Sustainable Development Goal 6

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Sustainable Development Goal 6

Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6 ma ọ bụ Global Goal 6) bụ maka "mmiri dị ọcha na idebe ihe ọcha maka mmadụ niile". Ọ bụ otu n'ime ebumnuche 17 Sustainable Development Goals guzobere na United Nations General Assembly na 2015, okwu gọọmentị bụ: "Hụkwa na nnweta na njikwa na-adịgide adịgide nke mmiri na ịdị ọcha maka mmadụ niile." [1] Ebumnobi a nwere ebumnobi asatọ a ga-enweta na 2030. A ga-eji akara ngosi iri na otu tụọ ọganihu na ebumnuche ndị a. [2]

Ihe mgbaru ọsọ isii nke "nkwalite pụta" gụnyere: Mmiri ọṅụṅụ dị mma ma dị ọnụ ala; kwụsị ikpochapụ oghere ma nye ohere ịnweta ịdị ọcha na ịdị ọcha, melite ogo mmiri, ọgwụgwọ mmiri na-ekpofu mmiri na ijikwa ya eme ihe nke ọma, na- abawanye arụmọrụ nke mmiri na-eme ka mmiri dị ọcha mee ihe, mejuputa IWRM, chebe ma weghachite ihe ndị metụtara mmiri . Ebumnuche abụọ a "ụzọ isi nweta" bụ ịgbasa nkwado mmiri na idebe ihe ọcha na mba ndị ka na-emepe emepe, na ịkwado itinye aka na mpaghara na mmiri na nlekọta ịdị ọcha. [3]

N'afọ 2017, ijeri mmadụ 2.2 enweghị mmiri ọ drinkingụ drinkingụ a na-achịkwa nke ọma yana ijeri mmadụ 4.2 enweghị idebe ọcha nke edoziri n'enweghị nsogbu. [4] Ijeri mmadụ atọ n'ụwa niile enweghị akụrụngwa ịsa aka n'ụlọ. [4] Abụọ n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ahụike ise n'ụwa niile enweghị ncha na mmiri, ma ọ bụ mmanya na-egbu egbu (2016). [4] Ọrịa COVID-19 emeela ka ebumnuche a dịkwuo mkpa. [5] Otú ọ dị, ọrịa na-efe efe a nwere ike imetụta ikike nke ụlọ ọrụ mmiri iji mezuo ebumnuche a site n'ịbawanye mfu na ego a ga-enweta nke a ga-eji tinye ego. [6]

Sustainable Development Goal 6

SDG 6 nwere njikọ chiri anya na ebumnuche mmepe Sustainable (SDGs) ndị ọzọ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọganihu na SDG 6 ga-eme ka ahụike dịkwuo mma ( SDG 3 ) ma melite ịga ụlọ akwụkwọ, nke abụọ na-enye aka n'ibelata ịda ogbenye . N'April 2020, odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke United Nations António Guterres kwuru, sị: "Taa, Sustainable Development Goal 6 adịghị mma" na ọ "na-egbochi ọganihu na Agenda 2030, mmezu nke ikike mmadụ na mmezu nke udo na nchekwa gburugburu ụwa. ụwa". [7]

ndabere[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Òtù Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu (UN) ekpebiela na ịnweta mmiri dị ọcha na ebe a na-edebe ihe ọcha bụ ihe bụ́ isi ruuru mmadụ . [8] . Otú ọ dị, mba ole na ole etinyela ikike mmadụ inwe mmiri n'ime iwu nwere ike imenye ya. Ihe karịrị ijeri mmadụ abụọ n'ụwa enweghị mmiri na-enweghị ihe egwu ahụike. Site na 2017, mba iri asatọ nyere ohere ịnweta mmiri dị ọcha maka ihe karịrị 99% nke ndị bi na ha. [9] Site na 2000 ruo 2017, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị zuru ụwa ọnụ na-enweghị ohere ịnweta mmiri dị ọcha gbadara site na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 20% ruo ihe ruru 10%. [10]

Ịkwụsị ịsa afọ ghe oghe ga-achọ inye ụlọ mposi na idebe ọcha maka ijeri mmadụ 2.6 yana mgbanwe omume nke ndị mmadụ. [11] Iji zute ebumnuche SDG maka ịdị ọcha n'afọ 2030, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke mba ga-adị mkpa iji mee ka ọganihu dị ngwa iji kwụsị ịsa afọ, gụnyere Brazil, China, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Nigeria, na Pakistan . [12] Nke a ga-achọ nkwado n'etiti gọọmentị, ọha mmadụ na ndị ọrụ nzuzo . [13]

