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Pedro Bell

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Pedro Bell
mmádu
ụdịekerenwoke Dezie
mba o sịNjikota Obodo Amerika Dezie
aha enyerePedro Dezie
aha ezinụlọ yaBell Dezie
ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya1950 Dezie
Ebe ọmụmụChicago Dezie
Ụbọchị ọnwụ yaỌgọọst 2019 Dezie
Ebe ọ nwụrụEvergreen Park Dezie
ọrụ ọ na-arụillustrator, odee akwụkwọ Dezie
ebe agụmakwụkwọBradley University, Roosevelt University Dezie
Ebe obibiChicago Dezie
oge ọrụ ya (mmalite)1973 Dezie
ikike nwebiisinka dị ka onye okikeỌrụ nwebiisinka chekwara Dezie
Pedro Bell
Born(1950-06-11) 11 Juunu 1950
Chicago, Illinois U.S.
Died27 Ọgọstụ 2019(2019-08-27) (aged 69)
Evergreen Park, Illinois, U.S.
Other namesSir Lleb
Captain Draw
Occupation
  • Artist
  • illustrator
  • writer
Years active1973–1995

Pedro Bell (June 11, 1950 - August 27, 2019) bụ onye America na-ese ihe na onye na-ese onyinyo, nke a maara nke ọma maka atụmatụ mkpuchi abọm ya na ọrụ nka ndị ọzọ maka ọtụtụ Funkadelic na George Clinton solo albums. Bell dekwara ọtụtụ ihe edeturu n'okpuru aha Sir Lleb (aha nna ya sụgharịrị azụ). [1]: 22 Ihe edeturu n'ime ya nyere aka na akụkọ ifo P-Funk [2]:: 238  - ihe atụ nke onyinye ya gụnyere "Thumpasaurus", "Funkapus", "Queen Freakalene", "Bop Gun", na "Zone of Zero Funkativity".[3] Sun Ra bu ụzọ rụọ ọrụ Bell ma bụrụkwa onye na-ebute ụzọ na akwụkwọ akụkọ eserese nke oge a na Afro-punk movement.[4][5]

Oge ọ malitere

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A mụrụ Bell na June 11, 1950, a mụrụ ya ma zụlite ya na Chicago, Illinois . [6][7] Ezinụlọ ya ji okpukpe kpọrọ ihe.[8] Bell nwere ụmụnne ndị okenye.[9]

Ọ na-arịa ọrịa mgbe ọ bụ nwatakịrị, Bell na-agụ akwụkwọ na ihe ọchị, ọkachasị Ace Comics.[10]: 20 Bell kwuru na ọ nwetara nkà nka ya site n'aka nna ya, onye ọ kọwara dị ka onye na-ese ihe nwere nkụda mmụọ; na nne ya, onye dere ma kpọọ piano.[7]

Bell gara Mahadum Bradley na Peoria, Illinois, ebe o kwuru na ọ kpughere Black Power ma zute onye na-eme ihe ike Mark Clark. Bell nyere onyinye ihe osise na Black Panther Party ma sonye na ngagharị iwe, nke mere ka a chụpụ ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ.[11]

Bell gakwara Mahadum Roosevelt dị na Chicago, ebe ọ gara nkuzi nka ma soro Don Baum mụọ ihe.[10]: 20 [12]: 21 

Ọrụ

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Funkadelic

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N'etiti ngwụcha afọ 1969 na mmalite afọ 1970, Bell nụrụ Funkadelic na ụlọ ọrụ redio Chicago WXFM maka oge mbụ.[1]: 22 Ọ malitere ide akwụkwọ ozi ndị nwere ihe osise nye òtù ahụ wee kpọtụrụ onye njikwa ha, Rod Scribner, iji zigara ya ihe osise na akwụkwọ akụkọ kọleji. Bell gbakwunyere ma zipụ ihe ọ kpọrọ "envelopu psychedelic", mana ebe ọ bụ na onye ndú Funkadelic George Clinton nọ n'okpuru nyocha n'oge ahụ site na RCMP maka itinye aka na Process Church of the Final Judgment, a chọpụtakwara envelopu ndị ahụ.[13]: 23 

