Nsogbu ikwu okwu

Shí Wikipedia, njikotá édémédé nke onyobulạ

 

Nsogbu ikwu okwu ma ọ bụ nkwarụ ikwu okwu bụ ụdị nsogbu nkwurịta okwu nke na-emebi okwu nkịtị. Nke a nwere ike ịpụta nsogbu nke ịdị mfe dị ka ịsụ ngọngọ, ịsụ ngwụrọ ma ọ bụ ịsụ ngụrọ. A na-ewere onye na-enweghị ike ikwu okwu n'ihi nsogbu ikwu okwu dị ka onye ogbi.[1] Ikike ikwu okwu dị mkpa maka mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na mmụta, na igbu oge ma ọ bụ nsogbu ndị metụtara ịzụlite nkà ndị a nwere ike imetụta ọrụ ndị mmadụ.[2] Maka ọtụtụ ụmụaka na ndị nọ n'afọ iri na ụma, nke a nwere ike igosi dị ka nsogbu na agụmakwụkwọ.[3] Nsogbu ikwu okwu na-emetụta ihe dịka 11.5% nke ndị bi na US, na 5% nke ndị bi n'ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị.[4] Okwu bụ usoro dị mgbagwoju anya nke chọrọ oge ziri ezi, njikwa akwara na uru ahụ, n'ihi ya, ọ nwere ike ịda mbà. Onye nwere ọrịa strok, ihe mberede ma ọ bụ nkwarụ ọmụmụ nwere ike inwe nsogbu ikwu okwu na asụsụ.[5]

Nchịkọta[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ikewapụta okwu n'ime ihe dị mma na nke na-adịghị mma bụ nsogbu karịa ka o yiri na mbụ. Site na nkewa siri ike, naanị 5% ruo 10% nke ndị bi na ya nwere ụzọ dị mma nke ikwu okwu (n'ihe gbasara akụkụ niile) na olu dị mma; ndị ọzọ niile nwere otu nsogbu ma ọ bụ ọzọ.

Enwere ọkwa atọ dị iche iche nke nhazi mgbe ị na-achọpụta ịdị ukwuu na ụdị nsogbu okwu yana ọgwụgwọ ma ọ bụ ọgwụgwọ kwesịrị ekwesị:y:

    1. Ụda onye ọrịa nwere ike imepụta Igwe okwu - enwere ike imepụta ngwa ngwa; ejiri mee ihe n'ụzọ bara uru na nke bara uru .2 Igwe okwu - emepụtara naanị mgbe achọrọ ya; adịghị eji ya eme ihe mgbe nile, n'ụzọ pụtara ìhè, ma ọ bụ na-ewuli elu; ejighi ya na okwu ejikọrọ Na-akpali ụda Mkpali dị mfe Na-akpali akpali mgbe ngosipụta na nyocha (ya bụ iji ihe ndakpọ ire) Enweghị ike iwepụta ụda Enweghị ike ịmepụta n'afọ ofufo Enweghị mmepụta ọ bụla hụrụ

