Maria Eugénia Neto

Maria Eugénia Neto
First Lady of Angola
[[ Ambassador to Templeeti:CountryPrefixThe]]
In office Templeeti:En dash range
President	Agostinho Neto
Preceded by	Office established
Succeeded by	Tatiana Kukanova
Personal details
Born	Maria Eugénia da Silva (1934-03-08) 8 Maachị 1934 Montalegre, Trás-os-Montes, Portugal
Spouse(s)	Agostinho Neto ​ ​ (m. 1957; died Templeeti:Hover title)​
Occupation	Writer

Maria Eugénia "Jenny" da Silva Neto (amuru 8 Maachị 1934) bu onye odee Portuguese-Angolan. Ọ bụ nwunye mbụ nke Angola. Amụrụ na Montalegre, ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Lisbon, na-amụ asụsụ na egwu. Ọ zutere nwa akwụkwọ ahụike Angola Agostinho Neto na 1948 na afọ iri ka e mesịrị, di na nwunye ahụ lụrụ. N’ihi ihe omume ya megidere ọchịchị colonial, a tụrụ ya mkpọrọ ọtụtụ ugboro, na-eme ka ezinụlọ ahụ kwaga Angola, Portugal, Cape Verde, na n’ikpeazụ na 1962 iji hazie ụzọ mgbapụ na paspọtụ Moroccan gaa Léopoldville, nke dị ugbu a na Democratic Republic of the Congo. Na Léopoldville, ọ ghọrọ onyeisi nke Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola (People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola, MPLA), ma n'afọ sochirinụ, ezinụlọ ahụ kwagara Brazzaville ọzọ, mgbe a chụpụrụ MPLA. Ha kwagara ọzọ na Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, na 1968, bụ́ ebe Neto malitere ịrụkọ ọrụ na Organização das Mulheres de Angola (Organization of Angolan Women, OMA), na-ebipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ ọgbakọ na ide mgbasa ozi redio maka MPLA. Ọ malitekwara ide akụkọ ụmụaka, mana ebipụtaghị ọrụ ya n'oge ahụ.

Na 1975, Angola nwetara nnwere onwe ya site na Portugal, Agostinho ghọrọ Onye isi ala Angola, na Neto ghọrọ nwunye mbụ nke Angola. E wezụga ije ozi dị ka onye nnabata nke mba ahụ, ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị malitere Uniao dos Escritores Angolanos (Union of Angolan Writers) na 1975, wee rụọ ọrụ na ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie nke mba ọzọ iji nwetaghachi ndekọ Angolan site na mba ofesi. Ọ malitekwara ibipụta akwụkwọ ụmụ ya. Akwụkwọ ya E nas florestas os bichos falaram (In the Forest the Animals Spoke, 1977) nwetara ihe nrite nsọpụrụ nke UNESCO na ngosi ihe ngosi nke Leipzig na 1978. Dị ka Union of Angolan writers si kwuo, nke a mere ka ọ bụrụ onye edemede Angolan mbụ nwetara nkwado mba ụwa.

Mgbe di ya nwụsịrị n'afọ 1979, Neto lekwasịrị anya n'ibipụta ọrụ ndị ọ na-ebipụta na mbụ na ichekwa ihe nketa ya. Na mgbakwunye na ihe odide nke ya, ya na ndị ọzọ guzobere Fund Children for Southern Africa rụkọrọ ọrụ iji nyere ndị nne na ụmụaka aka na South Africa. Ọ tọrọ ntọala wee bụrụ onye isi oche nke Fondation Antonio Agostinho Neto (Antonio Agostinho Neto Foundation, FAAN) na 2007. Site na ntọala ahụ, ọ kwadoro imecha Ncheta Antonio Agostinho Neto na 2012. Ọ natara ọtụtụ nsọpụrụ maka nraranye ya na nnwere onwe Angola. na maka ederede ya, gụnyere nsọpụrụ kachasị elu nke Cape Verde, Order nke Amílcar Cabral na 2023, na National Prize for Culture and Arts from the Union of Angolan Writers na 2011. Na 2017, a kpọbatara ya na Academia Angolana de Letras (Angolan). Ụlọ akwụkwọ nke akwụkwọ ozi).