E goro Bell ka ọ mepụta ihe osise maka òtù ahụ, malite na ihe ngosi mpaghara, ihe nkwalite, na ihe mgbasa ozi. [14] Ọ gara n'ihu na-ese ihe na album, ebe o wuru akụkọ ifo nke gụnyere slang, aha njirimara, na echiche ụwa ndị ọzọ nke mesịrị ghọọ akụkụ nke ihe osise na ihe ederede nke ndekọ Funkadelic.[1]: 22 Bell na-enwekarị aha njirimara, nke ọ kpọrọ "tags", maka ndị mmadụ.[15] A na-akọwa ihe osise nke mkpuchi abọm ahụ n'okpuru aha Bell, mana ihe edeturu n'ime ya kwuru na ọ bụ Sir Lleb rụrụ ọrụ ya.[1] Bell rụrụ ọrụ iji gosipụta ọnọdụ egwu ya na ihe ngosi ya n'ọrụ ya, nke o ji akara na pensụl felt-tipped n'ihi na anwụrụ ọkụ nke ihe osise o ji mee ihe na-egbu egbu, ọ na-ejikarị acrylic achọpụta akara ndị ahụ n'ihi nsogbu na nkewa nke agba site na usoro obibi akwụkwọ.[16][17] Ọrụ ndị a rụchara arụcha na-abụkarị okpukpu 300 nke mkpuchi ndekọ n'ezie maka ogo obibi akwụkwọ dị elu.[18]: 24 Ọ bụ ezie na ọ gara kọleji, Bell weere onwe ya dị ka onye na-akụziri onwe ya. Bell kwuru na o mepụtara ihe ndị mbụ na ogwe ụkwụ atọ, ọ na-enwekarị naanị aha ndekọ, ọ gaghị anụ egwu ahụ tupu o mepụta ihe osise nke abọm ahụ.[1][14]

Dị ka akụkọ ndụ ya si kwuo site na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ George Clinton, "ihe odide na-emetụta nje nke Bell dere egwuregwu ahụ dum. Ọ kọwapụtara P-Funk n'onwe ya dị ka ndị dike sayensị na-alụ ọgụ na nsogbu nke obi, ọha mmadụ, na cosmos... Dị ka okwu Clinton, okwu nzuzu Pedro Bell mepụtara akụkọ ifo nke òtù ahụ ma jikọta ndị na-ege ntị ọnụ. [19] Otú ọ dị, a na-akwụkarị obere ụgwọ maka ọrụ ya, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị site na akara ndekọ, ma ọ bụ ụgwọ ihu.[17][20]: 25 Ya mere, ọ na-arụ ọrụ mgbe niile, gụnyere ịrụ ọrụ na ụlọ akụ na mgbe ahụ n'ọfịs post, mana ọ nọgidere na-ejikọta ya na ezinụlọ P-Funk site n'iyakarị wig na uwe ndị na-akpali akpali.[2][4] Bell sokwa Clinton rụkọọ ọrụ na ihe osise mkpuchi abọm maka mbipụta solo nke Clinton n'afọ 1980, mana mmekọrịta ha bịara sie ike mgbe Clinton malitere iso Prince rụkọọ ihe. [21][22]

Ọrụ ndị ọzọ

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Bell nwere ụlọ ọrụ nke ya nke ọ kpọrọ Splankwerks, [23] na 1988, o mepụtara ihe nkiri maka MTV nke a na-akpọ Larry Lazer. [24] Na mgbakwunye na ịrụ ọrụ na akwụkwọ ndị na-atọ ọchị (gụnyere nchịkọta akpọrọ Artusi Tribe) na edemede, Bell malitere otu egwu a na-akpọ Tripzilla.[25][26] N'afọ 1997, o bipụtara zine akpọrọ ZEEP Magazine. [7][27] Dị ka Bell si kwuo, okwu ahụ bụ P-Funk slang maka "dị omimi karịa omimi".[1]: 22 

Nnyocha

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Warner Brothers Music nyochara ọrụ nka mbụ nke Bell maka album Funkadelic nke 1981 The Electric Spanking of War Babies . [22][28] A na-ewere ya dị ka ihe na-ekwesịghị ekwesị n'ihi mkpuchi ya nke gosipụtara ụgbọ elu ihu na ihu nke bu nwanyị gba ọtọ, edezigharịrị ọrụ ahụ, n'agbanyeghị eziokwu ahụ bụ na Funkadelic "na-agbaso ndekọ nde abụọ na-ere ahịa," mgbe ọ bịanyere aka na Warner Bros.[3] :: 249  Bell dezigharịrị The Electric Spanking of War Babies ka e wee gosipụta onyinyo ahụ na ihe osise na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na-ekpuchi ọtụtụ n'ime ihe osise mkpuchi, nke na-ekwu, "Oh Look! The Cover that 'Ha' were TOO-SCARED to print!"