Mmiri ọṅụṅụ dị mma na ụlọ mposi dị ọcha na-echebe ndị mmadụ pụọ na ọrịa ma mee ka ọha mmadụ nwee ike na-arụpụta ihe n'ụzọ akụ na ụba. Ịga ụlọ akwụkwọ na ọrụ na-enweghị nkwụsịtụ na-akwado agụmakwụkwọ na ọrụ. Ya mere, ụlọ mposi n'ụlọ akwụkwọ na n'ebe ọrụ gụnyere na nke abụọ ebumnuche ("nweta ohere ịnweta ịdị ọcha zuru oke na nke ziri ezi na ịdị ọcha maka mmadụ niile"). Ihe ngwọta ziri ezi na ịdị ọcha na-edozi mkpa ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ na ndị nọ n'ọnọdụ adịghị ike, dị ka ndị agadi ma ọ bụ ndị nwere nkwarụ.

Na June 2019, United Nations Children Fund (UNICEF) na World Health Organisation wepụtara akụkọ ha nwere peeji 138 "Ọganihu na mmiri ọṅụṅụ ụlọ, ịdị ọcha na ịdị ọcha 2000-2017: lekwasịrị anya pụrụ iche na enweghị aha." Akụkọ ahụ kwuru na n'afọ 2017, ijeri mmadụ 5.3 - nke na-anọchite anya 71% nke ndị bi n'ụwa - jiri "ọrụ mmiri ọṅụṅụ a na-achịkwa nke ọma - nke dị n'ime ụlọ, dị mgbe ọ dị mkpa, na enweghị mmetọ [10] . [10] Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2017, ijeri mmadụ 6.8 - nke na-anọchite anya 90% nke ndị bi n'ụwa - jiri "opekata mpe ọrụ bụ isi", nke gụnyere "isi iyi mmiri ọṅụṅụ ka mma n'ime njem nkeji iri atọ iji nakọta mmiri". [10] Otú ọ dị, na 2017, a ka nwere nde mmadụ 785 na-enweghị "ọbụna ọrụ mmiri ọṅụṅụ bụ isi, gụnyere nde mmadụ 144 bụ ndị dabeere na mmiri dị n'elu." [10] Akuko a kwuru na ihe ruru ijeri mmadụ abụọ ji “ebe a na-aṅụ mmiri a na-aṅụ na nsị”. [10] Akụkọ ahụ dọrọ aka ná ntị na ọrịa ndị gụnyere “afọ ọsịsa, ọgbụgbọ ọgbụgbọ, ọnyụnyụ ọbara, typhoid, na polio” na-ebute site na mmiri mmetọ, bụ́ nke na-akpata ọnwụ ihe dị ka 485,000 afọ ọsịsa kwa afọ. [10] Ọ dọrọ aka ná ntị na 50% nke ndị bi n'ụwa ga-ebi "n'ebe nsogbu mmiri na-enwe" site na 2025. [10] N'ihe dị ka 2017, 22% nke ụlọ ọrụ nlekọta ahụike na mba ndị mepere emepe enweghị ọrụ mmiri, na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị yiri ya enweghị ọrụ ịdị ọcha na nlekọta mkpofu. [10]

Nyochaa ọganihu SDG sitere n'aka UN na 2020 chọpụtara na "ịbawanye nkwa ndị na-enye onyinye na mpaghara mmiri ga-anọgide na-adị mkpa iji nwee ọganihu na mgbaru ọsọ 6". [5] Nke a bụ ya mere UN ji tinye aka n'otu n'otu na-akwalite nkwado mba ndị a maara dị ka SDG 6 Global Acceleration Framework. [14]

Ebumnuche, egosi na ọganihu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

SDG 6 nwere ebumnuche asatọ. A ga-enweta isii n'ime ha ka ọ na-erule afọ 2030, otu n'ime afọ 2020, otu onye enweghị afọ ebumnuche. [15] Nke ọ bụla n'ime ebumnuche ahụ nwekwara otu ihe ngosi ma ọ bụ abụọ nke a ga-eji tụọ ọganihu. Na mkpokọta enwere ihe ngosi 11 iji nyochaa ọganihu maka SDG6. [16] Isi mmalite data maka ebumnuche SDG 6 na ihe ngosi sitere na Integrated Monitoring Initiative for SDG 6 nke UN-Water na- ahazi. [17] Gọọmenti ọ bụla ga-ekpebi ka ọ ga-esi tinye ha n'ime usoro nhazi mba, atumatu na atumatu dabere na eziokwu obodo, ikike, ọkwa mmepe na ihe ndị dị mkpa. [17]

