Na-agụ atụrụ

Ịgụ atụrụ bụ mmega ahụ nke uche nke a na-eji n'ọdịbendị ụfọdụ n'ime ụmụ gị aka ọbá dị n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Ụwa dị ka ụzọ isi mee ka mmadụ hie ụra.

N'ọtụtụ ihe ngosi nke ọrụ ahụ, onye na-eme ya na-ahụ usoro na-adịghị agwụ agwụ nke atụrụ ọcha na-awụli elu na mgbidi, ka ọ na-agụ ha ka ha na-eme otú ahụ. Echiche ahụ, ma eleghị anya, bụ ime ka ike gwụ mmadụ mgbe ị na-eji ihe dị mfe, na-ekwughachi ugboro ugboro, na-eme ka mmadụ dị ndụ ebighị ebi n'ụwa ọhụrụ nke ụwa họrọ site n'ime ụmụ ndị na-ehi ụra.

Ọ bụ ezie na omume a bụ n'ụzọ dị ukwuu, a naghị ejikarị ya eme ihe dị ka ihe ngwọta maka ehighị ụra nke ọma, ihe nkiri, ihe nkiri na-atọ ọchị, na mgbasa ozi ndị ọzọ na-ezo aka na ya, nke mere na ọ gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ n'echiche ụra nke ọdịbendị a ma ama. Okwu ahụ bụ "ụmụ atụrụ na-agụ" abanyewo n'asụsụ ndị ogbi ozi ọma ahụ n'ebe nile site n'ime ndị kasị dị ndụ ebighị ebi n'ụwa ọhụrụ nke dị n'ala nke dị ndụ ebighị ebi n'ụwa ọhụrụ Bekee dị ka okwu idiomatic maka ehighị ụra nke ọma. Atụrụ n'onwe ha abụrụla ihe jikọrọ ya na ụra, ma ọ bụ enweghị ya.

Ịdị irè

Ịdị irè nke usoro ahụ nwere ike ịdabere na ike uche achọrọ. Nnyocha nke ndị nchọpụta na Mahadum Oxford mere, ọ bụ ezie ọrụ ugbo nke dị n'ala ahụ n'ebe nile site na ụdị nke dị ka Azụmaahịa ka mma na ụdị na olu na ọ naghị etinye anụ ụlọ dị ka ihe a na-ahụ anya, chọpụtara ọhụrụ banyere mmanụ aṅụ achịcha dị ndụ ebighị ebi nke dị ka Azụmaahịa ka Azụmaahịa na ndị na-eche "ụsọ osimiri ma ọ bụ nsụda mmiri" ka a manyere ha iji ike uche mee ihe, ma na-ehi ụra ngwa ngwa, karịa ndị a gwara ka ha "na-adọpụ uche, nchegbu na nchegbu".^[1]^[2] Enwere ike inweta ụra site na ọtụtụ ọrụ ọ bụla dị mgbagwoju anya nke na-emefu ike uche.

Mmalite

Enwere ike ịbelata ọnụ nke dị ka onye ọ bụla n'ime anyị si nọrọ anyị nso n'ebe nile site n'ime ụmụ ndị ogbi ike ịchọta ihe mbụ na-ekwu maka ịgụta atụrụ dị ka ụzọ isi nweta ụra na Illustrations of Political Economy nke Harriet Martineau, site na 1832:

