Martha Mvungi

 

Martha Mlagala Mvungi (amụrụ Martha V. Mlagala; na 19 nke ọnwa Jenụwarị n'afọ 1943 - 24 June n'afọ 2017) bụ onye Tanzania na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ, onye edemede akụkọ dị mkpirikpi, ọkà mmụta na onye nkuzi. O dere na Kiswahili na Bekee.

Ndụ

  A mụrụ Martha V. Mlagala na Kidugala, Njombe, n'ebe bụ Territory Tanganyika n'oge ahụ. Ọ bụ nwa nke abụọ Jeremaya Mlagala, onye pastọ na Dzitumulike Mhehwa. Onye so na ndị Bena, ọ nwetara agụmakwụkwọ mbụ ya n'etiti ndị Hehe. Nke a gụnyere oge na ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị Ilula yana Tabora Girls, na-agwụcha n'afọ 1961[2][3]

Mvungi gara n'ihu na kọleji ọzụzụ nkuzi wee gaa Mahadum Edinburgh. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ n'afọ 1968 wee laghachi Tanzania. N'afọ 1972, ọ lụrụ di na nwunye, n'afọ 1974 ọ gụchara akara ugo mmụta nna ya ukwu na Mahadum Dar es Salaam. Ọ kpọpụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ya Language Policy in Tanzanian Primary Schools with Emphasis on Implementation. Nnyocha ya gosiri mkpa asụsụ dị na nzụlite ọgụgụ isi na nke mmetụta uche nke ụmụaka.[3][4]

Dị ka onye so na ngalaba mmụta na Mahadum Dar es Salaam, Mvungi ruru ọkwa onye nkuzi ukwu n'afo 1982. N'otu afọ ahụ ọ gụchara akwụkwọ nyocha PhD ya,The Relationship Between Performance in the Instructional Medium and Some Secondary School Subjects in Tanzania. Nke a gara n'ihu na isiokwu a nyochara n'ọrụ mbụ ya. Kpọmkwem, o gosipụtara njikọ dị n'etiti nka n'asụsụ nkuzi na arụmọrụ agụmakwụkwọ.[4]   Mvungi sonyeere UNESCO National Commission dị ka odeakwụkwọ ukwu n'afọ 1982. N'afọ 1990, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ odeakwụkwọ na-adịgide adịgide maka Ministri ahụike. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye nduzi nke Training Fund for Tanzania Women. N'afọ 1995, o guzobere ESACS Academy, ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị mba ụwa na Dar es Salaam. Ọ chịrị ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ ruo n'afọ 2015. [3][5]

Martha Mvungi nwụrụ na 24 June n'afọ 2017. [3]

Ide ihe

Ihe odide mbụ Mvungi bipụtara pụtara n'afọ 1970 n'okpuru aha mbụ ya Martha V. Mlagala. 'Ọ bụ ihe efu? 'e gosipụtara na Darlite, akwụkwọ edemede ụmụ akwụkwọ' nke dabeere na Ngalaba nke Akwụkwọ, Mahadum nke Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Afrịka. Ọ bụ akụkọ banyere nwa agbọghọ nke hapụrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ ya na Njombe iji soro onye ọ hụrụ n'anya gaa Dar es Salaam. Mana ozugbo ọ batara n'obodo ahụ, onye ọ hụrụ n'anya gbahapụrụ ya, ọ gbakwara mbọ ịlaghachi n'ụlọ. N'ịbụ onye a manyere ịdabere na onye ọkwọ ụgbọala mmanụ na-aga n'Okporo ụzọ Tanzan iji laghachi n'ụlọ, ọ na-ahụ onwe ya dị ka onye na-adịghị ike ma na-atụ egwu.[6][7]