Mmetụta

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Bell kwuru na n'etiti mmetụta nka ya bụ onye na-ese ihe Ed Roth, ọkachasị otu o si etinye ụgbọala n'ime ọrụ nka ya, na ọrụ nke onye na-eme ihe nkiri Robert Williams na mgbasa ozi nke pụtara na magazin Hot Rod.[7] O kwukwara na Frank Zappa, Harlan Ellison, Hunter S. Thompson, Iceberg Slim na Tom Wolfe nwere mmetụta.[14][29]: 26 

Ka ọ na-etolite, Bell gụrụ Bible ma akwụkwọ Jenesis na Mkpughe nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu n'ebe ọ nọ. Nke a mere ka o nwee mmasị na akụkọ sayensị, ígwè ọrụ, teknụzụ ụgbọala, na nka surrealistic nke Salvador Dalí.[30] Bell gụrụ nke ọma banyere dinosaur na Godzilla, ma mụọkwa Latịn.[9]

Ndụ onwe onye

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N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1996, a mara Bell kpuru ìsì n'ụzọ iwu.[7] Ọ lụsoro nsogbu ahụike na ịda ogbenye ọgụ maka ọtụtụ n'ime ndụ ya.[2] Na Jenụwarị 2010, Black Rock Coalition mere nchịkọta ego akpọrọ "Miracle for a Maggot: Funkraiser for P-Funk Graphic Artist Pedro Bell" iji nyere Bell aka.[31]

N'abalị iri abụọ na asaa n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2019, Bell nwụrụ na Evergreen Park, Illinois mgbe ọ dị afọ iri isii na itoolu. [6] [32][33] O nwere nwa nwoke.[7]

Ihe osise nke album

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  • 1973: Funkadelic, Cosmic Slop (Westbound Records)
  • 1974: Funkadelic, Standing on the Verge of Getting It On (Westbound Records)
  • 1975: Funkadelic, Ka anyị were ya gaa n'ihu (Westbound Records / 20th Century Records)
  • 1976: Funkadelic, Hardcore Jollies (Warner Bros. Records)
  • 1976: Funkadelic, Tales of Kidd Funkadelic (Westbound Records)
  • 1978: Funkadelic, One Nation Under a Groove (Warner Bros. Records)
  • 1979: Funkadelic, Uncle Jam Wants You (Warner Bros. Records)
  • 1981: Funkadelic, The Electric Spanking of War Babies (Warner Bros. Records)
  • 1982: George Clinton, Computer Games (Capitol Records)
  • 1982: George Clinton, Atomic Dog' ' (12 inch) (Capitol Records)
  • 1983: George Clinton, You Shouldn't-Nuf Bit Fish (Capitol Records)
  • 1985: George Clinton, Ụfọdụ n'ime My Best Jokes Are Friends (Capitol Records)
  • 1985: Jimmy G And The Tackhead, Federation of Tackheads (Capitol Records)
  • 1986: George Clinton, R&B Skeletons in the Closet (Capitol Records)
  • 1988: INCorporated Thang Band, Lifestyles of the Roach and Famous (Warner Bros. Records)
  • 1989: Ndị omenkà dị iche iche, George Clinton Presents Our Gang Funky (MCA Records) [22]
  • 1991: Maggotron, Maggotron: Bass Man of the Acropolis (Pandisc) [34]
  • 1994: George Clinton, Dope Dogs (P-Vine) [2][34]
  • 1995: Axiom Funk, Funkcronomicon (Axiom)
  • 1996: George Clinton na The P-Funk Allstars, T.A.P.O.A.F.O.M. (The Awesome Power of a Fully Operational Mothership) (Sony 550) [2][34]
  • 1996: George Clinton, Greatest Funkin' Hits (Capitol Records) [2][34]
  • 1998: Ndị iro Squad, United State of Mind (Tufamerica Records) [2][34]
  • 2005: George Clinton & the P-Funk All-Stars, Olee mgbe ị na-anọghị 2BB4UR? (The C Kunspyruhzy) [2][34]
  • 2007: Funkadelic, By Way of the Drum (Hip-O Select) [1][22]

