented by CISAC member, ikike mmeputakwa nke CISAC-otu nọchiri anya ya |
| Nwere ọrụ na mkpokọta | CODA Museum |
| ikike nwebiisinka dị ka onye okike | Ọrụ nwebiisinka chekwara |
Manuel Mendive Hoyos (amụrụ 1944) bụ onye omenkà Afro-Cuba .
Akụkọ ndụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]A mụrụ Mendive na Havana, Cuba na 1944. Ezinụlọ ya na-eme La Regla de Ocha, ma ọ bụ Santería . A mulatto, ọ na-eji mgbọrọgwụ ndị Yoruba si n'ụsọ oké osimiri ọdịda anyanwụ Africa kpọrọ ihe. [1] Na 1963, ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na San Alejandro Academy of Plastic Arts, Havana.
Ihe nrite
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ọ natara ọtụtụ onyinye maka nka ya n'ime ihe ngosi na Cuba na na Europe. Kemgbe mmalite nke ọrụ nka ya, o sonyela n'ọtụtụ ihe ngosi otu na ihe ngosi nka. Emere ihe ngosi otu nwoke mbụ ya na Center of Art na Havana, na 1964. [2] Na 1968, e nyere ya ihe nrite Adam Montparnasse maka ihe ngosi eserese ya na Salon de Mai, na Paris, na ihe nrite nke atọ na Salón Nacional de Artes Plásticas, na Havana. [2] Ihe nrite ndị ọzọ kwesịrị ịrịba ama Mendive nwetara gụnyere nrite Alejo Carpentier sitere na Consejo de Estado nke Republic of Cuba, na 1988, na Chevalier des Arts et Lettres sitere n'aka Minister nke Culture na Francophony nke French Republic, na 1994. [3] Taa, nka ya bi na ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie na veranda n'ụwa niile nke gụnyere Cuba, Russia, Somalia, Benin, Congo, Norway, Denmark, Finland, Jamaica, na United States.
Ụdị na isiokwu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ọrụ Mendive na-agụnye ọtụtụ usoro nka na ụdị . Nkà ya gụnyere ịse, eserese, eserese ahụ, ịsa osisi, ihe ọkpụkpụ, na ịrụ ọrụ nke na-ejikọta egwu egwu na-adịghị mma na egwu egwu. Mgbe ụfọdụ, inweta ihe nka dị ụkọ n'ihi ọnọdụ akụ na ụba siri ike nke agwaetiti ahụ. N'ihi ya, ọ dabere na ihe okike ya na nkà ya iji nweta usoro dị iche iche, nke a na-ahụkarị na ọdịdị. Ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ ya bụ agba na osisi, bụ́ ndị ọ na-ejikọta ya na ihe ndị ọzọ na-adọrọ mmasị, dị ka, ntutu mmadụ, ájá, ábụ́bà, na ugegbe ndị na-egosi àgwà mbụ. [4] Ọ bụghị naanị na ọ na-ese mmanụ na pastel na akwa akwa, kama ọ na-ese ihe na masks na akwụkwọ mmado. Mendive bụkwa onye a ma ama maka nnochite anya ya nke ndị nsọ na chi Lukumi site n'iji osisi a kpụrụ akpụ, gbaa ọkụ na esere ihe nke o mere n'ime 1960s. [5]
Okpukpe Santería na-enwe mmetụta siri ike na nka Mendive. N'ezie, Santería na-agafe ụdị nka ọ bụla site na eserese ahụ ruo na ihe omume a na-eme n'ọha ọha. [1]
N'afọ ndị 1960 na 1970, e kere ọrụ ya kachasị mkpa, ha na-egosipụtakwa ngosi oge ochie nke akụkọ ifo ndị Yoruba site n'iji ihe eji eme ihe ndị yiri ebe ịchụàjà. Ihe atụ bụ isi na ụdị ya bụ oge ochie na akụkọ ifo na-egosipụta na mpempe nka ya bụ "Voodoo Altar" gosipụtara na Museo Nacional de Guanabacoa, na Cuba. Ụfọdụ ihe Mendive ji mepụta "Vodoo Altar" gụnyere alaka, nku, na ntutu isi. Dabere na nka nka nka Cuban Gerardo Mosquera, nka ya enweghị ọrụ emume, mana ọ nwere echiche nke 'echiche akụkọ ifo dị ndụ' ma jiri ihe onyonyo Afro-Cuba na-amụ ajụjụ nke ndụ oge a. [6] Akụkọ ifo na okpukperechi ya pụtara ìhè n'ihe osise ya nke 1967 bụ "Oya", nke bụ chi nwanyị ndị Yoruba nke oké ifufe. Ejikọtara Oya na ngabiga site na ndụ banye n'ọnwụ na Mendive nwere mmasị na ọnwụ n'oge 'oge ọchịchịrị' ya na njedebe 1960s. [7] Ihe atụ nke oge ochie ya, ihe onyonyo Afro-Cuban ka a na-ahụ na ihe osise osisi 1976 ya sere, "Ship Slave", nke gosipụtara mmalite nke mgba na ndụ nke oge a. Nkà ya dị ntakịrị, ma ọ na-akpali iche echiche.
