Njikọ Maka Omume Biotrade

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Union for Ethical BioTrade (UEBT) bụ òtù na-enweghị uru nke na-akwalite "Nweta na nkwanye ùgwù" nke ihe ndị sitere na ụdị dị iche iche. Ndị otu na-etinye aka iji nwayọọ nwayọọ hụ na omume ha na-akwalite nchekwa nke ụdị dị iche iche, na-asọpụrụ ihe ọmụma ọdịnala ma na-emesi obi ike na ha ga-ekerịta uru n'ụzọ ziri ezi n'usoro nnyefe, na-agbaso ụkpụrụ omume nke BioTrade.[1] Ndị otu na-etinye aka na usoro nkwenye UEBT, nke na-agụnye ịnata nkwenye nke atọ n'onwe ya megide ụkpụrụ omume BioTrade, na-emepụta atụmatụ ọrụ maka nkwenye nke nta nke nta maka ihe niile sitere n'okike, yana nkwenye maka imeziwanye mgbe e nwetara nkwenye.[2]

Akụkọ ihe mere eme[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

UEBT bụ òtù nke e guzobere na Mee 2007 na Geneva, Switzerland.[3] E chepụtara ya na nzaghachi maka ọtụtụ mmepe. Nke mbụ, Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) kwetara na mgbalị ndị ọzọ dị mkpa iji ruo na ngalaba onwe. CBD ghọtara njikọ siri ike dị n'etiti azụmahịa na ụdị dị iche iche, yana ịdabere na ụlọ ọrụ na ụdị dịgasị iche iche ma gosipụta ọrụ dị mkpa ụlọ ọrụ onwe na-arụ na ojiji na-adịgide adịgide na mkpa maka mgbalị na ngwaọrụ iji tinye aka na ya.[4] N'ịchụso mkpebi ndị otu CBD mere gbasara itinye aka na ngalaba onwe na iji ụkpụrụ mee ihe na nke a, e chepụtara echiche nke UEBT. Okike nke Union for Ethical BioTrade zaghachikwara mkpa nke obere ụlọ ọrụ na nke etiti (SMEs) gosipụtara na mba ndị na-emepe emepe maka ụzọ isi mee ka ngwaahịa dị iche iche dị iche iche dabere na ihe dị iche iche n'ahịa. N'ikpeazụ, UEBT wuru na mgbalị nke BioTrade Initiative nke United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) malitere, nke e kere iji nye aka mee ka ụdị dị iche iche dị iche iche bụrụ atụmatụ maka mmepe na-adịgide adịgide.[5]

N'ụbọchị nke 8 n'ọnwa Mee afọ 2007, e nwere nzukọ nke ndị otu ntọala ahụ ma kwado isiokwu nke njikọ ahụ. Iji kwado mgbalị nke Union, CBD na UEBT bịanyere aka na Memorandum of Understanding na Disemba 2008, iji gbaa ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-etinye aka na BioTrade ume ịnakwere ma kwalite ezigbo omume.[6]

Ihe E Mere[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ọ bụ ezie na CBD na CSD na-enye ụkpụrụ n'ozuzu, ọ bụghị ọtụtụ nduzi bara uru dị ugbu a iji nyere azụmaahịa aka ịga n'ihu na nnweta ụkpụrụ omume nke ụdị dị iche iche.[7] UEBT na-ejupụta ọdịiche a ma na-enye aka na nchekwa dị iche iche na mmepe na-adịgide adịgide. UEBT na-ezube ijikọ ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na-etinye aka na BioTrade Ethical, ma na-akwalite, na-eme ka ọ dị mfe ma na-amata nnweta omume nke ụdị dị iche iche dị iche iche n'ụzọ kwekọrọ na ebumnuche nke CBD.[8]

Iji mezuo ebumnuche ndị a, UEBT na-akwado ndị otu ya na usoro ndị otu na ọrụ ha iji mezuo ụkpụrụ omume nke BioTrade. Ọ na-enyekwa nkwado teknụzụ, na-ahazi nzukọ na ogbako mgbe niile gburugburu Access and Benefit Sharing na biodiversity, na-ebipụta akwụkwọ na akụkọ, ma na-agakwuru òtù na isi mmalite nke ụkpụrụ omume site na biodiversity.[9]

Ụkpụrụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

UEBT na-achịkwa ụkpụrụ omume nke BioTrade, nke na-enye ihe ndabere maka ndị UEBT Trading Members iji melite omume ha nke inweta ụdị dị iche iche. Ndị otu UEBT na-emepụta usoro nchịkwa dị iche iche nke na-aga n'ihu na mmejuputa ụkpụrụ omume nke BioTrade na ọrụ ha niile metụtara ihe ndị sitere n'okike, yana usoro nnyefe ha niile.[10]

N'ịbanye UEBT, otu ụlọ ọrụ kwenyere ịgbaso ụkpụrụ nke Ethical BioTrade. Nke a pụtara iji omume ndị na-akwalite ojiji na-adịgide adịgide nke ihe ndị sitere n'okike, ka ha na-ahụ na a na-akwụ ndị niile na-enye aka na usoro nnyefe ọnụahịa ziri ezi ma na-ekerịta uru ndị sitere na iji ụdị dị iche iche. A na-etinye ụkpụrụ omume nke BioTrade na ọrụ nke ndị otu UEBT na-azụ ahịa, gụnyere dịka ọmụmaatụ na nyocha, ihe ọhụrụ na mmepe.[11]

Ndị otu UEBT na-agafe nyocha mgbe niile site n'aka ndị otu nyocha nke atọ. UEBT na-arụ ọrụ na ndị na-esonụ Verification Bodies: Imaflora, SGS Qualifor, NaturaCert, Control Union Certifications, Ecocert SA, SGS del Peru S.A.C., Soil Association, IBD Certificações (IBD), Biotropico S.A., IMO do Brasil, na Rainforest Alliance.

