Miriam Makeba
| ụdịekere | nwanyị  |
|---|---|
| mba o sị | Algeria, South Africa |
| Aha ọmụmụ | Zenzile Miriam Makeba |
| aha enyere | Miriam |
| aha ezinụlọ ya | Makeba |
| aha pseudonym | Mama Africa |
| ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya | 4 Maachị 1932 |
| Ebe ọmụmụ | Johannesburg |
| Ụbọchị ọnwụ ya | 9 Novemba 2008 |
| Ebe ọ nwụrụ | Castel Volturno |
| Ụdị ọnwụ | eke na-akpata |
| ihe kpatara ọnwụ | myocardial infarction |
| Dị/nwunye | Stokely Carmichael, Hugh Masekela |
| nwa | Bongi Makeba |
| Asụsụ obodo | Asụsụ Xhosa |
| asụsụ ọ na-asụ, na-ede ma ọ bụ were na-ebinye aka | Asụsụ Xhosa, Bekee |
| ọrụ ọ na-arụ | onye na-abụ abụ, omee, recording artist, onye na-ede ihe |
| oge ọrụ ya (mmalite) | 1953 |
| Oge ọrụ ya (njedebe) | 2008 |
| Ọnọdụ ahụike | rheumatoid arthritis |
| ngwa egwu | olu egwụ |
| diskografi | Miriam Makeba discography |
| Ọrụ ama ama | A Promise |
| ahọpụtara maka | Grammy Award for Best Global Music Album, Grammy Award for Best New Artist |
| webụsaịtị | http://www.miriammakeba.co.za |
Zenzile Miriam Makeba (4 Machị 1932 - 9 Nọvemba 2008), onye a na-akpọ Mama Africa, bụ onye na-agụ egwu, na-ede egwu, na-emekwa ihe nkiri, na onye na-akwado ikike mmadụ na obodo South Africa. Ejirimara ya bụ na ụdị egwu gụnyere Afropop, jazz, na egwu ụwa dị ka ana-akpọ ha, ọ bụ onye kwuputara okwu megide ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na ọchịchị ndị ọcha na South Africa.
A mụrụ ya na Johannesburg na ezinụlọ Swazi na Xhosa, a madoro Makeba ịchọta ọrụ mgbe ọ bụ nwata mgbe nna ya nwụrụ. Alụlụ-di nke mbu ya mgbe ọ di afọ 17, nke asi emekpara ya ahụ bụ ebe ọnọ mmụta otu mkpụrụ nwa ya na afọ 1950 ma nyaa ọrịa Kansa nke arā. A matara nkà olu ọma ya mgbe ọ bụ nwatakịrị, ọ malitekwara ọrụ ịbụ abụ n'afọ 1950, ya na ndị òtù a na akpọ Cuban Brothers, ndị Manhattan Brothers, na otu ụmụ nwanyị niile, ndị Skylarks, na-eme ihe ma na ngwakọta egwu jazz, abụ ọdịnala ndị Afrịka, na egwu ọdịda anyanwụ ndị na ewu-ewu. N'afọ 1959, Makeba were ọrụ dị nkenke na ihe nkiri na-emegide ịkpa ókè agbụrụ nke akpọrọ Come Back, Africa, nke mere mba ụwa ji mata onye ọ bụ, ma mee ka ọ rụọ ọrụ na Venice, London, na New York City. Na London, ọ zutere onye America na-agụ egwu Harry Belafonte, onye ghọrọ onye nduzi na onye ọrụ ibe ya. Ọ kwagara New York City, ebe ọ ghọrọ onye a ma ama ozugbo, ma dekọọ abọm mbụ n'onwe ya na afọ 1960. Gọọmentị mba ahụ gbochiri mgbalị ya ịlaghachi South Africa n'afọ ahụ maka olili ozu nne ya.
Ọrụ Makeba nwere ọganihu na United States, ọ weputara ọtụtụ abọm na egwu, nke kachasị ewu ewu bụ "Pata Pata" (1967). Ya na Belafonte, nwetara ihe rite nke Grammy akpọrọ "Best Folk Recording" maka album ha nke 1965 akpọrọ "An Evening with Belafonte/Makeba" . Ọ gbara akaebe megide gọọmentị South Africa na United Nations wee tinye aka na mmegharị ikike obodo. Ọ lụrụ Stokely Carmichael, onye ndú nke òtù akpọrọ Black Panther Party, na 1968, n'ihi ya, ọtụtụ ndị ọcha America kwụsịrị ikwado ya. Gọọmentị US kagburu visa ya mgbe ọ na-aga mba ọzọ, nke mere ya na Carmichael ji kwaga Guinea. Ọ gara n'ihu na-eme ihe nkiri, ọkachasị na mba ndị Afrịka, gụnyere ọtụtụ emume nnwere onwe. Ọ malitere ide ma na-eme egwu n'ụzọ doro anya na-ekwuto ịkpa ókè agbụrụ; abụ nke 1977 "Soweto Blues", nke Di mbụ ya ana akpọ Hugh Masekela dere, bụ makaọgba aghara Soweto. Mgbe e wepụrụ ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na 1990, Makeba laghachiri South Africa. Ọ gara n'ihu na-edekọ ma na-eme ihe nkiri, gụnyere abọm nke 1991 ya na Nina Simone na Dizzy Gillespie, wee pụta na ihe nkiri Sarafina!. A kpọrọ ya onye nnọchi anya FAO Goodwill na 1999, ma mee mkpọsa maka ọrụ ebere. Ọ nwụrụ site na nkụchi obi n'oge egwu 2008 na Ịtali.