Mbido ndụ, agụmakwụkwọ, na ezinụlọ

Maria Eugénia da Silva, nke a maara dị ka "Jenny" (ma ọ bụ Geni), mụrụ na 8 Maachị 1934, na Montalegre na mpaghara Trás-os-Montes nke Portugal, nye Maria Amelia da Silva. Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị nọn afọ isii. Ezinụlọ ya kwagara Lisbon, ebe ọ gara National Conservatory of Portugal [pt]. Na 1948, ọ zutere Agostinho Neto, nwa akwụkwọ ahụike Angolan na Mahadum Lisbon, onye na-etinyekwa aka na mmegharị akwụkwọ dị iche iche na mgbochi ọchịchị. Ihe omume Agostinho butere nwude ọtụtụ ugboro mana ọ gara n'ihu na-ede abụ na itinye aka na mmemme ndị e mere iji kpalite mpako na omenala Angola na ọchịchọ maka nnwere onwe obodo. Da Silva ghọrọ otu n'ime ezigbo ndị enyi ya wee malite ịchọpụta ihe gbasara ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na nsogbu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị o kere maka ndị Africa. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ eserese, asụsụ mba ọzọ na egwu, ebe Agostinho gụchara akara mmụta ahụike ya. Ha lụrụ na Lisbon na 27 October 1958, ụbọchị Agostinho gụsịrị akwụkwọ. Ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ dị ka ọkachamara n'ịgwọ ọrịa ụmụaka na Hospital de Dona Estefânia wee mụọ usoro ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ ebe Neto kwadoro maka ọmụmụ nwa mbụ ha, Mário Jorge, na njedebe nke 1959. Na December, ezinụlọ ahụ kwagara Luanda na obere oge ka e mesịrị. , Agostinho meghere ihe omume onwe ya na nwunye ya rụrụ ọrụ ebe ahụ dị ka onye inyeaka ya. Na July 1960, Polícia Internacional e de Defesa do Estado (International and State Defense Police, PIDE) nwụchiri ya maka ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya. Ndị uwe ojii kwụsịrị ngagharị iwe nke ndị na-akwado ya mere n’èzí ụlọ ọgwụ ya, ka e wee gbochiekwa inwekwu nsogbu, a kpọghachiri Agostinho na Pọtugal ka a tụọ ya mkpọrọ.

A chụpụrụ Agostinho na Cape Verde na October, mana Neto esoghị ya ka ọ na-atụ anya nwa ha nke abụọ. A mụrụ Irene Alexandra na July 1961 na na September, Neto na ụmụaka sonyeere Agostinho na Santo Antão, Cape Verde, ebe ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye nlekọta ahụike. [10] Ha kwagara Praia, mgbe Agostinho nwetara ọrụ n'ụlọ ọgwụ, ma na 1962, e zigara ya na Lisbon. N’inweta ikike ịrụ ọrụ n’Ụlọ Ọgwụ de Santa Marta, Agostinho haziri atụmatụ ịgbapụ iji kpọga ezinụlọ ya na Léopoldville, ugbu a na Democratic Republic of Congo. Ndị na-eme ihe ike bụ ndị guzobere Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola (People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola, MPLA) nọ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Léopoldville ma kwenyere na ọ bụrụ na Agostinho bụrụ onye ndú nke nzukọ ha, ọ ga-ejikọta ndị mba Angolan. N'ịhapụ n'ụlọ nne di ya, Agostinho na ezinụlọ ya nwetara akwụkwọ ikike ngafe site na ịga Morocco tupu ha erute Congo. E kwadoro onye isi ya na ogbako na December, na ọnwa na-esote, n'oge ogbako ọzọ na Brazzaville, na Republic of Congo, Neto mụrụ nwa ha nwanyị Leda. Ná ngwụsị nke 1963, ezinụlọ ahụ kwagara Brazzaville, mgbe a chụpụrụ MPLA na Léopoldville. Nwanne Agostinho bụ́ Ruth sonyeere ezinụlọ ya, mgbe n’April 1968, ha kwagara Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Ọrụ