Udi Nsogbu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  • Apraxia nke okwu nwere ike ịpụta site na ọrịa strok ma ọ bụ ọrịa na-aga n'ihu, ma na-agụnye mmepụta ụda okwu na-agbanwe agbanwe na nhazi nke ụda n'otu okwu ("potato" nwere ike ịghọ "topato" na "totapo" ọzọ).[6] Mmepụta okwu na-esiwanye ike na mgbalị, mana enwere ike ikwu ahịrịokwu ndị a na-ahụkarị mgbe ụfọdụ n'enweghị mgbalị.
  • Cluttering, nsogbu ikwu okwu na fluency nke a na-ahụkarị site na ọnụ ọgụgụ okwu ngwa ngwa, nke na-eme ka okwu sie ike ịghọta.
  • Developmental verbal dyspraxia nke a makwaara dị ka apraxia nke okwu n'oge ọ bụ nwata.
  • Dysarthria bụ adịghị ike ma ọ bụ nkwarụ nke uru ahụ okwu nke mebiri emebi ma ọ bụ ụbụrụ kpatara. Ọrịa strok, ọrịa Parkinson, ALS, mmerụ ahụ n'isi ma ọ bụ n'olu, ihe mberede ịwa ahụ, ma ọ bụ ọrịa ụbụrụ na-akpata dysarthria.[7]
  • Aphasia
  • Dysprosody bụ nsogbu ikwu okwu na-adịghị ahụkebe. A na-akọwa ya site na mgbanwe na ike, na oge nke akụkụ okwu, na rhythm, cadence, na ụda nke okwu. Mgbanwe na oge, ugboro ole, na ike nke ụdaume tonic na atonic nke ahịrịokwu a na-ekwu, na-anapụ otu okwu nke onye ọ bụla njirimara ya. A na-ejikọkarị ihe kpatara dysprosody na ọrịa akwara dịka ihe mberede ụbụrụ, mmerụ ahụ nke cranioencephalic, na akpụ ụbụrụ.[8]
  • Ịdị ike bụ enweghị ike ikwu okwu kpamkpam.
  • Nsogbu ụda okwu na-agụnye ihe isi ike n'ịmepụta ụda okwu ụfọdụ (ọtụtụ mgbe ụfọdụ ụdaume, dị ka /s/ ma ọ bụ /r/), ma kewaa ya na nsogbu nkwekọrịta (nke a na-akpọkwa nsogbu ụda olu) na nsogbu ụda olu. A na-akọwa nsogbu articulation site na ihe isi ike ịmụta iji mepụta ụda n'ụzọ anụ ahụ. A na-eji ihe isi ike amụta ọdịiche dị iche iche nke asụsụ mara nsogbu ụda, nke mere na enwere ike iji otu ụda mee ihe n'ọnọdụ ọtụtụ. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụghị ihe a na-ahụkarị maka otu onye inwe nsogbu ụda okwu na ụda olu na ụdaume.
  • Ịsụ ngọngọ (AKA "Dysphemia") na-emetụta ihe dịka 1% nke ndị okenye.[9][1]
  • Nsogbu olu bụ nkwarụ, mgbe mgbe nke ahụ, nke na-emetụta ọrụ nke akpịrị ma ọ bụ ụda olu.

Ihe Ndị Na-akpata ya[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, a maghị ihe kpatara ya. Otú ọ dị, e nwere ihe dị iche iche a maara na-akpata nkwarụ ikwu okwu, dị ka ịnụ ihe, nsogbu akwara, mmerụ ahụ ụbụrụ, mmụba nke nrụgide uche, mmegbu mgbe niile, nkwarụ ọgụgụ isi, nsogbu iji ọgwụ eme ihe, nkwarụrụ anụ ahụ dị ka egbugbere ọnụ na ọnụ, na iji olu eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi. Mgbe ọrịa strok gasịrị, a maara na enwere oke apraxia nke okwu, nke bụ nsogbu na-emetụta ụzọ akwara metụtara okwu.[10] A na-atụkwa aro na ọrụ mmegharị ahụ na-adịghị mma nwere njikọ chiri anya na nsogbu ikwu okwu, ọkachasị n'ime ụmụaka.[11] A tụkwara aro ihe nketa, dịka ọtụtụ oge ụmụaka nke ndị nwere nsogbu ikwu okwu ga-azụlite ha. 20-40% ndị mmadụ nwere akụkọ ezinụlọ nke nkwarụ asụsụ pụrụ iche nwere ike ịchọpụta, ebe ọ bụ naanị 4% nke ndị mmadụ n'ozuzu ha nwere ike ịchụpụ ha.[12][13] E nwekwara nsogbu asụsụ ndị a maara na ha bụ mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, dị ka ataxia nketa, nke nwere ike ịkpata okwu dị nwayọ na nke na-edochaghị anya.[14]

Ogwugwo[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  Enwere ike ịgwọ ọtụtụ ụdị nsogbu ndị a site na ọgwụgwọ okwu, mana ndị ọzọ chọrọ nlekọta ahụike site na dọkịta na phoniatrics. Ọgwụgwọ ndị ọzọ gụnyere mgbazi nke ọnọdụ organic na psychotherapy.

