Nkà na ụzụ
Nkà na ụzụ, nke a na-akpọkwa echiche, bụ nka nke a na'ebute echiche (s) ma ọ bụ echiche (s" metụtara ọrụ ahụ ụzọ ma ọ bụ karịa nchegbu ọdịnala, teknụzụ, na ihe onwunwe. Onye ọ bụla nwere ike ịmepụta ụfọdụ ọrụ nka echiche site na ịgbaso usoro ntụziaka edere ede. [1]Usoro a bụ ihe dị mkpa nye onye America na-ese ihe Sol LeWitt nkọwa nke nkà echiche, otu n'ime ndị mbụ pụtara na mbipụta:
Nkà echiche, nke a na-akpọkwa dị ka echiche echiche, bụ nka nke a na-ebute echiche (s) ma ọ bụ echiche (s) dị na ọrụ ahụ ụzọ n'otu aka ahụ ma ọ bụ karịa ihe ịchọ mma omenala, nkà na ụzụ na ihe onwunwe.
Tony Godfrey, onye dere Conceptual Art (Art & Ideas) (1998), na-ekwusi ike na nkà na ụzụ na-ajụ ọdịdị nke nka, echiche nke Joseph Kosuth buliri ka ọ bụrụ nkọwa nke nka n'onwe ya na isi ya, mmalite nke nkà na ụkọ, Art after Philosophy (1969). [2]Echiche ahụ bụ na nka kwesịrị inyocha ọdịdị ya bụ akụkụ dị ike nke ọhụụ nka Clement Greenberg nke nka nke oge a n'afọ ndị 1950. Site na mpụta nke nka dabeere na asụsụ na 1960s, Otú ọ dị, ndị na-ese ihe dị ka Art & Language, Joseph Kosuth (onye ghọrọ onye nchịkọta akụkọ America nke Art-Language), na Lawrence Weiner malitere ajụjụ gbasara nka karịa ka o kwere omume na mbụ (lee n'okpuru). Otu n'ime ihe mbụ na ihe kachasị mkpa ha jụrụ bụ echiche a na-ahụkarị na ọrụ onye na-ese ihe bụ ịmepụta ụdị ihe pụrụ iche.[3][4][5]
Site na njikọ ya na Young British Artists na Turner Prize n'oge 1990s, n'iji ya eme ihe, ọkachasị na United Kingdom, "nkà echiche" bịara na-egosi nka niile nke oge a nke na-adịghị eme nkà ọdịnala nke eserese na ihe ọkpụkpụ. [6]Otu n'ime ihe mere e ji ejikọta okwu ahụ bụ "nkà echiche" na omume dị iche iche nke oge a nke dị anya site na ebumnuche na ụdị mbụ ya bụ nsogbu nke ịkọwa okwu ahụ n'onwe ya. Dị ka onye na-ese ihe Mel Bochner tụrụ aro na mbido afọ 1970, n'ịkọwa ihe mere na ọ naghị amasị okwu "echiche", ọ bụghị mgbe niile ka o doro anya ihe "echiche" na-ezo aka, ọ na-enwekwa ihe ize ndụ nke ịbụ onye mgbagwoju anya na "ezube". Ya mere, n'ịkọwa ma ọ bụ kọwaa ọrụ nka dị ka echiche ọ dị mkpa ịghara ịgbagwoju ihe a na-akpọ "echiche" na "ezube" nke onye na-ese ihe.
Onye France na-ese ihe Marcel Duchamp kwadebere ụzọ maka ndị na-ese echiche, na-enye ha ihe atụ nke ọrụ echiche - readymades, dịka ọmụmaatụ. Ihe kachasị ewu ewu n'ime ihe ndekọ Duchamp bụ Fountain (1917), ihe ngosi nke onye na-ese ihe na-eji aha "R.Mutt" bịanyere aka, ma nyefee ya maka itinye ya na ihe ngosi kwa afọ, nke na-enweghị ikpe nke Society of Independent Artists na New York (nke jụrụ ya). [7]Omenala nka anaghị ahụ ihe a na-ahụkarị (dị ka nsị) dị ka nka n'ihi na ọ bụghị onye na-ese ihe ma ọ bụ na ebumnuche ọ bụla nke ịbụ nka, ọ bụghịkwa ihe pụrụ iche ma ọ bụ aka. Mkpa Duchamp na mkpa ọ dị maka "ndị na-ahụ maka echiche" n'ọdịnihu ka onye na-ese ihe na US Joseph Kosuth mechara kweta na edemede ya nke afọ 1969, Art after Philosophy, mgbe o dere, sị: "Ihe osise niile (mgbe Duchamp gasịrị) bụ echiche (n'okike) n'ihi na nka dị naanị n'echiche".
- ↑ Wall Drawing 811 – Sol LeWitt. Archived from the original on 2 March 2007.
- ↑ Godrey, Tony (1988). Conceptual Art (Art & Ideas). London: Phaidon Press Ltd. ISBN 978-0-7148-3388-0.
- ↑ Joseph Kosuth, Art After Philosophy (1969). Reprinted in Peter Osborne, Conceptual Art: Themes and Movements, Phaidon, London, 2002. p. 232
- ↑ Art & Language, Art-Language The Journal of conceptual art: Introduction (1969). Reprinted in Osborne (2002) p. 230
- ↑ Ian Burn, Mel Ramsden: "Notes On Analysis" (1970). Reprinted in Osborne (2003), p. 237. E.g. "The outcome of much of the 'conceptual' work of the past two years has been to carefully clear the air of objects."
- ↑ "Turner Prize history: Conceptual art". Tate Gallery. tate.org.uk. Accessed August 8, 2006
- ↑ Tony Godfrey, Conceptual Art, London: 1998. p. 28