Ọ gara n'ihu bipụta akwụkwọ isii n'etiti 1975 n'afọ 2003, na Kiswahili na Bekee. E bipụtabeghị akwụkwọ abụọ ọzọ, The Voice na Writing off a Debt in Ngorongoro Crater.[3] Ọrụ ya gosipụtakwara n'ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ. Nke a gụnyere Unwinding Threads: Writing by Women in Africa na The Heinemann Book of African Women's Writing.[9]   Heinemann bipụtara akwụkwọ mbụ, na naanị, nke Mvungi n'asụsụ Bekee n'afọ 1975. A tọhapụrụ ya dị ka nọmba 159 na African Writers Series, Three Solid Stones bụ nchịkọta akụkọ ọdịnala. Mvungi bụ onye edemede Tanzania nke abụọ pụtara na usoro ahụ, mgbe Peter Palangyo gasịrị, na nwanyị Tanzania mbụ. James Currey, onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke usoro ahụ, nwere nchegbu banyere itinye akwụkwọ ọnụ, ma chee na Three Solid Stones enweghị ihe na-egbuke egbuke.[11]

N'otu afọ ahụ, Mvungi bipụtara Hana Hatia, akụkọ nchọpụta e mere iji gosipụta nsogbu ezinụlọ na ọha mmadụ Afrịka nke oge a. N'akwụkwọ akụkọ ya, Mvungi na-akọ akụkọ Petro, onye hapụrụ nwunye ya raara onwe ya nye, Maria, maka onye isi nwanyị. Maria, na-enweghị ike ịkwado onwe ya n'obodo ahụ, laghachiri n'ụlọ n'obodo Ujamaa. N'ebe ahụ, ọ na-enweta afọ ojuju dị ka onye nkuzi ụlọ akwụkwọ.[12][13]

Mvungi tụgharịrị gaa n'akwụkwọ ụmụaka na Yasin's Dilemma na Yasin in Trouble. Akwụkwọ ikpeazụ ya, Lwidiko, na-akatọ nrụrụ aka n'etiti ndị Tanzania nke oge a.[12]

Ọrụ zuru ezu

• Mlagala (1970). "Was it an illusion?" (in English). Darlite IV (2): 34–38. 
• Mlagala (1973). "The Traveller: Lulapangilo Zakaria Mhemedzi", in Iliffe: Modern Tanzanians: A Volume of Biographies. East African Publishing House, 115–132. 
• Mvungi (1975a). Three solid stones (in English). London: Heinemann. 
• Mvungi (1975b). Hana Hatia (in Swahili). Dar es Salaam: Tanzania Publishing House. 
• Mvungi (1982). Chale Anatumwa Sokoni (in Swahili). Dar es Salaam: Shudutonya Publishing Enterprise. 
• Mvungi (1976). "Interactions between education, culture and communication in Tanzania's socio-economic development: a historical presentation" (in English). Educafrica: Bulletin of the Unesco Regional Office for Education in Africa 11: 147–162. 
• Mvungi (1985). Yasin's Dilemma (in English). Dar es Salaam: Shudutonya Publishing Enterprise. 
• Mvungi (1990). Yasin in Trouble (in English). Nairobi: Heinemann. 
• Mvungi (2003). Lwidiko (in Swahili). Dar es Salaam: anzania Publishing House. 

Ebe e si nweta ya

• "PEOPLE IN THE NEWS: Mvungi: Author, educationist, mother", The Citizen, 2017-07-02. Retrieved on 2023-10-14.
• Arnold (1986). "Tanzania", in Gérard: European-language Writing in Sub-Saharan Africa. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 949–960. 
• Barkan (1990). African Literatures: Retrospectives and Perspectives (in English). Three Continents Press. 
• Callaci (2017). Street Archives and City Life (in English). Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press. ISBN 9780822369844. 
• Cutura (2007). Voices of Women Entrepreneurs in Tanzania (in English). Washington, DC: International Finance Corporation. 
• Currey (2008). Africa Writes Back: The African Writers Series and the Launch of African Literature. Oxford: James Currey. 
• Fister (1995). Third World Women's Literatures: A Dictionary and Guide to Materials in English (in English). Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. 
• Matzke (1996). "A Preliminary Checklist of East African Women Writers" (in English). Matatu: Journal for African Culture and Society 15-16 (1): 201–244. DOI:10.1163/18757421-90000188. 
• Morsberger (1976). "Reviewed Work(s): Three Solid Stones by Martha Mvungi" (in English). Books Abroad 50 (4): 940. 
• Qorro (2013). "Language of instruction in Tanzania: Why are research findings not heeded?" (in English). International Review of Education 59 (1): 29–45.