"Ọ bụ ihe na-enweghị isi ịhụ otu atụrụ n'otu n'otu na-esote nke na-eme ihe nkiri, onye ọ bụla n'otu ya na-etinye ụkwụ ihu ya na oghere dị na mgbidi, na-ebuli ụkwụ azụ ya n'azụ ya, na-ele anya n'otu ntabi anya site n'elu ugwu, wee banye n'ime olulu mmiri kpọrọ mmadụ dị ndụ ebighị ebi n'ụwa ọhụrụ ezi ntụziaka oriri dị ndụ ebighị ebi n'ụwa olileanya nke dị nkụ, nke e ji ajị anụ kpuchie. Usoro ahụ nwere ike ịbụ ihe na-adọrọ mmasị ma ọ bụrụ na ubi ahụ nwere ike bụrụ ihe onwunwe nwoke ọzọ, ma ọ bụ ma ọ bụrụ n'ìgwè atụrụ ahụ na-apụ kama ịbanye; mana ncheta nke ebe njem ahụ mere ka onye nwe ala ahụ hie ụra karịa otú unu niile ụmụ ndị ogbi na ụdị nke dị n'ala ahụ n'ebe nile site n'ime ndị kasị dị umeala Àgwà dị ùgwù n'anya dị ndụ ebighị ebi n'ụwa ugboro, mgbe ọ na-eme na njedebe nke usoro nke echiche nchegbu nke mere ka ọ teta. " (p. 355-356)

Enwere ike ịchọta ọbụna ihe odide mbụ na Don Quixote nke Miguel dé Cervantes, site na 1605 (ma e wezụga Cervantes na-anọchi "ụmụ ndị ogbi na ụdị ewu" maka "ụmụ atụrụ nke dị n'ala ahụ n'ebe"):

"Ka ofufe gị na-agụnye ewu ndị onye ọkụ azụ na-agafe , n'ihi na ọ bụrụ na mmadụ echefu nke dị ka, akụkọ ahụ ga-agwụ, ọ gaghị ekwe omume ikwu okwu ọzọ banyere ya. "

O yikarịrị ka Cervantes gbanwere akụkọ banyere ịhụnanya dị ndụ ebighị ebi nke dị ka Azụmaahịa ka onye ọ bụla n'ime ụmụ ndị ogbi ewu site na akụkọ banyere ịgụọ atụrụ na mmalite narị afọ nke iri na abụọ nke akwụkwọ Spanish Disciplina clericalis. Akụkụ The King and his Story-telller (nkebi nke 12) na-eji echiche nke ịgụta atụrụ n'ụzọ na-atọ ọchị.^[3] Disciplina clericalis na-adabere n'ihe odide sitere n'ụwa Alakụba. Ịgụ atụrụ bụ ma eleghị anya omume a ma ama n'ụwa Alakụba tupu mmalite narị afọ nke iri na abụọ.

Ọtụtụ ndị edemede na ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri na itoolu kwuru na a na-eji ịgụta atụrụ iji nyere aka n'ụra; oge nke 1860s-70s yiri ka ọ bụ mgbe ọ ghọrọ okwu a na-ahụkarị, dịka ọmụmaatụ dị ka onye na ụdị nke ụwa họrọ site n'ime ụmụ ndị ogbi na na Sabine Baring-Gould's Through flood and flame (1868): "Ọ tụgharịrị dị ka Azụmaahịa na ụdị ihu ya na mgbidi na-agwụ ike, ma gbalịa, site n'ịgụta dị ka ndị atụrụ na-agafe oghere ahụ n'ebe nile site n'ime, iji mechie anya ya".^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7] Macfarlane, Alexander William dere banyere usoro ahụ na Insomnia and Its Therapeutics (1891).^[8]

N'omenala a ma ama

Serta, onye America na-emepụta matarasị dị ka Azụmaahịa na ụdị nke dị ka, na-eji ihe odide atụrụ na-eme ihe nkiri na mkpọsa nri mgbasa ozi esighi na ozi ya "Counting Sheep", nke ọ malitere na 2000. Ọ bụ Aardman Animations mepụtara mgbasa ozi na ihe odide ahụ.

Na Goodnight Mr. Bean, nke iri na atọ nke usoro telivishọn Mr. Beana, onye isi nwere nsogbu ihi ụra. Mgbe usoro ndị ọzọ dara, ọ na-ese foto nke ìgwè atụrụ wee malite ịgụta ha, nke mbụ na mkpịsị aka ya wee, mgbe ọ tụfuru ọnụ ọgụgụ ugboro ole na ole, site n'enyemaka nke onye na-agbakọ. Mgbe ọ hụrụ ọnụ ọgụgụ atụrụ (ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị nanị site n'ime ka ọrụ nkụzi na ọmụmụ Ihe Anyị mụtara n'aka dị ka ndị ogbi na ime ihe eziokwu) na ngosipụta nke kalịnda, ọ na-ehi ụra ozugbo.