Tanzania (1968-1975)

Na Tanzania, Neto malitere ịrụ ọrụ maka nku ụmụ nwanyị MPLA, Organização das Mulheres de Angola (Organization of Angolan Women, OMA). E hiwela OMA na Disemba 1962, dị ka ụzọ isi gbasaa iru MPLA n'ime ime obodo. Dị ka ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị bi n'ime ime obodo, nzukọ a chịkọtara ụmụ nwanyị ime obodo site na nzukọ ọmụmụ ihe gbadoro anya n'iwulite imekọ ihe ọnụ na nka bara uru, dị ka mkpọsa ịgụ akwụkwọ, agụmakwụkwọ n'ọchịchị na nlekọta ụmụaka, na klaasị ịkwa akwa. Ụmụ nwanyị ghọrọ ndị aka na-alụ ọgụ maka nnwere onwe, ibuga nri na ngwa ahịa ndị ọzọ. OMA zigara ụmụ nwanyị mba ofesi maka ọzụzụ ka ha bụrụ ndị nọọsụ, ndị ọrụ redio, na ndị agha okpuru ọchịchị. E nyere Neto ọrụ ibipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ n’asụsụ French na Bekee nke ezigara òtù dị iche iche ná mba ọzọ. O dekwara ihe omume redio ndị MPLA si Tanzania na-agbasa na Angola. O mere nka nke enwere ike ire iji nweta ego iji nyere umuaka aka ma hazie ihe omume na Mahadum Dar es Salaam iji mee ka amara na mmemme ha.

N'ime oge a, Neto malitere ide akwụkwọ ụmụaka. Na 1972, o dere E nas florestas os bichos falaram (In the Forest the Animals Spoke), nke a ga-ebipụta na 1977. Na Leipzig Book Fair na 1978, e nyere akwụkwọ ahụ onyinye nsọpụrụ nke UNESCO. O dere akụkọ ndị e mechara bipụta dịka nchịkọta gbasara ahụmahụ ha n'oge mgba nnwere onwe. Otu bụ banyere Hoji-ya-Henda, onye agha okpuru; ọzọ banyere mgbapụ ha si Portugal; otu banyere agha mgbago ugwu nke e gburu mmadụ 20 n'ime ndị agha 200 ahụ; na nke ọzọ gbasara ịnyịnya ibu ndị e ji ebu ihe. O dekwara bao-bab abụ, bụ́ osisi Africa na-eme anwansi, na akụkọ banyere otú kpakpando si emepụta. E mechara nyefee abụọ ikpeazụ dị ka akụkụ nke onyinye Angola nyere maka Afọ Nwatakịrị Mba Nile na 1979. Mkpebi ọchịchị Portuguese n’April 1974, kwụsịtụrụ itinye aka n’agha Portugal na Angola, na ná mmalite 1975, ezinụlọ ahụ laghachiri na Luanda.

Nwanyị Mbụ nke Angola (1975-1979)

