Ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Angola

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Ọchịchị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị ugbu a na Angola bụ onye isi ala, nke Onye isi ala bụkwa onye isi ala na gọọmentị; Kansụl nke Ndị Minista na-adụ ya ọdụ, nke ya na Onye isi ala mejupụtara ikike nchịkwa mba. Ikike ime iwu dị n'aka ndị omeiwu 220 a họpụtara na National Assembly. Onye isi ala nke mba ahụ, ya na ndị omeiwu, na-ahọpụta ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime ndị otu abụọ kachasị elu nke ndị ọka ikpe, ya bụ, Ụlọikpe Iwu na Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu. Ndị ọka ikpe ka bụ Ụlọikpe nke Auditors na Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke Ndị Agha.

Gọọmentị Angola nwere ngalaba atọ nke gọọmentị: ndị isi, ndị omeiwu na ndị ikpe. Kemgbe ọtụtụ iri afọ, ike ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị lekwasịrị anya na onye isi ala na People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola.  

Politics of Angola
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    • Ministry of External Relations
      Minister: Manuel Domingos Augusto

    Akụkọ ihe mere eme[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

    Kemgbe a nabatara usoro iwu ọhụrụ na 2010, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Angola na-ewere ọnọdụ n'ime usoro nke onye isi ala, ebe onye isi ala Angola bụ onye isi ala na onye isi gọọmentị, yana usoro ọtụtụ pati. Ọ bụ gọọmentị na-achịkwa ikike. A na-enye onye isi ala, gọọmentị na ndị omeiwu ikike ime iwu.[1]

    Angola gbanwere site na usoro Marxist-Leninist nke otu pati nke Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) na-achị, nke dị kemgbe nnwere onwe na 1975, gaa na ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya nke ọtụtụ pati dabere na iwu ọhụrụ a nakweere na 1992. N'otu afọ ahụ, e mere ntuli aka ndị omeiwu na nke onye isi ala mbụ. MPLA meriri ihe ka ukwuu na ntuli aka ndị omeiwu. Na ntuli aka onye isi ala, Onye isi ala José Eduardo dos Santos meriri ntuli aka nke mbụ na ihe karịrị 49% nke votu na Jonas Savimbi 40%. Nhọrọ nke abụọ gaara adị mkpa, mana emeghị ya. Mgbanwe nke agha obodo ozugbo ntuli aka gasịrị, nke UNITA weere dị ka aghụghọ, na ọdịda nke Lusaka Protocol, mepụtara ọnọdụ nkewa. Ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ, ụlọ ọrụ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya ọhụrụ rụrụ ọrụ, ọkachasị National Assembly, na ntinye aka nke UNITA na ndị omeiwu a họpụtara na FNLA - ebe José Eduardo dos Santos nọgidere na-arụ ọrụ ya na-enweghị ikike ọchịchị onye kwuo okwu. Otú ọ dị, ndị agha nke MPLA (nke bụzi ndị agha nke steeti Angola) na nke UNITA lụrụ ọgụ ruo mgbe e gburu onye ndú UNITA, Jonas Savimbi, n'agha na 2002.[2]

    Site na 2002 ruo 2010, usoro ahụ dị ka iwu nke 1992 si kọwaa ya na-arụ ọrụ n'ụzọ dị mma. Ndị isi nke gọọmentị bụ Onye isi ala, Praịm Minista na Kansụl Ndị Minista. Kansụl nke ndị Minista, nke ndị minista na ndị osote minista niile mejupụtara, na-ezukọ mgbe niile iji kwurịta okwu gbasara iwu. A họpụtara ndị gọvanọ nke mpaghara iri na asatọ ahụ ma rụọ ọrụ na obi ụtọ nke onye isi ala.[3] Iwu Iwu nke 1992 guzobere usoro sara mbara nke usoro gọọmentị na ikike na ọrụ nke ụmụ amaala. Usoro iwu ahụ dabeere na iwu Portuguese na omenala mana ọ na-adịghị ike ma kewaa. Ụlọ ikpe na-arụ ọrụ na naanị 12 n'ime ihe karịrị obodo 140. Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu jere ozi dị ka ụlọ ikpe mkpegharị; Ụlọikpe Iwu nwere ikike nyocha ikpe emeghị n'agbanyeghị ikike iwu. N'omume, ike na-elekwasị anya n'aka Onye isi ala bụ onye, nke ndị ọrụ na-abawanye ụba na-akwado, na-achịkwa ndị omeiwu, gọọmentị, na ndị ikpe.[4]

    Agha obodo ahụ were afọ iri abụọ na isii emebiwo ụlọ ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. UN na-eme atụmatụ na nde mmadụ 1.8 na-enweghị ebe obibi (IDPs), ebe ọnụ ọgụgụ a nabatara maka ndị agha metụtara bụ nde 4. Ọnọdụ ndụ kwa ụbọchị na mba ahụ dum na kpọmkwem Luanda (ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ dị ihe dị ka nde isii) na-egosipụta ọdịda nke akụrụngwa nchịkwa yana ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. Ọnọdụ akụ na ụba siri ike na-aga n'ihu na-egbochi nkwado gọọmentị ọ bụla maka ụlọ ọrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. Ụlọ ọgwụ enweghị ọgwụ ma ọ bụ ngwá ọrụ ndị bụ isi, ụlọ akwụkwọ enweghị akwụkwọ, ndị ọrụ gọọmentị anaghị enwe ihe ndị bụ isi maka ọrụ ha kwa ụbọchị.