Na Shaun the Sheep Championsheeps, usoro 2012 nke egwuregwu animated shorts, a na-ezo aka na "ụmụ atụrụ na-agụta ọnụ" na ihe omume akpọrọ "Steeplechase". N'ụzọ dị mkpirikpi, Shaun na atụrụ ibe ya na-ekere òkè na ihe omume steeplechase. Bitzer nkịtị ọ bụla n'ime anyị si nọrọ na nche megide dị ka Azụmaahịa ka mma na, onye bụ onye na-ekpe ikpe, na atụrụ ndị ọzọ na anụ ụlọ, ndị bụ ndị na-ekiri, niile na-ehi ụra na-ekiri Shaun na atụrụ ndị ahụ ọzọ na-agba ọsọ gburugburu ụzọ ma na-awụli elu n'elu ihe mgbochi.^[9]

Aha akwụkwọ akụkọ sayensị dị otú ahụ n'ebe nile Philip K. Dick, Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?, na-ezo aka na okwu a.

Hụkwa

Yan Tan Tethera
Atụrụ ojii

Ihe odide

↑ "Counting sheep keeps you up", 24 January 2002.
↑ Harvey, Allison G., and Suzanna Payne. 2002. “The management of unwanted pre-sleep thoughts in insomnia: distraction with imagery versus general distraction.” Behaviour Research and Therapy. 40 (3): 267-277.
↑ ancient origin of counting sheep to fall asleep – purple motes.
↑ Clippinger (December 19, 1876). The Pedagogue of Widow's Gulch: Or, The Adventures of a Pioneer School Teacher in a Secluded Vale in California, where Married Men Could Not Live, and where Widows Did Not Die. R. Young.
↑ Bowra (December 19, 1872). Una, Or, The Early Marriage: A Domestic Tale. Hodder and Stoughton.
↑ The Monthly Packet of Evening Readings for Members of the English Church. John and Charles Mozley (December 19, 1877).
↑ Gould (December 19, 1868). Through flood and flame [by S.B. Gould.].
↑ Macfarlane (December 19, 1891). Insomnia and Its Therapeutics. William Wood.
↑ Episodes from Shaun the Sheep Championsheeps – broadcast in 2012. BBC. Retrieved on 12 September 2012.

P Martin (2005) na-agụ atụrụ: sayensị na ihe ụtọ nke atụrụ na nrọ, St.Martin's Griffin
Don Quixote nke Miguel de Cervantes dere: Isi nke XX

[1] "Counting sheep keeps you up", 24 January 2002.

[2] Harvey, Allison G., and Suzanna Payne. 2002. “The management of unwanted pre-sleep thoughts in insomnia: distraction with imagery versus general distraction.” Behaviour Research and Therapy. 40 (3): 267-277.

[3] t origin of counting sheep to fall asleep – purple motes.

[4] Clippinger (December 19, 1876). The Pedagogue of Widow's Gulch: Or, The Adventures of a Pioneer School Teacher in a Secluded Vale in California, where Married Men Could Not Live, and where Widows Did Not Die. R. Young.

[5] Bowra (December 19, 1872). Una, Or, The Early Marriage: A Domestic Tale. Hodder and Stoughton.

[6] The Monthly Packet of Evening Readings for Members of the English Church. John and Charles Mozley (December 19, 1877).

[7] Gould (December 19, 1868). Through flood and flame [by S.B. Gould.].

[8] Macfarlane (December 19, 1891). Insomnia and Its Therapeutics. William Wood.

[Championsheeps-9] Episodes from Shaun the Sheep Championsheeps – broadcast in 2012. BBC. Retrieved on 12 September 2012.

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