Ihe mgbaru ọsọ isii nke "nkwalite pụta" gụnyere: Mmiri ọṅụṅụ dị mma ma dị ọnụ ala; kwụsị ikpochapụ oghere ma nye ohere ịnweta ịdị ọcha na ịdị ọcha, melite ogo mmiri, ọgwụgwọ mmiri na-ekpofu mmiri na ijikwa ya eme ihe nke ọma, na- abawanye arụmọrụ nke mmiri na-eme ka mmiri dị ọcha mee ihe, mejuputa IWRM, chebe ma weghachite ihe ndị metụtara mmiri . Ebumnuche abụọ a "ụzọ isi nweta" bụ ịgbasa nkwado mmiri na idebe ihe ọcha na mba ndị ka na-emepe emepe, na ịkwado itinye aka na mpaghara na mmiri na nlekọta ịdị ọcha. [3]

Ebumnuche atọ mbụ metụtara inye mmiri ọñụñụ, ọrụ idebe ihe ọcha na ọgwụgwọ mmiri na-ekpofu mmiri na ijigharị ya. [15]

Otu SDG 6 Baseline Report na 2018 chọpụtara na ihe na-erughị pasenti 50 nke mba nwere atụmatụ ntọala yiri nke ọtụtụ SDG 6 n'ụwa niile. [17] : 31 Otu ihe kpatara ya bụ na ọtụtụ SDG 6 zuru ụwa ọnụ egosi dị ọhụrụ, na ọtụtụ nwere nanị obere oge usoro, na-eme ka o sie ike ikpebi ọnụego nke ọganihu. [17] : 31 

Ebumnuche 6.1: Mmiri ọṅụṅụ dị mma yana ọnụ ala[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Aha n'uju nke Target 6.1 bụ: "Ka ọ na-erule 2030, nweta ohere zuru ụwa ọnụ na nha anya inweta mmiri ọñụñụ dị mma ma dị ọnụ ala maka mmadụ niile". [2]

Ebumnuche a nwere otu ihe ngosi: Ngosipụta 6.1.1 bụ "ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi na-eji ọrụ mmiri ọ drinkingụ drinkingụ na-achịkwa nke ọma". [18]

Nkọwa nke " ọrụ mmiri ọ drinkingụ drinkingụ na-achịkwa nke ọma " bụ: "Iri mmiri si n'ebe mmiri dị mma nke dị na ogige, dị mgbe achọrọ ya na enweghị mmetọ kemịkalụ na ụzọ mbụ." [11] : 8 N'agbata afọ 2000 na 2015, pasentị nke ndị bi n'ụwa niile na-eji mmiri ọ drinkingụ drinkingụ ejiri nke ọma abawanyela site na pasenti 61 ruo 71. Mana nke a agbanwebeghị na 2017. Na mkpokọta, nde mmadụ 785 gburugburu ụwa ka enweghị isi ọrụ mmiri ọñụñụ. [19]

N'afọ 2017, naanị pasentị 71 nke ndị bi n'ụwa niile ji mmiri ọ drinkingụ drinkingụ ejirila nke ọma mee ihe. Nke a pụtara na ijeri mmadụ 2.2 ka enweghị mmiri ọñụñụ ejirighị nke ọma na 2017. [5]

Tụnyere 2017, 74% nke ndị bi n'ụwa ga-enweta mmiri ọ drinkingụ drinkingụ ejirila nke ọma na 2020. Nke a bụ mmụba n'oge gara aga, mana mmadụ ijeri 2 ka na-enwetaghị mmiri ọñụñụ dị mma, ọkachasị n'ime ime obodo na mba ndị mepere emepe. Na 2020, nde mmadụ 771 ka na-enwetaghị ọbụna ọrụ mmiri ọñụñụ. 8 n'ime mmadụ iri n'ime ndị a bi n'ime ime obodo, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ọkara bi na mba ndị mepere emepe; Ọ nweghị mpaghara SDG a na-atụ anya na ọ ga-enweta mkpuchi zuru ụwa ọnụ site na 2030, na na ndịda Sahara Africa, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-enweghị ohere ịnweta mmiri ọñụñụ ejirila nke ọma amụbaala karịa 40% kemgbe 2000. N'ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ ọganihu a na-enwe ugbu a, ebumnobi zuru ụwa ọnụ nke inweta mmiri ọṅụṅụ a na-achịkwa nke ọma na 2030 ga-adị mkpa okpukpu anọ. [20]

