Ogbugbu nke Dora Bloch

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Dora Bloch
Headshot of Dora Bloch
Dora Bloch (1971)
Born
Dora Feinberg

1902
Jaffa, Ottoman Empire
Died1976
Kampala, Second Republic of Uganda
Burial placeHar HaMenuchot
NationalityBritish-Israeli
Other namesDevorah Bloch
Known forKilled on order of Idi Amin after Operation Entebbe
Spouse(s)Aharon Bloch
Children3

Dora Bloch (Hibru דורה בלוך), née Feinberg, nwa amaala Israel-British abụọ, bụ onye e jidere na Air France Flight 139 site na Tel Aviv gaa Paris. E weghaara ụgbọelu ahụ na 27 June 1976 mgbe ọ kwụsịrị na Atens ma gbanwee ụzọ ya gaa Entebbe, Uganda. Bloch dara ọrịa n'ụgbọelu wee kpọga ya n'ụlọ ọgwụ dị na Kampala, isi obodo Uganda. A napụghị ya na ndị ọzọ e jidere n'oge Operation Entebbe, ọ gbahapụrụ ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ. Mfu ya mere ka Britain kwụsị mmekọrịta mmekọrịta ya na Uganda. A chọtara ozu ya na 1979 n'ugbo shuga dị nso n'isi obodo. N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2007, akwụkwọ ndị Britain e wepụtara gosipụtara na e gburu ya n'iwu nke onye isi ala Uganda bụ Idi Amin.

[1][2] mụrụ Dora Feinberg na Jaffa, mgbe ahụ akụkụ nke Alaeze Ukwu Ottoman ma mesịa bụrụ akụkụ nke Israel. Nna [3], Joseph Feinberg , so na ndị guzobere obodo Rishon LeZion [2] [2] ya na nwanne ya nwoke, nwanne nna Dora, Israel Feinberg. Mgbe nna ya nwụsịrị, ọ bụ nwanne nna ya zụlitere ya n'Ijipt. [4] kwagara Jerusalem mgbe o toro. [2] na-asụ Hibru, Arabic, Russian, German, Italian, na Bekee. [1]'afọ 1920, ọ zutere Aharon Bloch (Hibru) mgbe ọ na-eje ozi na Ndị agha Britain na Palestine. [4] abụọ lụrụ na 1925. [1] [1] [4] ka Aharon Bloch bụ nwa amaala United Kingdom, nke a nyere Dora nwa amaala Britain. [1] [1] Ha nwere ụmụ nwoke atọ.[2] [5]'afọ 1976, ọ bụ nne nne na nwanyị di ya nwụrụ bi na Tel Aviv.

Hartuv with a glass in hand.
Ilan Hartuv, nwa Dora Bloch onye ya na ya na-eme njem.

Na 27 June 1976, Bloch, onye dị afọ 74[5][6] ma ọ bụ 75,[7] nọ na Air France Flight 139, ụgbọ elu Airbus A300, na-aga New York City maka agbamakwụkwọ nwa ya nwoke nke nta Daniel. [1][8] Ndị [6]-eyi ọha egwu weghaara ụgbọelu ahụ mgbe ọ kwụsịrị n'Atens ma weghachite ya na Entebbe, Uganda. [1] [2]'ịmụ asụsụ nke ọma, Bloch jere ozi dị ka onye ntụgharị n'etiti ndị e jidere na ndị ohi. [1] [2]

Bloch dara ọrịa [9]'ụgbọelu ahụ wee kpọga ya n'Ụlọ Ọgwụ Mulago dị na Kampala. [10][11] kwenyere na ọ na-eri nri, akwụkwọ ndị mba ọzọ na nke Commonwealth Office na-ekwu na a na-agwọkwa ya maka Ọnyá ụkwụ mgbe ọ nọ n'ụlọ ọgwụ. Nwa Bloch [5] Ilan Hartuv, onye a tọhapụrụ n'oge Operation Entebbe na-alụso ndị na-eyi ọha egwu ọgụ, [9] nwere ike ịgwa dọkịta Uganda okwu banyere ahụike nne ya. [12]Henry Kyemba, Minista ahụike nke Uganda n'oge ahụ, kwuru na o kwere ka Bloch nọrọ n'ụlọ ọgwụ maka otu abalị ọzọ tupu e weghachite ya na ndị ọzọ e jidere. [4]'ihi nke a, Bloch esoghị ndị ọzọ e jidere, ya mere a tọhapụghị ya n'oge mwakpo Operation Entebbe.