Na United States, a na-etinyekarị ụmụaka ndị nwere nsogbu ikwu okwu na United States, a na-etinyekarị ụmụaka ndị nwere nsogbu ikwu okwu na mmemme mmụta pụrụ iche. Ụmụaka ndị na-agbasi mbọ ike ịmụta ikwu okwu na-enwekarị nsogbu nkwurịta okwu na-adịgide adịgide na mgbakwunye na mgba agụmakwụkwọ. Ihe karịrị ụmụ akwụkwọ 700,000 jere ozi na mmemme agụmakwụkwọ pụrụ iche nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na afọ 2000–2001 ka ekewapụtara dị ka ndị nwere nsogbu okwu ma ọ bụ asụsụ. Atụmatụ a anaghị agụnye ụmụaka ndị nwere nsogbu ikwu okwu na asụsụ nke abụọ na ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ dị ka ntị chiri" Ọtụtụ mpaghara ụlọ akwụkwọ na-enye ụmụ akwụkwọ ahụ ọgwụgwọ okwu n'oge awa akwụkwọ, n'agbanyeghị na ọrụ ụbọchị na oge okpomọkụ nwere ike bụrụ ihe kwesịrị ekwesị n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ. mmemme agụmakwụkwọ. Ụmụaka ndị na-agbasi mbọ ike ịmụta ikwu okwu na-enwekarị nsogbu nkwurịta okwu na-adịgide adịgide na mgbakwunye na mgba agụmakwụkwọ. nrụrụ asụsụ. Ntụle a agụnyeghị ụmụaka ndị nwere nsogbu ikwu okwu na asụsụ nke abụọ na ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ dị ka ntị chiri"[12]. Ọtụtụ mpaghara ụlọ akwụkwọ na-enye ụmụ akwụkwọ ahụ ọgwụgwọ okwu n'oge awa akwụkwọ, ọ bụ ezie na ogologo ụbọchị na ọrụ okpomọkụ nwere ike dabara adaba n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ.

A ga-agwọ ndị ọrịa n'ìgwè, dabere na ụdị nsogbu ha nwere. [nkọwa dị mkpa] Otu nwere ike ịgụnye ndị na-ahụ maka ọrịa asụsụ, ndị ọkachamara, ndị dọkịta ezinụlọ, ndị nkuzi, na ndị ezinụlọ.

Mmetụta mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Inwe nsogbu ikwu okwu nwere ike inwe mmetụta na-adịghị mma na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, ọkachasị n'etiti ụmụaka. Ndị nwere nsogbu ikwu okwu nwere ike ịbụ ndị a na-emegbu n'ihi nsogbu ha. Mmegbu a nwere ike ime ka obi ghara inwe ùgwù.[15] Okpukpe na ọdịbendị na-arụkwa ọrụ dị ukwuu na mmetụta mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke nsogbu ikwu okwu. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'ọtụtụ mba Afrịka dị ka Kenya, a na-ewere ọkpụkpụ ọkpụ dị ka ọ bụ ọbụbụ ọnụ sitere n'aka Chineke kpatara ya. Nke a nwere ike ime ka ndị nwere oghere ire ụtọ ghara ịnata nlekọta n'oge ha bụ nwata, ma kwụsị na ịjụ ọha mmadụ.[5] Maka ndị nwere nsogbu ikwu okwu, mmeghachi omume ndị na-ege ntị na-abụkarị ihe na-adịghị mma, nke nwere ike ịkpata mmetụta na-adịghị njọ na ùgwù onwe onye. E gosikwara na ndị okenye na-elekarị ndị mmadụ anya na-asụ asụ n'ụzọ na-adịghị mma karịa ndị na-enweghị ha.[16]

Nsogbu Asụsụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

A na-elekarị nsogbu asụsụ anya dị iche na nsogbu ikwu okwu, ọ bụ ezie na a na-ejikarị ha eme ihe n'otu aha.