N'abalị iri na otu n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 1975, a mara Agostinho dị ka onye isi ala mgbe Angola nwetara nnwere onwe.[2] Neto ghọrọ onye mbụ nwere ọnọdụ nke First Lady nke Angola.[22] Dị ka nwanyị mbụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-elekọta mba ahụ ma rụọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na mba ofesi. [23][24] N'oge niile ha nọ n'ọchịchị, Agha Obodo Angola, nke malitere ozugbo nnwere onwe gasịrị, wetara ọgba aghara na mba ahụ. Òtù MPLA nke Neto, nke Soviet Union na Cuba kwadoro, na União Nacional para a Independência Total de Angola (National Union for the Total Independence of Angola, UNITA), nke United States na South Africa kwadoro, lụrụ ọgụ ruo afọ 27 maka ịchịkwa mba ahụ.[25] Na mgbalị imebi ikike nke MPLA, UNITA jiri ihe nketa Neto dị ka nwanyị Portuguese iji kwado na MPLA nwere njikọ na ọchịchị nke Angola.[26] Agostinho zaghachiri na MPLA na-anọchite anya mmekọrịta agbụrụ na-ejikọta ndị Black, White, na Mestizo na-alụ ọgụ ọnụ maka Angola, ebe UNITA kwadoro site na ọchịchị South African Apartheid.[27] Onye nta akụkọ Clarisse Juompan-Yakam kọrọ na Neto gosipụtara ihe isi ike ọ nwere "na ndị ọcha bụ ndị mbụ a na-elekwasị anya n'oge agha nnwere onwe".[28]

Ọ bụ ezie na ọ gara n'ihu na-eje ozi na bọọdụ OMA ma soro ha rụọ ọrụ na ọrụ, Neto tụgharịrị uche ya na mmepe ọdịbendị. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie na England, France, na United States iji chịkọta ma weghachite ihe ndekọ na foto banyere Angola.[15] Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị guzobere Uniao dos Escritores Angolanos (Union of Angolan Writers) na 1975, [2] nke malitere ibipụta ihe odide ya na 1977.[15][20] Ọrụ Neto na Gabriela Antunes dugara na uto nke akwụkwọ ụmụaka n'oge mmalite nke nnwere onwe. Ọtụtụ n'ime akwụkwọ ha nwere isiokwu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na nke mba. Ndị ọkà mmụta José Luís Pires Laranjeira [pt] na Júlia Parreira Zuza Andrade, bụ ndị nyochara oge edemede a na Angola kwuru na ọrụ Neto E nas florestas os bichos falaram (N'ime Ọhịa Ụmụ Anụmanụ Na-ekwu) mere ihe yiri n'etiti mbibi nke okike site na mmadụ na mbibi nke mba site na ọchịchị. O kwukwara banyere ilekọta ndị agha nnupụisi na-achọ nchebe n'oké ọhịa, ka ha na-anwa ichebe mba ahụ.[29] Agostinho nwụrụ na 10 Septemba 1979 na Moscow mgbe ọ gachara Soviet Union ka a waa ya ahụ maka ọrịa kansa pancreatic.[30]

Onye edemede na onye na-eme ngagharị iwe (1980-dị ugbu a)

Mgbe Agostinho nwụsịrị, Neto lụsoro ịda mbà n'obi ọgụ.[28] Ya na ndị edemede Antero nke Abreu na Dario de Melo rụkọtara ọrụ iji hazie ma bipụta uri Agostinho na-ebipụtabeghị. A renúncia impossible: poemas inéditos (The Impossible Renunciation: Unpublished Poems) ka Instituto Nacional do Livro e do Disco (The National Institute of Books and Records, INALD) wepụtara n'afọ 1982.[31] N'afọ 1987, Neto; Jacqueline Jackson, onye na-ahụ maka udo na onye edemede US; Miriam Makeba, onye na-eti egwu na onye na-akwado ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ na South Africa; Sally Mugabe, First Lady of Zimbabwe; Marcela Pérez de Cuéllar, nwunye nke odeakwụkwọ ukwu Peruvian nke United Nations; na Dabanga dos Santos, onye Mozambican na United Nations, guzobere ntọala a na-akpọ Children's Fund for Southern Africa (CHISA).[32][33][34][35][36] E guzobere nzukọ ahụ iji dozie nsogbu, dị ka enweghị agụmakwụkwọ, nri, nlekọta ahụike, ebe obibi, na uwe zuru oke maka ndị nne na ụmụaka na Southern Africa, nke sitere na esemokwu na-aga n'ihu.[32] Ha mepụtara ogige ụmụ mgbei ma chịkọta ihe iji kwado agụmakwụkwọ na ntụrụndụ.[37] Ha nwekwara ike iguzobe ụlọ ọgwụ ahụike n'efu n'obodo ukwu na ndị agha nne iji mee mkpọsa agụmakwụkwọ gbasara ahụike, mgbochi ọrịa, na ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa n'ụlọ akwụkwọ.[38] Neto na ndị ọzọ gara United States na 1988 iji mee ka a mara na nkwado maka mmemme ha.[39]

