PEPPADEP
| mba/obodo | Haiti  |
|---|---|
| oge obidoro | 1981 |
| oge ngwụcha | 1983 |
Atụmatụ a kpọrọ Program to Eradicate African Swine Fever and to Develop Pig Raising (French: Programme pour l'éradication de la peste porcine africaine et pour le développement de l'élevage porcin, PEPPADEP) bụ ọrụ mmepe nke mere na Haiti n'afọ ndị 1980. Ọ malitere na 1981 site na Food and Agriculture Organization nke United Nations; Instituto Interamericano de Ciencias Agrícolas (IICA), alaka nke Organization of American States; International Development Bank; gọọmentị Mexico, Canada, United States; na gọọmentị Haiti iji "wepụ mmetụta na-emebi emebi nke African swine fever (ASF) na Haiti ma malite mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ ezì na-amị.[1]
Ọrịa ezì nke Afrịka bụ ọrịa na-efe efe na nke na-egbu egbu nke ezì, nke na-ebibi ọnụ ọgụgụ ezì n'ihi na ọ dịghị ọgwụ mgbochi ma ọ bụ ọgwụgwọ. Mgbe ASF pụtara na mbụ na Dominican Republic, gọọmentị Haiti nyere iwu ka e kpochapụ ezì Haiti niile dị n'ókèala n'ime radius nke kilomita 15. E gburu ezì 100,000. Ndị ọrụ ugbo enwetaghị ụgwọ maka mfu ha tara ahụhụ na usoro mgbochi ahụ emeghị ka ọrịa ahụ ghara ịgbasa. Na ngwụcha afọ 1978, ASF gbasara na Haiti. Ndị agbata obi dị n'ebe ugwu Haiti ji egwu na-ele mgbasa ahụ. Nnyocha gosiri na ọ bụrụ na ọrịa ezì Africa abịa na United States ọ nwere ike imebi $ 150 nde ruo $ 5 ijeri. Egwu a mere ka gọọmentị America, Canada, na Mexico, site na IICA, tinye atụmatụ mkpochapụ nke Swine Fever na gọọmentị Haiti. Atụmatụ a, PEPPADEP, dị mfe: gbuo ezì niile dị na Haiti ma weghachite ezì ndị si mba ọzọ - ma ọ bụ site na United States, Canada, ma ọ bụ Mexico.[1]
ASF bụ ọrịa nje na-efe efe nke na-emetụta ezì ụlọ, warthogs na ezì ọhịa, yana akọrọ dị nro. Nje a na-akpata ọrịa na-egbu egbu n'ime ezì ụlọ; ụfọdụ ụdị nwere ike ịkpata ọnwụ nke ụmụ anụmanụ n'ime obere izu mgbe ọ butere ọrịa. E dekọrọ ọrịa ahụ na Kenya na 1921 ma chọta ya n'ọtụtụ mba ndị dị na mpaghara Sahara nke Africa. Ọ gbasara na ndịda Europe na 1957 na Caribbean na 1970s.[2] ASF si Europe ma ọ bụ Africa gaa Dominican Republic, ma gbasaa na Haiti.
Mgbalị mkpochapụ a fọrọ nke nta ka ọ zuo oke mgbe a chọpụtara na ọnụ ọgụgụ ezì na-efe efe dị n'ime ime obodo. Ndị South-East Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study (SCWDS) rụkọrọ ọrụ na USDA iji chọpụta na ikpochapụ ọnụ ọgụgụ ezì feral bụ ndị bu nje ASF na Haiti. Achọpụtara ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ na otu ndị nọ n'ebe ugwu Gonaives nwalere ihe dị mma maka nje a. SCWDS depụtara iji nkịta ịchụ nta ndị America na Haiti belata ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ. Onye na-ahụ maka ihe ndị na-ahụ maka anụ ọhịa na onye na-achụ anụ anụ ọhịa Mark W. Hall na-edu mgbalị maka SCWDS ya na onye na-ahụ maka anụ ọhịa Matthew Knox. E wepụrụ ọtụtụ ezì na-efe efe na mpaghara Jacmel, Gonaives, Petit-Trou-de-Nippes, na Cap-Haitien. Ụlọ Nzukọ na Knox tụlere otu anụ nwụrụ anwụ nke a maara dị ka "Voodoo Hog" nke otu ndị Haiti ji egbe ji mma gbuo n'ubi okpete n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ Cap-Haitien, na ọkà mmụta ihe ndị dị ndụ bụ Peter K. Swiderek kpuchiri nchọpụta ọrịa ezì feral maka SCWDS. .
Onye isi ala Jean-Claude Duvalier kwupụtara na e kpochapụrụ ọrịa ahụ na mba ahụ na Eprel 28, 1982, ma mechie mmemme PEPPADEP n'afọ sochirinụ. Ihe dị ka ezì 384,000 mechara bụrụ ndị e gburu na ọnụ ahịa nke ihe dị ka $ 9.5 nde.[3]
Edensibia
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Ebert (1985). Porkbarreling Pigs in Haiti: North American ‘Swine Aid’ an Economic Disaster for Haitian Peasants. Multinational Monitor. Archived from the original on 2006-10-03.Ebert, Allan (1985). "Porkbarreling Pigs in Haiti: North American 'Swine Aid' an Economic Disaster for Haitian Peasants". Multinational Monitor. Washington, DC. ISSN 0197-4637. Archived from the original on 2006-10-03.
- ↑ Disease factsheet: African Swine Fever. Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (2007-01-30). Archived from the original on 2009-07-03. Retrieved on 2009-06-30.
- ↑ ASF in the Americas is no science fiction at all (en-GB). PigProgress (2020-01-17). Retrieved on 2021-08-30.