N'oge Operation Entebbe, a kpọgara ezinụlọ Bloch na Israel n'ụlọ ndị agha HaKirya na Tel Aviv, tupu ha agaa n'ọdụ ụgbọ elu. Ozugbo [13] nọ n'ọdụ ụgbọ elu, a gwara ha na Bloch ka nọ na Uganda. [13] nọrọ otu awa na-eme emume iru uju ọdịnala (Shiva), mana ọ bụghịzi n'ihi na e kwenyesiri ike na ọ nw



.[14],[11][14].[4][15].[4].[14].[4][14].[4][5]d.[5][11][10][12]N'ihi na ihe ọ bụla, ọ gharaghị ọnọdụ na Ọchịchị Britain na-agaghịrị iji kwụsịọ Bloch iko nke ndị mmadụ nwere gaa na Operation Entebbe. N'ihi na izi, ọ gharaghịwa na James Hennessy, na nwunye ya, nke Na-ahịa Ọzọọcha Nkporo Ọkọwa ahụ na Uganda, na Peter Chandley, nke Na-ekwupụta nke Na-ahịa Ọzọọcha Nkporo Britain na Kampala. Bloch kwụsịrị aka na Chandley na-ekwupụta na ọ nwere ike nke ya na ụlọ ụlọ, mana ọ bụrụ na ọ chọrọ chakara. Ha na-eme ka ha kwụsịrị aka na ọ gha-agaghị Bloch iji nwatakịrịrị na Grand Imperial Hotel na Kampala. Chandley na nwunye ya na-eme ka ha gbalaga ihe nkwenye maka Bloch, mana n'ihi ihe ha kụrụ, ha gharịrịọrị iji kwado ọnụ ọlụ n'ụlọ ụlọ. A n'ụzọ na ha nwatakịrị, ha hụrụrị iji kwado n'ụlọ ụlọ.

Bloch's coffin with mourners
Ndị ezinụlọ nọ n'ili Dora Bloch.

[14] nke ndị uwe ojii Uganda ahụghị Bloch, gọọmentị Uganda gwakwara UK na ha "enweghị ọrụ" maka Bloch mgbe Operation Entebbe gasịrị. Na mbido Julaị, otu onye njem Ugandan kọrọ na ọ hụrụ ozu, kwenyere na ọ bụ Bloch, n'akụkụ otu ndị agha Ugandan, [7] [15] ihe dị ka kilomita 18 (11 mi) site na Kampala. N'abalị itoolu n'ọnwa Julaị, ndị United Nations rụrịtara ụka banyere ihe mere na Entebbe. United Kingdom tụrụ aro mkpebi nke katọrọ [4] ntọrọ ahụ ma ọnwụ nke ndụ, ka ọ ghara itinye ndụ ndị Briten nọ na Uganda n'ihe ize ndụ, gụnyere Bloch. [16][15][4]'oge arụmụka ahụ, gọọmentị Uganda kwughachiri ihe ha kwuru na e weghachiri Bloch n'ọdụ ụgbọ elu Entebbe. [1] [2]

[7][5]'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Julaị, Minista nke Mba Ọzọ na Ọfịs Commonwealth Ted Rowlands kwuru na a na-eche na Bloch anwụọla. [17]'abalị iri na ise n'ọnwa Julaị, Gọọmentị Briten chọrọ ka a chọọ "Bloch ma ọ bụ ahụ ya", arịrịọ nke na-emezughị. Ihe kpatara igbu [11] bụ ịbọ ọbọ maka ọnwụ nke ndị agha Uganda 50 n'oge Operation Entebbe . [1] Amin mechara chụpụ Chandley [15] High Commission, na-ebo ebubo na ọ na-akwado ndị Israel ma kwado ọnwụ nke ndị agha Uganda.

N'ihi ọpụpụ Bloch, Britain wepụrụ Kọmishọna Ukwu ha na Uganda, [11] na 28 Julaị, Britain wepụkwara mmekọrịta mmekọrịta niile ya na Uganda. [5] [18] [18][5] bụ oge mbụ n'ime afọ 30 na Britain kewara njikọ ya na mba Commonwealth. Gọọmentị Britain kwuru [19] isi ihe kpatara nkwekọrịta bụ mwepụ nke Bloch, ọ bụ ezie na ihe omume ndị ọzọ n'oge idu ndú Amin nyekwara aka. Na mmegwara, Amin kwupụtara onwe ya "Onye mmeri nke Alaeze Ukwu Britain (CBE) ", na Eze Scotland na-abụghị nke gọọmentị. [20][19] gbakwunyere "Onye mmeri nke Alaeze Ukwu Britain" na ndepụta ya nke utu aha gọọmentị. [1] [2] Mgbe ọdịda Amin gasịrị [21] 1979, Britain maliteghachiri mmekọrịta mmekọrịta na Uganda. [1]

[5]'afọ 1987, Kyemba kwuru na ndị agha Uganda na-eguzosi ike n'ihe nye Amin dọpụrụ Bloch n'àkwà ụlọ ọgwụ ya ma gbuo ya. Akwụkwọ ndị Britain e wepụtara na Febụwarị 2007 kwadoro na e gburu Bloch na iwu Amin. Dị ka akwụkwọ ndị ahụ si kwuo, otu nwa amaala Uganda gwara onye isi kọmishọna Britain nọ na Kampala na a gbagburu Bloch ma tinye ozu ya n'ime buutu ụgbọ ala nwere nọmba ndị ọrụ nzuzo nke Uganda. [11] ndị ahụ gosikwara [6] Britain nọgidere na-agbanye Amin maka ozi gbasara ebe Bloch nọ, nakwa na Amin nọgidere na'agọnahụ ihe ọmụma banyere ọdịnihu ya.

