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Qurabiya

Shí Wikipedia, njikotá édémédé nke onyobulạ
Qurabiya
obere ụdị nkeshortbread, cookie, pastry Dezie
Akụkụ nkeTurkish cuisine Dezie
Bisikiiti Ghoriba

Qurabiya (nke a na-akpọkwa ghraybe, ghorayeba, ghoriba (Arabic), ghribia, ghraïba, ma ọ bụ ghriyyaba na ọtụtụ okwu ndị ọzọ) bụ ụdị bisikiit, nke a na-ejikarị alimondu. A na-ahụ nsụgharị n'ọtụtụ mba nke ụwa Arab, na ụdị na ntụziaka dị iche iche.[1][2]

Na Maghreb na Ijipt, a na-ejikarị tii Libya, kọfị Arabic ma ọ bụ tii mint Maghrebi. Ghoriba anọwo na mpaghara Nnukwu Syria, Iraq na mba ndị Arab ndị ọzọ kemgbe oge ochie.[3] Ha yiri polvorones si Andalusia.[4][5][6]

Akụkọ ihe mere eme

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A na-enye usoro nri maka kuki achịcha dị mkpirikpi yiri ghorayebah ma na-enweghị almond, nke a na-akpọ na Arabic khushkanānaj gharib ( kuki dị iche iche), n'akwụkwọ nri ndị Arab mbụ a maara, Kitab al-Ṭabīīīī nke narị afọ nke 10.[7] Kurabiye pụtara na nri Ottoman na narị afọ nke iri na ise. [dubious [8]

E nwere arụmụka ụfọdụ banyere mmalite nke okwu ndị ahụ. Ụfọdụ enyeghị mmalite ọzọ maka okwu Turkish kurabiye karịa Turkish, ebe ndị ọzọ enyewo Arabic ma ọ bụ Persian.[8] N'etiti ndị ọzọ, onye ọkà mmụta asụsụ Sevan Nişanyan enyewo mmalite Arabic, n'akwụkwọ ya nke 2009 nke Turkish etymology, site na ġurayb ma ọ bụ ğarîb (nke dị iche).[9][10] Otú ọ dị, ka ọ na-erule 2019, akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu n'ịntanetị nke Nişanyan ugbu a na-enye ihe ndekọ mbụ a maara na Turkish dị ka ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri na asaa, nke sitere na gulābiya nke Persian, kuki e ji mmiri rose mee, site na gulāb, nke metụtara okooko osisi. Ọ na-ekwu na okwu Arabic nke Siria nwere ike isite na mbaTurkey.[11]

Mgbanwe mpaghara

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Ghribia (Algerian Arabic)[12][13][14]

  • Ghribia na almond
  • Ghribia na ahụekere
  • Ghribia na ukpa
  • Ghribia na pistachios

Khourabia (Armenian) bụ nsụgharị Armenian mgbe ụfọdụ a na-akpọ ya n'asụsụ Bekee dị ka kuki bọta Armenia ma ọ bụ kuki achịcha mkpụmkpụ Armenia.[15][16] A na-eji ihe atọ eme Khourabia: bọta, shuga, na ntụ ọka ma na-adịkarị ka achịcha, ntị ọka wit, ma ọ bụ akpụkpọ ụkwụ ịnyịnya nke na-egosi ahụike, akụ na ụba, na ọganihu. A na-erikarị ya n'oge emume Ista, Krismas, na Afọ Ọhụrụ. Ka oge na-aga, a gbakwunyere ihe ndị ọzọ, dị ka àkwá, sinamọn, na ukpa.

Bulgaria

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Kurabii aha nke nri ndị Bulgaria na ọtụtụ ụdị kuki, ụdị dị ụtọ a ma ama. Karịsịa n'oge ezumike, a na-akpọ ụdị jam dịgasị iche iche a na-emepụta site na afọ ọhụrụ na kuki shuga na-acha ntụ ntụ nke e ji ọdịdị mara mma chọọ mma maslenki. [Isiokwu dị mkpa]

Saịprọs na Gris

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Kourabiedes
Ụdị dị iche iche nke Kourabiedes na Gris

Nsụgharị Grik, nke a na-akpọ kourabiedes ma ọ bụ kourabiethes (Grik: κουρα 97/έδες; otutu nke kourabies κουρα 97/ti) yiri achịcha dị mkpirikpi, nke a-ejikarị almond eme.[1][2] A na-eji brandy eme Kourabiedes mgbe ụfọdụ, ọ na-abụkarị Metaxa, maka ịnụ ụtọ, ọ bụ ezie na vanilla, mastika ma ọ bụ mmiri rose na-ewu ewu. N'ógbè ụfọdụ nke Gris, a na-eji otu clove zuru oke nke na-etinye na biskit ọ bụla chọọ kourabiedes Krismas mma.[17] A na-eme Kourabiedes ma ọ bụ na crescents ma ọ bụ bọọlụ, mgbe ahụ na-eme ya ruo mgbe ọ dịtụ ọla edo. A na-agbakarị ha na shuga ice mgbe ha ka na-ekpo ọkụ, na-emepụta ihe na-ekpuchi shuga na bọta.[18] Kourabiedes na-ewu ewu karịsịa maka oge pụrụ iche, dị ka Krismas ma ọ bụ baptizim. ọ bụ ezie na ha na-ewu eto n'afọ niile.[19]

Okwu Grik kourabiedes sitere na okwu Turkish kurabiye, nke nwere njikọ na qurabiya, ezinụlọ kuki nke Middle East.[20]

Qurbiye nke Iran si Tabriz

Na Tabriz, a na-eji ntụ ọka almọnd, shuga, ọcha àkwá, vanilla, margarine na pistachio eme ha. A na-enye ya tii, nke a na-etinye n'elu tii iji mee ka ọ dị nro tupu a rie ya. [citation needed]