Makeba so n'ime ndị egwu Afrịka mbụ natara nkwado zuru ụwa ọnụ. O gosiri ndi Ọdida Anyanwụ egwu Afrịka, ma mee ka egwu ụwa na ụdị Afropop bụrụ ihe a ma ama. N'agbanyeghị nzụlite ya na mba ụwa, ndị na-ege ya ntị n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ na-ele ya anya gburu-gburu dị ka onye nnọchitere anya Africa: a na-ahụkwa ya dị ka ihe ngosi ejiji na South Africa na Odida Anyanwụ. Makeba mere ka ọtụtụ abụ na-ekwuto ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na ewu ewu, ma ghọọ onye nnọchianya nke mmegid usoro ahụ, ọkachasị mgbe e wepụrụ ikike ya ịlaghachi. Mgbe ọ nwụrụ, onye wubu onye isi ala South Africa bụ Nelson Mandela kwuru na "egwú ya kpaliri anyị niile inwe olileanya dị ike".
Mbido ndụ ya
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Oge ọ bụ nwata na ezinụlọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]A mụrụ Zenzile Miriam Makeba na 4 Machị 1932 na obodo ojii nke Prospect, nọ nda Johannesburg, dị ka otu mkpụrụ nwa nna ya na nwa isii nke nne ya. Nna ya bụ onye Xhosa, Caswell Makeba, bụ onye nkuzi; ọ nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ isii. Nne ya onye Swazi, Christina Makeba, bụ onye na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọ; ọ kewapụrụ onwe ya na ndụ di mbụ ya wee zute ma lụọ Caswell n'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị. [1] [2] Makeba mechara kwuo na tupu a tụọ ime ya, a dọrọ nne ya aka ná ntị na ime ọzọ nwere ike igbu ya.
Early years
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ọ dighị ka Miriam ma ọbụ nne ya ga-adị ndụ mgbe ha ga bigara ọmụmụ rara ahụ. Nne-nne Miriam, onye gara ọmụmụ ahụ, na-ekwukarị "uzenzile", okwu Xhosa nke pụtara "ị wetaara nke a n'onwe gị", n'ihụ nne Miriam n'oge ọ na-agbake, nke kpaliri mụọ ya inye nwa ya nwanyị aha "Zenzile".
Mgbe Makeba gbara ụbọchị iri na asatọ, e jidere nne ya ma maa ya ikpe ịga mkpọrọ ọnwa isii maka ire umqombothi, biya emere n'ụlọ nke e ji malt na ọka mee. Ezinụlọ ha enweghị ego ịkwụ ụgwọ dị iwụ eriri ya iji zere mkpọrọ, Miriam nọrọ ọnwa isii nke mbụ na ndụ ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ. [3] [2] [2] [4][5] Ka ọ na-erule oge a tọhapụrụ nne ya n'Ụlọ mkpọrọ, nna Makeba, onye osiri ya ike ịchọta ọrụ dị ka onye nkuzi, enwetala ọrụ dị ka odeakwụkwọ na Shell Oil Company na Nelspruit (nke bụ Mbombela ugbu a) ma ezinụlọ ya sooro ya kwaga Pretoria mgbe ahụ. Mgbe nna ya nwụrụ ọ gàrà biri na ụlọ nne-nne nọ na Riverside Township ma igbafe Pretoria, ya na ụmụnne ya ma nne nọ na arụ ọrụ na ezinụlọ ndị ọcha na Johannesburg ikwado ezinụlọ ya.[6]
- ↑ Allen 2011, Makeba, Miriam Zenzi.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Feldstein 2013, p. 34.
- ↑ Castledine 2011, p. 229.
- ↑ Jolaosho 2021, Early Years.
- ↑ Ewens (11 November 2008). Obituary: Miriam Makeba. The Guardian. Retrieved on 26 March 2012.
- ↑ Jaggi. "The return of Mama Africa", The Guardian, 29 April 2000.