Edensibia

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 West. "Pedro Bell (page 22)", SECONDS, 1987, pp. 20–26.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Spak. "Artist behind Parliament Funkadelic art struggles to get by", Chicago Sun-Times, November 9, 2009.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Vincent (1996). Funk: The Music, The People, and The Rhythm of The One. New York: St. Martin's Griffin. ISBN 978-0-312-13499-0. OCLC 893908844. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Grünhäuser. "Pedro Bell: Funkadelical Vibrations", Lodown magazine, January 10, 2018. (in en)
  5. ↑ Gonzales. "Black Utopia: The Funkadelic Art of Pedro Bell", Afropunk, April 29, 2019.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Genzlinger. "Pedro Bell, Whose Wild Album Covers Defined Funkadelic, Dies at 69", The New York Times, August 30, 2019.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 Timble. "Pedro Bell "One Nation Under a Dude"", Juxtapoz, Fall 1998. (in en-gb)
  8. ↑ Roberts. "Pedro Bell, artist who created Funkadelic's cosmic album covers, dies at 69", Los Angeles Times, August 28, 2019.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Shakur. "The Natural Way To Dro (Part I)", Misstra Knowitall, June 30, 2009.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 West. "Pedro Bell (page 20)", SECONDS, 1987, pp. 20–26.
  11. ↑ Shakur. "The Natural Way To Dro (Part III)", Misstra Knowitall, July 5, 2009.
  12. ↑ West. "Pedro Bell (page 21)", SECONDS, 1987, pp. 20–26.
  13. ↑ West. "Pedro Bell (page 23)", SECONDS, 1987, pp. 20–26.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 Michaels (1989). "Pedro Bell: Drawnamic Maestro of Optical Infotainment (page 3)". Motorbooty. 
  15. ↑ Michaels (1989). "Pedro Bell: Drawnamic Maestro of Optical Infotainment (page 4)". Motorbooty. 
  16. ↑ Clinton (2014). Brothas Be, Yo Like George, Ain't That Funkin' Kinda Hard on You?. New York: Atria Books, 116–118, 184. ISBN 978-1-476-75109-2. OCLC 893679213. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Michaels (1989). "Pedro Bell: Drawnamic Maestro of Optical Infotainment (page 5)". Motorbooty. 
  18. ↑ West. "Pedro Bell (page 24)", SECONDS, 1987, pp. 20–26.
  19. ↑ Hito. Pedro Bell. GeorgeClinton.com. Retrieved on March 25, 2013.
  20. ↑ West. "Pedro Bell (page 25)", SECONDS, 1987, pp. 20–26.
  21. ↑ Palmer. "The Pop Life; Clinton's Satire Has a Bite", The New York Times, May 7, 1986.
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 Michaels (1989). "Pedro Bell: Drawnamic Maestro of Optical Infotainment (page 1)". Motorbooty. 
  23. ↑ Johnson. "How the look of the 20th century came from Chicago and its African-American designers. Have a 7UP?", Chicago Tribune, December 5, 2018.
  24. ↑ Bell (1988). Pedro Bell cartoon: Larry Lazer (en). YouTube. Archived from the original on 2024-05-29. Retrieved on 2024-05-29.
  25. ↑ Michaels (1989). "Pedro Bell: Drawnamic Maestro of Optical Infotainment (page 6)". Motorbooty. 
  26. ↑ Austen. "P-FUNK (Pedro Bell Interview): Return of the Crazoid: Roctober Brings Artist Extraordinaire Pedro Bell Back to the Scene of the Crime Where He First Met Funkadelic", Roctober, 1994.
  27. ↑ Stozo's Land Souvenirs: ZEEP Magazine !?(1997 issue). Stozo The Clown.
  28. ↑ Michaels (1989). "Pedro Bell: Drawnamic Maestro of Optical Infotainment (page 2)". Motorbooty. 
  29. ↑ West. "Pedro Bell (page 26)", SECONDS, 1987, pp. 20–26.
  30. ↑ Shakur. "George Clinton's Funky Drawers: Pedro Bell", Misstra Knowitall, June 12, 2009.
  31. ↑ McClain. "'Miracle For A Maggot": Fundraiser for Funkadelic graphic artist Pedro Bell", Bold As Love Magazine, December 31, 2009.
  32. ↑ Minsker. "Pedro Bell, Artist of Funkadelic's Iconic Album Covers, Has Died", Pitchfork, August 28, 2019. (in en)
  33. ↑ O'Donnell. "Chicago artist Pedro Bell, designer of trippy album covers for George Clinton, Funkadelic, has died", Chicago Sun-Times, August 28, 2019.
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 34.2 34.3 34.4 34.5 Stevens (January 27, 2010). Beyond Cool: Pedro Bell, Funkadelic's visionary!. ROCK Sex.
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