Mgbe di ya nwụsịrị, Neto nwere mmekọrịta siri ike na gọọmentị Angola, ebe ọ na-eche na ha na-eme ihe zuru ezu iji chekwaa ihe nketa di ya.[40][41][42] Mgbanwe ntụziaka na gburugburu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ọkachasị mgbanwe gaa na "ịbawanye onwe onye" n'etiti ndị isi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, dị ka ndị ọkà mmụta Miguel Cardina na Vasco Martins si kwuo, dugara na nkwụsịtụ n'imecha Ncheta António Agostinho Neto (MAAN), nke malitere na 1982.[43] A chụpụrụ ọtụtụ n'ime ndị lụrụ ọgụ n'akụkụ Agostinho ma kwado iwu ya na Political Bureau nke MPLA ma belata onyinye ha. Ruo n'afọ 1998, mgbe e dezigharịrị atụmatụ maka MAAN, obere ihe ka emezuru. N'oge ahụ, Neto gara Pyongyang, North Korea, iji gakwuru ndị na-ese ihe na-emepụta ihe ndị a ga-egosi.[40] N'afọ 2007, o guzobere ma bụrụ onye isi oche nke Fondation Antonio Agostinho Neto (Antonio AgostinhoNeto Foundation, FAAN), otu a raara nye ịkwalite nyocha na ịgbasa ozi gbasara onye isi ala mbụ nke Angola na ọrụ ya.[12] Site na okike ya, ntọala ahụ sooro ndị otu imepụta ihe rụchaa MAAN, nke emesịrị meghee na 2012. [40][44]

Ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ ya, dị ka A Trepadeira Que Queria Ver o Céu Azul (2011), A Formação de Uma Estrela (2013), As Nossas Mãos Constroem a Liberdade (2018), As Aventuras de Amor-Flor em África (2018) ka e bipụtara ọzọ kemgbe e bipụtara ha nke mbụ.[45][46][47][48] Onye nyocha John Bella kwuru na ọrụ ndị ahụ na-egosi ihe isi ike ndị zutere n'oge agha ma nyere ndị ntorobịa aka ịghọta ihe nnwere onwe na-efu.[47] N'afọ 2016, Neto bipụtara Cartas de Maria Eugénia Neto a Agostinho Neto (Akwụkwọ ozi sitere na Maria Eugénía gaa na Agostinho neto), na 2021, ọ wepụtara akwụkwọ atọ Em cabo verde nasceu um menino chamava-se AgostinhoNeto (Na Cape Verde a mụrụ nwa nwoke a na-akpọ Agostinho Seto), Fica aí dentro do quarto soldado sou eu (M nọ n'ime Ụlọ Onye Agostinho), na Ninguém impediria a chuva (Ọ dịghị Onye Ga-akwụsị Mmiri Ozuzo), nke ọ bụla lekwasịrị anya n'oge dị iche na ndụ di ya[49][50]