The Ethical BioTrade Standard na-ewulite na ụkpụrụ asaa na Criteria dị ka UNCTAD BioTrade Initiative mepụtara.[12] Nke mbụ e guzobere na 2007, e dezigharịrị ya na Eprel 2011, na-agbaso ihe ISEAL Alliance na World Trade Organization (WTO) chọrọ. Ihe ndị a chọrọ gụnyere mkpa ọ dị ịtụle ọkọlọtọ ahụ oge ụfọdụ ma hụ na ndị na-etinye aka na ya n'oge usoro nyocha ahụ.[13]

Biodiversity Barometer[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Kwa afọ UEBT na-ebipụta Biodiversity Barometer.[14] Biodiversity Barometer nwere nsonaazụ nke ọmụmụ mmata nke UEBT nyere iwu ma na-enye nghọta banyere mmata nke ụdị dị iche iche n'etiti ndị na-azụ ahịa na otu ụlọ ọrụ mara mma si kọọ banyere ụdị dị iche dị iche iche.[15][16][17][18] A na-eji Barometer eme ihe dị ka otu n'ime ihe ngosi maka ịlele ọganihu iji zute Aichi Biodiversity Target 1 na Biodiversidad Indicators Partnership's Aichi Passport.[19]

Ndị otu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Union for Ethical BioTrade nwere ọtụtụ ụdị ndị na-azụ ahịa: ụdị, ndị na-emepụta ihe na ụlọ ọrụ nhazi, ọkachasị na ihe ntecha zuru ụwa ọnụ, ọgwụ na ngalaba nri. Ndị na-azụ ahịa UEBT ugbu a gụnyere Natura, Weleda, Laboratoires Expanscience na Aroma Forest. UEBT nwekwara ndị mmekọ, nke ugbu a gụnyere International Finance Corporation (IFC), MEB - Movimento Empresarial Brasileiro pela Biodiversidade, PhytoTrade Africa na Rongead.

Nkwado[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Union for Ethical BioTrade na-enweta ego site na ụgwọ ndị otu na onyinye sitere n'aka ndị na-enye onyinye.

Ọchịchị[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Nzukọ Ezumezu na-arụ ọrụ dị ka isi òtù na-achị UEBT ma na-ezukọ otu ugboro n'afọ iji họpụta ndị otu Board. Nzukọ Ezumezu ahụ bụ ndị otu UEBT niile. Ndị otu Provisional, Trading na Affiliate nwere ikike ịtụ vootu ma họpụta Board of Directors, si otú a kwado njikwa nke nzukọ ahụ. UNCTAD, CBD na International Finance Corporation na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị na-ekiri Board. Iji kwado ọrụ nke UEBT, Board ahọpụtala kọmitii dị iche iche, gụnyere kọmitii mkpegharị, kọmitii ndị otu, na kọmitii ụkpụrụ.

Ihe odide[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  1. ↑ Ethical BioTrade Standard. Archived from the original on 2016-03-06. Retrieved on 2023-08-19.
  2. ↑ ISEAL homepage. Retrieved on 2013-05-15.
  3. ↑ UN Foundation. UN Foundation. Retrieved on 15 May 2013.
  4. ↑ Johnson. Ethical biotrade as a business alternative to biopiracy: three levels of interpretations of emerging social demands. REEDS, University of Versailles. Retrieved on 15 May 2013.
  5. ↑ BioTrade Initiative
  6. ↑ Convention on Biological Diversity. Memorandum of Understanding. CBD. Retrieved on January 5, 2013.
  7. ↑ UNCTAD BioTrade Initiative - BioTrade Principles and Criteria. Retrieved on 15 May 2013.
  8. ↑ Natural Justice. Archived from the original on 27 July 2013. Retrieved on 15 May 2013.
  9. ↑ Trade for Development. Retrieved on 15 May 2013.
  10. ↑ International Trade Centre. Retrieved on 15 May 2013.
  11. ↑ International Institute for Environment and Development. Retrieved on 15 May 2013.
  12. ↑ BioTrade Principles and Criteria. Retrieved on 15 May 2013.
  13. ↑ ISEAL Code of Good Practice. Archived from the original on 20 September 2012. Retrieved on 3 July 2013.
  14. ↑ Biodiversity Barometer. Archived from the original on 2016-04-17. Retrieved on 2023-08-19.
  15. ↑ Premium Beauty News. "Biodiversity offers branding opportunities, says UEBT", Premium Beauty News, 2013-04-23. Retrieved on January 5, 2013.
  16. ↑ Biodiversitaets-Barometer 2013. Bundesamt fuer Naturschutz. Retrieved on 30 May 2013.
  17. ↑ Biodiversitaet: Fuer viele noch immer ein Fremdwort. Global Magazin. Retrieved on 30 May 2013.
  18. ↑ Biodiversitaet kennt nur jeder Zweite. Archived from the original on 14 May 2013. Retrieved on 30 May 2013.
  19. ↑ Biodiversity Indicators Partnership. BIP. Retrieved on 1 May 2013.

Njikọ mpụga[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Àtụ:Natura & Co

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