Nsogbu ikwu okwu na-ezo aka na nsogbu n'ịmepụta ụda okwu ma ọ bụ na ogo olu, ebe nsogbu asụsụ na-abụkarị mmebi nke ma ọ bụ ịghọta okwu ma ọ bụrụ na ọ nweghị ike iji okwu mee ihe ma ọ bụghị ihe jikọrọ ya na mmepụta okwu.[17]

Hụkwa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

 

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kennison (2014). Introduction to language development. ISBN 978-1-4129-9606-8. OCLC 830837502. 
  2. ↑ Feldman (2006-04-26). "Evaluation and Management of Language and Speech Disorders in Preschool Children". Pediatrics in Review 26 (4): 131–142. DOI:10.1542/pir.26-4-131. PMID 15805236. Retrieved on 2022-10-06. 
  3. ↑ (2016-10-24) in Bakken: General and Special Education Inclusion in an Age of Change: Impact on Students with Disabilities, Advances in Special Education (in en). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. DOI:10.1108/s0270-4013201631. ISBN 978-1-78635-542-3. 
  4. ↑ Fox (2009-03-07). "Risk factors for speech disorders in children" (in en). International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders 37 (2): 117–131. DOI:10.1080/13682820110116776. ISSN 1368-2822. PMID 12012611. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Ndung'u (2009-11-05). "Cultural Perspectives in Language and Speech Disorders". Disability Studies Quarterly 29 (4). DOI:10.18061/dsq.v29i4.986. ISSN 2159-8371.  Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":02" defined multiple times with different content
  6. ↑ Apraxia of Speech (en). NIDCD (2015-08-18). Archived from the original on 2016-02-03. Retrieved on 2021-03-31.
  7. ↑ Dysarthria: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia (en). medlineplus.gov. Archived from the original on 2021-03-18. Retrieved on 2021-03-31.
  8. ↑ (March 2004) "Dysprosody nonassociated with neurological diseases--a case report". J Voice 18 (1): 90–6. DOI:10.1016/j.jvoice.2003.07.005. PMID 15070228. 
  9. ↑ Stuttering. medlineplus.gov. Archived from the original on 2021-03-18. Retrieved on 2021-03-31.
  10. ↑ Basilakos (2018-02-22). "Contemporary Approaches to the Management of Post-stroke Apraxia of Speech" (in en). Seminars in Speech and Language 39 (1): 025–036. DOI:10.1055/s-0037-1608853. ISSN 0734-0478. PMID 29359303. 
  11. ↑ Robinson (2008-11-12). "Causes and Associations of Severe and Persistent Specific Speech and Language Disorders in Children" (in en). Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 33 (11): 943–962. DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8749.1991.tb14811.x. PMID 1720749. 
  12. ↑ Kang (2011-09-22). "Genetics of Speech and Language Disorders" (in en). Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics 12 (1): 145–164. DOI:10.1146/annurev-genom-090810-183119. ISSN 1527-8204. PMID 21663442. 
  13. ↑ Choudhury (2003-04-21). "A Family Aggregation Study: The Influence of Family History and Other Risk Factors on Language Development" (in en). Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 46 (2): 261–272. DOI:10.1044/1092-4388(2003/021). ISSN 1092-4388. PMID 14700370. 
  14. ↑ Vogel (2014-10-28). "Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes" (in en). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (10): CD008953. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD008953.pub2. PMID 25348587. 
  15. ↑ Krueger (2019-02-26). "Eligibility and Speech Sound Disorders: Assessment of Social Impact". Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups 4 (1): 85–90. DOI:10.1044/2018_PERS-SIG1-2018-0016. 
  16. ↑ Williams (1996-01-01). "Effects of speech and language disorders on raters' perceptions" (in en). Journal of Communication Disorders 29 (1): 1–12. DOI:10.1016/0021-9924(94)00014-X. ISSN 0021-9924. PMID 8722526. 
  17. ↑ NICHCY's New Home. nichcy.org. Archived from the original on 2008-05-09. Retrieved on 2005-06-05.
Ewepụtara na https://ig.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nsogbu_ikwu_okwu&oldid=115130