Ihe Nketa

Neto meriri National Prize for Culture and Arts site na Uniao dos Escritores Angolanos (Union of Angolan Writers) maka ọrụ ya na 2011.[51] Nzukọ ahụ kwenyere na ọ bụ "onye edemede Angola mbụ nwetara nkwado mba ụwa".[52] N'afọ 2017, ọ ghọrọ otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị atọ, abụọ ndị ọzọ bụ Irene Guerra Marques na Fátima Viegas, bụ ndị a nabatara na Academia Angolana de Letras (Angolan Academy of Letters). [53] Onye nta akụkọ Angolian, Artur Queiroz bipụtara akụkọ ndụ nke Neto, Maria Eugénia Neto: Memórias de Jenny - A noiva de vestido azul (Maria Eugénia neto: Memories of Jenny - The Bride in the Blue Dress), na 2020.[54] Ọ natara Order of Amílcar Cabral na ogo nke abụọ, nsọpụrụ kachasị elu nke mba Cape Verde, na Julaị 2023 maka onyinye ya na mkpebi ya maka ọgụ nnwere onwe na mmepe nke Africa.[55] Mahadum mba ụwa nke Rome nyere ya Laurea Honoris Causa n'ọnwa Ọktoba.[56] A gụrụ Maria Eugenia Neto Provincial Hospital na M'banza-Kongo aha iji sọpụrụ ya, dị ka agbata obi dị na Luanda. [57][58]

Ọrụ ndị a họọrọ

• Neto (1969). No Prelúdio da Vitória (in Portuguese). Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Departamento de Informação e Propaganda do MPLA. [20]
• Neto (1973). O Humanismo de Henda (in Portuguese). Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Departamento de Informação e Propaganda do MPLA. [20]
• Neto (1977). E nas florestas os bichos falaram (in Portuguese). Luanda, Angola: Uniao dos Escritores Angolanos. [20]
• Neto (1979). Foi Esperança e Foi Certeza (in Portuguese). Lisbon, Portugal: Edições 70. OCLC 253462939. [20]
• Neto (1979). A Formação de Uma Estrela e Outras Histórias na Terra (in Portuguese). Lisbon, Portugal: Edições 70. OCLC 955740566. [20]
• Neto (1979). As Nossas Mãos Constroem a Liberdade (in Portuguese). Luanda, Angola: Edições Instituto Nacional do Livro e do Disco. OCLC 9000678. [20]
• Neto (1981). A Lenda das Asas e da Menina Mestiça-Flor (in Portuguese). Luanda, Angola: Uniao dos Escritores Angolanos. OCLC 180586145. [20]
• Neto (1984). A Trepadeira Que Queria Ver o Céu Azul (in Portuguese). Lisbon, Portugal: Publicações Europa-América. OCLC 551536912. [8][20]
• Neto (1988). A Menina Euflores: Planeta da Estrela Sikus (in Portuguese). Lisbon, Portugal: Plátano Editora. OCLC 316805476. [8][20]
• Neto (1989). A Montanha do Sol (in Portuguese). Alverca do Ribatejo, Portugal: Centro de Bem-Estar Infantil de Alverca. OCLC 29916537. [8][20]
• Neto (1989). Este É o Canto: Homenagem a Agostinho Neto (in Portuguese). Luanda, Angola: Edições Instituto Nacional do Livro e do Disco. OCLC 611961873. [8][20]
• Neto (1989). O Vaticínio da Kianda na Piroga do Tempo (in Portuguese). Luanda, Angola: Edições Instituto Nacional do Livro e do Disco. OCLC 439778720. [20]
• Neto (1991). Ninguém Impediria a Chuva (in Portuguese). Luanda, Angola: Edições Instituto Nacional do Livro e do Disco. OCLC 33207474. [20]
• Neto (1992). As Aventuras de Amor-Flor em África (in Portuguese). Luanda, Angola: Uniao dos Escritores Angolanos. OCLC 1075936079. [20]
• Neto (2001). O Soar dos Quissanges (in Portuguese). Lisbon, Portugal: Editorial Presenca. ISBN 978-972-23-3039-8. [8]

Ihe odide

Akwụkwọ

 

• A Família (Portuguese). Government of Angola (2012).
• (May–June 2008) "Remembering Miriam Makeba". Journal of the Musical Arts in Africa 5 (1): 89–90. DOI:10.2989/JMAA.2008.5.1.6.789. ISSN 1812-1004. Templeeti:Subscription required
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