View from Har Hamenucho, with trees and hills.
Har Hamenuchot, ebe e liri Dora Bloch.

[4] Agha Uganda-Tanzania gasịrị, [16] ndị agha Tanzania chọpụtara ozu Bloch na 1979 n'Ubi shuga dị ihe dị ka kilomita 30 (20 mi) site na Kampala, [5] [8] nso Jinja Road. Ịm[11] ihe a[6] agaghị ekwe omume n'ihi na ihu ya gbara ọkụ nke ukwuu, mana ozu ahụ gosipụtara ihe ịrịba ama nke ọnyá ụkwụ. [1] [2] Otu onye [13]-ahụ maka ọrịa na-arụ ọrụ na Ndị agha Israel Defence Forces gosipụtara Bloch site na ozu. [22] weghachiri ozu ya n'aka nwa ya nwoke n'Izrel, [1] ebe e nyere ya olili ozu nke mba Israel. [5] [8] [4] [23] liri ya na Har HaMenuchot Cemetery nke Jerusalem.

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 "Family, Friends Describe Dora Bloch", Sarasota Herald-Tribune, 14 July 1976. Retrieved on 11 February 2019.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 "Hostage 'Auntie' Bloch Loved Kids", Chicago Tribune, 15 July 1976, p. 2. Retrieved on 5 March 2017.
  3. ↑ History of Rishon LeZion. Rishon LeZion Municipality. Archived from the original on 20 March 2017. Retrieved on 5 March 2017.
  4. ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 David (2015). Operation Thunderbolt: Flight 139 and the Raid on Entebbe Airport, the Most Audacious Hostage Rescue Mission in History. Hachette. ISBN 978-1444762525. 
  5. ↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 "1976: British grandmother missing in Uganda", BBC News. Retrieved on 5 March 2017.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Arava (13 February 2007). כך הורה אידי אמין לרצוח את דורה בלוך (Hebrew). Maariv. Archived from the original on 14 May 2017. Retrieved on 5 March 2017.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 "Mrs. Bloch is Dead, to the Best Knowledge of British Government", Jewish Telegraphic Agency, 14 July 1976. Retrieved on 11 February 2019.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 "Leaders of Israel Attend Funeral of Dora Bloch, Victim of Idi Amin", The New York Times, 6 June 1979. Retrieved on 5 March 2017.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Kalinaki. "Entebbe raid humiliated Amin, nearly caused East African war", Daily Nation, 3 July 2016. Retrieved on 3 February 2019.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Cruel murder of Dora Bloch. South African History Online. Archived from the original on 5 March 2017. Retrieved on 5 March 2017.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 Verkaik. "Revealed: the fate of Idi Amin's hijack victim", The Independent. Retrieved on 5 March 2017.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 "The Killing of Dora Bloch", Chicago Tribune, 19 June 1977. Retrieved on 5 March 2017.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 Ahren. "At Entebbe, with the relatives of two who never made it back home", The Times of Israel, 4 July 2016. Retrieved on 6 March 2019.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 Uganda (Mrs. Dora Bloch). House of Commons (7 July 1976). Archived from the original on 7 March 2019. Retrieved on 6 March 2019.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 "Body of Mrs. Bloch Said to Have Been Seen in a Forest in Uganda", The New York Times, 14 July 1976. Retrieved on 2 February 2019.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 "Fallout over raid on Entebbe", The EastAfrican, 6 July 2009. Retrieved on 2 February 2019.
  17. ↑ Uganda (Mrs. Dora Bloch). House of Commons (13 January 1977). Archived from the original on 7 March 2019. Retrieved on 6 March 2019.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Theakston (August 2004). British Foreign Secretaries Since 1974. Routledge. ISBN 9781135766382. 
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Makubuya (January 2019). Protection, Patronage, or Plunder? British Machinations and (B)uganda's Struggle for Independence. Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 358–359. ISBN 9781527525962. 
  20. ↑ Appiah (1999). Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience. ISBN 9780465000715. 
  21. ↑ Foreign and Commonwealth Office: High Commission, Uganda: Registered Files. The National Archives. Archived from the original on 22 January 2019. Retrieved on 11 February 2019.
  22. ↑ "Dora Bloch's Remains to Be Buried", Jewish Telegraphic Agency, 5 June 1979. Retrieved on 5 March 2017.
  23. ↑ "The New York Times", The New York Times, 4 June 1979. Retrieved on 7 October 2019.
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