    José Eduardo dos Santos kwụsịrị ọrụ dịka onye isi ala Angola mgbe afọ 38 gasịrị na 2017, João Lourenço, onye nọchiri Santos, nọchiri ya n'udo.[5] Otú ọ dị, Onye isi ala João Lourenço malitere mkpọsa megide nrụrụ aka nke oge dos Santos.[6] N'ọnwa Nọvemba 2017, a chụpụrụ Isabel dos Santos, nwa nwanyị ọgaranya nke onye bụbu onye isi ala José Eduardo dos Santos, n'ọkwa ya dị ka onye isi ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ala Sonangol.[7] N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2020, a mara José Filomeno dos Santos, nwa onye bụbu onye isi ala Angola, ikpe ịga mkpọrọ afọ ise maka igwu wayo na nrụrụ aka.[8]

    N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2022, pati na-achị achị, MPLA, meriri ndị ọzọ na Onye isi ala Joao Lourenco meriri afọ ise nke abụọ na ntuli aka ahụ. Otú ọ dị, ntuli aka ahụ bụ nke kachasị sie ike n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Angola.[9]

    Ngalaba na-achị isi[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

    Iwu iwu nke afọ 2010 nyere onye isi ala ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ike zuru oke. A ga-eme ntuli aka maka nzukọ mba ọ bụla afọ ise, onye isi ala bụkwa onye ndú nke otu mmeri ma ọ bụ njikọ aka. Ọ bụ maka Onye isi ala ịhọpụta (ma chụpụ) ihe ndị a niile:

    • Ndị otu gọọmentị (ndị minista steeti, ndị minista, ndị odeakwụkwọ steeti na ndị osote minista);
    • Ndị otu ụlọ ikpe iwu;
    • Ndị otu Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu;
    • Ndị otu ụlọ ikpe nke ndị na-ahụ maka nyocha;
    • Ndị otu Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke Ndị Agha;
    • Gọvanọ na ndị osote Gọvanụ nke National Angolan Bank;
    • General-Attorney, Vice-General-Attorneys na ndị nnọchi anya ha (yana ndị agha homologous);
    • Ndị Gọvanọ nke mpaghara;
    • Ndị otu Council nke Republic;
    • Ndị otu National Security Council;
    • Ndị otu Kansụl Ndị Ukwu;
    • Onye isi ndị agha na osote ya;
    • Ọfịs ndị ọzọ niile na ndị agha;
    • Onye isi ndị uwe ojii, na onye nke abụọ na-achị;
    • Ebe nchịkwa ndị ọzọ niile na ndị uwe ojii;
    • Ndị isi na ndị nduzi nke ndị ọrụ nzuzo na ndị nche.

    A na-enyekwa onye isi ala ikike dịgasị iche iche, dị ka ịkọwa iwu nke mba ahụ. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị ya ka o si mee iwu (naanị iji mee ka ha pụta ma mee iwu), Onye isi ala bụ onye ndú nke otu mmeri. Nanị ọkwa "dị mkpa" nke Onye isi ala na-ahọpụtaghị n'onwe ya bụ osote onye isi ala, nke bụ nke abụọ n'ime ndị mmeri.[10]

    José Eduardo dos Santos kwụsịrị ọrụ dịka onye isi ala Angola mgbe afọ 38 gasịrị na 2017, João Lourenço, onye nọchiri Santos, nọchiri ya n'udo.[11]

    Ngalaba iwu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

    Nzukọ nke Mba (Assembleia Nacional) nwere ndị otu 223, ndị a họpụtara maka afọ anọ, ndị otu 130 site na nnọchiteanya ruru eru, ndị otu 90 na mpaghara mpaghara, na ndị otu 3 na-anọchite anya ndị Angola na mba ofesi. E dezigharịrị ntuli aka n'ozuzu na 1997 maka 5 Septemba 2008. Òtù na-achị achị MPLA meriri 82% (oche 191 na National Assembly) na ndị isi na-emegide ya meriri naanị 10% (oche 16). Otú ọ dị, a kọwaala ntuli aka ahụ dị ka naanị akụkụ nke nnwere onwe mana o doro anya na ọ bụghị ikpe ziri ezi.[12] Akwụkwọ White Book na ntuli aka na 2008 depụtara ihe niile na-ezighị ezi gbara ntuli aka ndị omeiwu nke 2008.[13]

    Òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ntuli aka[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

     

    Ngalaba ikpe[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

    Onye isi ala na-ahọpụta ndị ọka ikpe nke Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu (ma ọ bụ "Tribunal da Relacao"). Ụlọikpe Iwu, nke nwere ikike nyocha ikpe, nwere ndị ọka ikpe iri na otu. Onye isi ala na-ahọpụta anọ, anọ site na National Assembly, abụọ site na Superior Council of the Judiciary, na otu nke ọha na eze họpụtara.[14]

    Nkewa ọchịchị[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

    Angola nwere mpaghara iri na asatọ: Bengo, Benguela, Bie, Cabinda, Cuando Cubango, Cuanza Norte, Cuança Sul, Cunene, Huambo, Huila, Luanda, Lunda Norte, Lunda Sul, Malanje, Moxico, Namibe, Uige, Zaire

    Òtù ndị na-eme ka nrụgide na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

    Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda ma ọ bụ FLEC (Henrique N'zita Tiago; António Bento Bembe)

    • Rịba ama: FLEC na-alụ ọgụ obere, nke a haziri nke ọma, maka nnwere onwe nke Cabinda Province[15]

    Ntinye aka nke nzukọ mba ụwa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

    African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States, AfDB, CEEAC, United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, FAO, Group of 77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, International Criminal Court (onye bịanyere aka), ICFTU, International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, International Development Association, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, International Labour Organization, International Monetary Fund, International Maritime Organization, Interpol, IOC, International Organization for Migration, ISO (onye na-na-na-NNue, UN, UN, World Trade Federation, UNIDO, UN, UNESCO

    Hụkwa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

    • Government of the Republic of Angola [pt]

    Ihe odide[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

    1. ↑ Constituent Assembly approves Angolan Constitution. Angola Press. Archived from the original on 27 February 2012. Retrieved on 4 July 2015.
    2. ↑ From 1998 to 2002, there existed even a Government of National Unity and Reconciliation which included ministers from both FNLA and UNITA.
    3. ↑ Angola: Constitution of 1992. Electoral Institute for Sustainable Democracy in Africa. Archived from the original on 4 July 2015. Retrieved on 4 July 2015.
    4. ↑ http://www.bertensmann-transformation-index.de/bti/laendergutachten/laendergutachten/oestliches-und-suedliches-afrika/angolaÀtụ:Dead link
    5. ↑ Cascais. "Who Is Angola's New President Joao Lourenco?", Deutsche Welle, 2017-09-26. Retrieved on 2021-03-03. (in en)
    6. ↑ Angola: Is Lourenço using his anti-corruption fight to settle scores?. The Africa Report.com (12 May 2021).
    7. ↑ "Isabel Dos Santos sacked from Angola state oil firm", BBC News, 15 November 2017.
    8. ↑ "José Filomeno dos Santos: Son of Angola's ex-leader jailed for five years", BBC News, 14 August 2020.
    9. ↑ "Angola's MPLA ruling party wins elections and presidency", www.aljazeera.com. (in en)
    10. ↑ Archived copy. Archived from the original on 28 March 2012. Retrieved on 3 August 2011.
    11. ↑ Welle (www.dw.com). Who is Angola's new president Joao Lourenco? | DW | 26.09.2017 (en-GB). DW.COM. Retrieved on 2021-09-01.
    12. ↑ Angola´s Parliamentary Elections in 2008, Publications, Namibia Office, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V.. Archived from the original on 28 April 2009. Retrieved on 15 September 2009.
    13. ↑ http://www.kas.de/proj/home/pub/8/2/year-2009/dokument_id-17396/index.htmlÀtụ:Dead link
    14. ↑ Tribunal Constitucional de Angola - Tribunal (pt). www.tribunalconstitucional.ao. Archived from the original on 7 February 2015. Retrieved on 2017-07-10.
    15. ↑ Cabinda | Facts & Conflict | Britannica (en). www.britannica.com. Retrieved on 2022-07-07.

    Ịgụ ihe ọzọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

    • ANGOLA LIVRO BRANCO SOBRE AS ELEIÇÕES nke 2008. http://www.kas.de/proj/home/pub/8/2/year-2009/dokument_id-17396/index.html%5B%5D
    • [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Nhọrọ ndị omeiwu Angola na 2008. A Country on its Way to One-Party-Democracy, KAS Auslandsinformationen 10/2008. http://www.kas.de/wf/de/33.15186/
    • Amundsen, I. (2011) Angola Party Politics: Into the African Trend.

    Njikọ mpụga[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

    • nke Chr. Ụlọ ọrụ Michelsen Ebe kachasị ukwuu maka nyocha mmepe na Scandinavia. Karịsịa, lee mmemme ha na-arụkọ ọrụ na Angola.

    Àtụ:Africa in topicÀtụ:Angola topics

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