Igbe Qurabiya nke Nobari Confectionary (Tehran, Iran)

Ụdị dị iche iche gụnyere:[21][22]

  • Ghoriba na Cardamom
  • Ghoriba na pistachio
  • Ghoriba na saffron

Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ

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  • Ghoriba na pistachio
  • Ghoriba na mmiri Rose

Ghraïba Libyan ntuari arabic

  • Ghoriba na ahụekere
  • Ghoriba na almọnd
  • Ghoriba na ukpa

Ghoriba (Moroccan Arabic: غْرِيبَة) na Morocco na akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke Maghreb, kuki ndị a ma ama na-ejikarị semolina kama ntụ ọka ọcha, na-enye ihe pụrụ iche.[1][2]

A na-eji ntụ ọka eme Ghriba mbụ ma tinye ya na oroma ma ọ bụ oroma zest na sinamọn, a na-ejikarị ihe ụtọ a eme oriri, tinyere tii mint ma ọ bụ kọfị.[23]

  • Mlouwza, nke e ji almọnd na shuga mee na mmiri oroma na-atọ ụtọ
  • Ghoriba bahla
  • Ghoriba dyal zite
  • Ghoriba mramla
Acıbadem kurabiyesi

A na-eji okwu kurabiye eme ihe iji zoo aka na biskit dịgasị iche iche na Turkiye, ọ bụghị nke obodo, bụ ezie na a na-eme ụdị kurabiye dị iche iche; gụnyere necessitatbadem kurabiyesi na un kurabiyesi.

Ghraïba (Tunisian Arabic)

  • Ghraïba bidha, nke e ji ntụ ọka wit mee
  • Ghraïba droô, nke e ji ntụ ọka sorghum mee
  • Ghraïba homs, nke e ji ntụ ọka chickpea mee

 

  • kuki almond
  • Polvorón
  • Hallongrotta
  • Ndepụta nri almond
  • Ndepụta biskit na kuki
  • Ihe osise
  • Şekerpare
  • Otu kurabiyesi
  • Osmania Bisikiiti
  • Bọmbụ İzmir Kurabiye
  • Kavala Almond Cookies
  • Murabbalı mecidiye

Ebensidee

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  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Davidson (21 August 2014). The Oxford Companion to Food. OUP Oxford. ISBN 9780191040726. 
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 Marks (17 November 2010). Encyclopedia of Jewish Food. HMH. ISBN 9780544186316. 
  3. Salloum (Feb 28, 2012). The Arabian Nights Cookbook: From Lamb Kebabs to Baba Ghanouj, Delicious Homestyle Arabian Cooking. Tuttle Publishing. ISBN 9781462905249. 
  4. Williams (5 August 2012). Lost and loving it in Morocco. Herald Sun. Retrieved on 1 April 2015.
  5. Kragen (19 March 2013). Cookbook a love letter to Morocco. U-T San Diego. Retrieved on 1 April 2015.
  6. Catherine Hanger (2000). Morocco: World Food. Lonely Planet. ISBN 1-86450-024-7. 
  7. Nasrallah (26 November 2007). Annals of the Caliphs' Kitchens: Ibn Sayyār al-Warrāq's Tenth-Century Baghdadi Cookbook. BRILL, 418, 569. ISBN 9789047423058. 
  8. 8.0 8.1 Muhammed bin Mahmûd-ı Şirvânî (2005). 15. yüzyıl Osmanlı mutfağı. Gökkubbe. ISBN 978-975-6223-84-0. 
  9. Nişanyan (2009). Sözlerin soyağacı: çağdaş Türkçenin etimolojik sözlüğü. Everest Yayınları. ISBN 9789752896369. 
  10. Salloum (25 June 2013). Sweet Delights from a Thousand and One Nights: The Story of Traditional Arab Sweets. I.B.Tauris, 128. ISBN 9780857733412. 
  11. Nişanyan. Kurabiye. Nişanyan Sözlük. Retrieved on 2019-01-04.
  12. Labourdette (2012). Alger 2012-2013 (in fr). Petit Futé. ISBN 9782746963771. Retrieved on 1 April 2015. 
  13. Bellahsen (2005). Délices de Tunisie (in fr). Paris: EDL. ISBN 2-84690-243-7. 
  14. Talhouas (2010). Douceurs du Maghreb; Beyrouth : Albouraq (in fr). ISBN 978-2-84161-485-1. 
  15. Rinsky (2008-02-28). The Pastry Chef's Companion: A Comprehensive Resource Guide for the Baking and Pastry Professional (in en). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-470-00955-0. 
  16. (1977) Armenians in America (in en). Armenian General Benevolent Union of America, Incorporated. 
  17. Sam Sotiropoulos (2009-12-23). Greek Food Recipes and Reflections, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Greekgourmand.blogspot.com. Retrieved on 2014-03-16.
  18. Irene's Kourabiedes (Kourabiethes) (Greek Butter Cookies). Thursdayfordinner.com. Retrieved on 2015-02-27.
  19. Sourligas (22 October 2019). My Big Fat Greek Cookbook: Classic Mediterranean Soul Food Recipes. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 9781510749849. 
  20. Georgios Babiniotis, Dictionary of Modern Greek, s.v.
  21. Jacob (2014). The World Cookbook: The Greatest Recipes from Around the Globe, 2nd, 738. ISBN 9781610694698. 
  22. "حوليات الآداب والعلوم الاجتماعية". مجلس النشر العلمي، جامعة الكويت Issues 317-321: 118. 
  23. 15 favorite Moroccan culinary specialties (en-US). Retrieved on 2022-04-19.

Njikọ mpụga

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Templeeti:Cuisine of Bulgaria