Nzukọ Hot Springs
Nzukọ Hot Springs, nke a na-akpọkwa Nzukọ Nri na Ọrụ Ugbo[1]: 1654 ma bụrụ nke a maara dị ka Nzukọ Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu na Nri na Nri, e mere ya site na 18 Mee ruo 3 June 1943, na Hot Springs, Virginia, na United States.[2] Ọrụ ya bụ isi bụ ịmepụta Food and Agriculture Organization, nzukọ mbụ na-arụ ọrụ nke ihe ga-emesị bụrụ United Nations.: 152f.[3][4]
Akụkọ ihe mere eme[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Onye isi na-akpali ọganihu na nzukọ ahụ bụ Frank L. McDougall, onye ndụmọdụ akụ na ụba na Australian High Commission na onye na-arụ ọrụ ogologo oge maka okwu ugbo na nri na-edozi ahụ na League of Nations.: 153 Ejikọtara ya na ndị nnọchi anya Australia na Washington, McDougull jisiri ike bịakwute osote onye isi ala US Henry A. Wallace ma mesịa bụrụ onye isi ala na onye isi ala, Franklin na Eleanor Roosevelt, banyere uru nke echiche ya n'ihe gbasara okwu ugbo mgbe agha gasịrị.: 630[4][5]
Nzukọ ahụ meghere na 18 Mee 1943.: Mba 183 niile bụ ndị otu United Nations (nke United Nations guzobere site na nkwupụta nke United Nations, 1 Jenụwarị 1942), tinyere onye na-ekiri ihe si Denmark, bịara.: 162 Nzukọ ahụ setịpụrụ atụmatụ maka ihe ga-aghọ Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), nke emesịrị meghee na 16 Ọktoba 1945, wee nwee isi ụlọ ọrụ ya n'ọfịs nke International Institute for Agriculture (IIA) na Rome, Ịtali.: 153f.[6][2][4]
A kpọghị ndị otu ike Axis; akwụkwọ akụkọ steeti Nazi Germany, <i id="mwNQ">Völkischer Beobachter</i>, kọrọ na 21 Mee 1943, na Nzukọ Hot Springs bụ atụmatụ ndị Allied iji tinye nri zuru ụwa ọnụ n'okpuru nchịkwa nke nnukwu steeti ndị Allied, na-eme ka Nzukọ Hot Spring, n'okwu ndị Nazi, bụrụ mgbalị "ịkwado ọchịchị aka ike nke ndị Juu Wall Street n'ụwa niile". Völkischer Beobachter kwughachiri mwakpo ya (nke a na-ejikọta ya na okwu mmegide ndị Juu) na Nzukọ Hot Springs n'ọtụtụ isiokwu na June 1943.[7]
Nzukọ Hot Springs na-eguzo n'ọnọdụ ka ukwuu nke nzukọ Allied na United Nations banyere nguzobe nke akụrụngwa mgbe agha gasịrị; e nwere nzukọ ndị ọzọ dị otú ahụ na Geneva na 1947 iji guzobe General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) na Havana na 1948 iji guzopụta Havana Charter.: 34 Nzukọ Hot Spring lekwasịrị anya na nkwadebe enyemaka mgbe agha gasịrị gosipụtara na nkwadebe, malite na 1943, maka nguzobe United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA: 154).[8][4]
Ihe odide[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- ↑ Hull (1948). Memoirs of Cordell Hull, Volume 2. Hodder & Stoughton. ISBN 9781404748118.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Evang (September 1944). "The United Nations Conference on Food and Agriculture, Hot Springs, Virginia, 18th May–3rd June, 1943". Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 2 (3–4): 163–176. DOI:10.1079/PNS19440010. Evang, K. (September 1944). "The United Nations Conference on Food and Agriculture, Hot Springs, Virginia, 18th May–3rd June, 1943". Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. 2 (3–4): 163–176. doi:10.1079/PNS19440010. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Foot (1980). "CONFERENCES, ALLIED", in Baudot: The Historical Encyclopedia of World War II. Facts on File, 119–120. ISBN 9781349052547.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Clavin (2015). "International Organizations", in Bosworth: Politics and Ideology, Cambridge History of the Second World War. Cambridge University Press, 139–161. ISBN 9781107034075. Clavin, Patricia (2015). "International Organizations". In Bosworth, Richard J. B.; Maiolo, Joseph A. (eds.). Politics and Ideology. Cambridge History of the Second World War. Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press. pp. 139–161. ISBN 9781107034075. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":1" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Ekbladh (2021). "Worlds of International Development", in Blower: 1900–1945, Cambridge History of America and the World. Cambridge University Press, 617–638. ISBN 9781108419260.
- ↑ (1990) in Royal Institute of International Affairs: Chronology and Index of the Second World War, 1938–1945. Meckler. ISBN 088736568X.
- ↑ Herf (2006). The Jewish Enemy: Nazi Propaganda during World War II and the Holocaust. Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674027381.
- ↑ Ogle (2021). "Global Capitalist Infrastructure and US Power", 1945 to the Present, Cambridge History of America and the World. Cambridge University Press, 31–54. ISBN 9781108419277.
Hot Springs ConferenceAkwụkwọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Evang (September 1944). "The United Nations Conference on Food and Agriculture, Hot Springs, Virginia, 18th May–3rd June, 1943". Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 2 (3–4): 163–176. DOI:10.1079/PNS19440010.