Na 1970s, ọ gara n'ihu na-akwalite omenala Afro-Cuba site na nka ya mara mma site n'ịtụ aka na Middle Passage, colonialism, Cuban history and Yoruba history. [8] Nkà ya bụ ngwakọta nke ụdị Africa na nke Europe. Ọ na-eji njedebe a nke usoro na ọdịnala Africa na Europe gosi ụdị Afro-Cuba ya na ụwa ọdịda anyanwụ . Mendive gosipụtara akụkọ n'ọtụtụ nka na ihe ngosi ya. Nke a pụtara ìhè na eserese 1968 ya nke Che Guevara, nke na-enye akụkọ ihe nkiri na-ahụ anya na Western ụwa banyere mmetụta dị mma Che Guevara na Cuba. Gerardo Mosquera na-atụgharị uche na nka Mendive, "onye isi ojii na-ejikọta ya na esemokwu ole na ole n'ime ihe ọhụrụ: mba Cuba." [9] Mendive nwere ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịmepụta nka na-ejikọta omenala Afro-Cuba na isiokwu mba ụwa iji mee nkwupụta echiche banyere ihe gbasara mmekọrịta ọha na eze na Cuba. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, nkà ya na-egosi mmetụta sitere na Africa na Europe na Cuba.
Site na etiti 1960 ruo 2010, ọtụtụ ọrụ ya gụnyere eserese na eserese na-egosi mmụọ na ndị nsọ Orisha site n'iji ụdị agba dị iche iche na ụdị dị larịị. Isi isiokwu dị na nka ya bụ nnabata ya na okpukpere chi Africa na omenala Africa emepụtala njirimara na omenala mba Cuban. Gerardo Mosquera na-eto ya maka nka ya n'ihi na Mendive na-ekweta na teepu bara ụba nke onyinye Africa na omenala Cuban. [9]
Mendive gosipụtara n'oge na-adịbeghị anya na N'Namdi Center for Contemporary Art na Detroit. [10]
Njem na Africa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]N'afọ 1982, Mendive mere njem mbụ ya na West Africa wee gagharịa na mpaghara ahụ otu afọ na-enweta nghọta ọhụrụ banyere mgbọrọgwụ Yoruba ya. [11] O nwetara ume site n'itinye oge n'Africa wee bụrụ mmụọ nsọ na ọkwa ọhụrụ. Mgbe ọ laghachiri na Cuba, nkà ya gosipụtara ihe oyiyi jikọtara na gburugburu ebe obibi, dị ka, ihe osise 1984 ya bụ "Viento a Fete". [11] E gosipụtara ọrụ Mendive n'ememme "Ouidah '92", bụ nke mere mmemme Vodun art si Benin na ndị Africa Diaspora na Ouidah, Benin na February 1993. [12] Ejidere ihe atụ nke nkwenye ya na okpukperechi na omenala Africa jikọtara ya na ụwa eke site na eserese 1997 ya bụ "Olofi, Mmụọ, Mmadụ na ọdịdị". Na mgbakwunye, ihe omume ya na-egosipụta oke mmasị o nwere maka ọdịbendị Africa. Mmasị ya na omenala ahụ pụtara ìhè na arụmọrụ ya nke 1986 "La vida", bụ nke o ji ahịrị na-asọ asọ na-ese onyinyo ahụ na ihu nke ndị na-agba egwú. [11]
Ihe ndetu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Craven, David. "Part Two," Art and Revolution in Latin America 1910-1990. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2002: 110.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 O'Neill, Rosemary. "Biographies," Art in Latin America, Dawn Ades. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1989: 350.
- ↑ Block, Holly. "Biographies," Art Cuba: The New Generation. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. Publishers, 2001: 155.
- ↑ Block, H., "Biographies," 155.
- ↑ O'Neill, R., "Biographies," 350.
- ↑ Poupeye, Veerle. "Chapter 3," Caribbean Art. New York: Thames and Hudson Inc., 1998: 100.
- ↑ Poupeye, V., "Chapter 3," 100.
- ↑ Bettelheim, Judith. "Chapter 1," Afrocuba: Works on Paper, 1968-2003. San Francisco University: University of Washington Press, 2005: 30.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Craven, D., "Part Two," 110.
- ↑ Mary Lendzion, "Best of the rest: More fun things to do May 15-21", Detroit Free Press, May 15, 2014.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Bettelheim, J., "Chapter 1," 30.
- ↑ Rush (Winter 2001). "Contemporary Vodun Arts of Ouidah, Benin". African Arts 34 (4). DOI:10.2307/3337805.
Ntụaka
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Ades, ụtụtụ. "Akụ na Latin America." Rosemary O'Neill akụkọ ihe mere eme. New Haven na London: Yale University Press, 1989.
- Bettelheim, Judith. "Afrocuba: Na-arụ ọrụ na Akwụkwọ, 1968-2003." Mahadum steeti San Francisco: Mahadum Washington Press, 2005.
- Block, Holly. "Akụkụ Cuba: Ọgbọ Ọhụrụ." New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. Ndị mbipụta, 2001.
- Craven, David. "Nkà na Mgbanwe na Latin America 1910-1990." New Haven na London: Yale University Press, 2002.
- Poupeye, Veerle. "Caribbean Art." New York: Thames na Hudson Inc., 1998.
- Sullivan, Edward J. "Latin American Art in the Twentieth Century." New York: Phaidon Press Limited, 2004.