Ebumnuche 6.2: Kwụsị ịsa ahụ na-emeghe ma nye ohere ịdị ọcha na ịdị ọcha[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Aha zuru ezu nke Target 6.2 bụ: "Ka ọ na-erule 2030, nweta ohere ịnweta ịdị ọcha na ịdị ọcha zuru oke na nke ziri ezi maka mmadụ niile wee kwụsị ikpochapụ oghere, na-elebara mkpa ndị inyom na ụmụ agbọghọ anya na ndị nọ n'ọnọdụ adịghị ike." [2]

Ebumnuche a nwere otu ihe ngosi: Ngosipụta 6.2.1 bụ "ọnụọgụ ndị mmadụ na-eji (a) ọrụ idebe ihe ọcha na-achịkwa nke ọma yana (b) ebe a na-asa aka nke nwere ncha na mmiri". [21]

Nkọwa nke "ọrụ ịdị ọcha a na-achịkwa nke ọma" bụ: "Ojiji nke ụlọ ọrụ emeziwanye nke a na-ekekọrịtaghị na ezinụlọ ndị ọzọ yana ebe a na-ekpofu ihe mkpofu na ọnọdụ ma ọ bụ bufee ma mesoo ya n'èzí." [11] : 8 Ụlọ ọrụ ịdị ọcha emelitere bụ nke e mere iji kewapụ ihe dị ọcha na mkpochapụ na kọntaktị mmadụ. [11] : 6 

A na-akọkọkarị ebumnuche 6.1 na 6.2 ọnụ n'ihi na ha abụọ so na ngalaba ịsa ahụ ma nwee otu ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka nchekwa, Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation (JMP). [11]

Ọnụọgụ dị na atụmatụ ntọala 2017 site na Mmemme Nlebaanya Njikọta maka Ịnye Mmiri na Ịdị ọcha (JMP) bụ na ijeri mmadụ 4.5 ugbu a enwebeghị ihe ọ bụla ejisiri ịdị ọcha. [11]

N'ụwa niile, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-eji ọrụ idebe ihe ọcha ejiri n'enweghị nsogbu rịgoro site na pasenti 28 na 2000 ruo pasenti 45 na 2017. Latin America na Caribbean, Sub-Saharan Africa, na East na Ndịda Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia dekọtara mmụba kachasị ukwuu. Na mkpokọta, a ka nwere nde mmadụ 701 gburugburu ụwa bụ ndị ka na-eme ịsa ahụ n'afọ 2017. [19] Ọnụọgụ a belatara n'afọ 2020 ruo nde mmadụ 673 bụ ndị na-eme ịsa ahụ. [5]

Dị ka nke 2017, ụzọ abụọ n'ụzọ atọ nke mba enweghị atụmatụ ntọala maka ihe ngosi SDG na ịsacha aka, mmiri ọ drinkingụ drinkingụ na-achịkwa nke ọma na ọrụ ịdị ọcha. [22]

N'afọ 2017, ihe dị ka pasentị 60 nke ndị mmadụ n'ụwa niile nwere ihe eji eji ncha na mmiri akwọ aka n'ụlọ. Agbanyeghị, n'ime mba ndị mepere emepe, naanị pasenti 38 nwere akụrụngwa dị otú ahụ, na-asụgharị ihe ruru ijeri mmadụ 3 ka enweghị akụrụngwa ịsa aka n'ụlọ. [19]

Na 2020, akụkọ sitere na ọgbakọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị High-Level Forum on Sustainable Development chọpụtara na "ọtụtụ ijeri mmadụ n'ụwa niile ka enweghị ohere ịnweta mmiri na idebe ihe ọcha na akụrụngwa ịsa aka n'ụlọ, nke dị oke mkpa iji gbochie mgbasa nke COVID. -19 ". [5] Agbanyeghị, otu ọrịa na-efe efe a emeela ka mbelata ohere ịnweta idebe ihe ọcha jikwaa n'enweghị nsogbu. [23]

Ebumnuche 6.3: Melite ogo mmiri, ọgwụgwọ mmiri na-ekpofu mmiri na ijikwa ya dị mma[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

A haziri ebumnuche 6.3 dị ka "Ka ọ na-erule 2030, kwalite ogo mmiri site na ibelata mmetọ, iwepụ mkpofu na ibelata ntọhapụ nke kemịkalụ na ihe dị ize ndụ, ibelata oke nke mmiri mkpofu na-adịghị edozi ma na-abawanye ụbara imegharị na nchekwa eji eme ihe n'ụwa niile". [2] Nke a bụkwa ebumnuche metụtara ịdị ọcha, n'ihi na ọgwụgwọ mmiri mkpofu bụ akụkụ nke ịdị ọcha.

Ebumnuche nwere ihe ngosi abụọ: [21]

  • Ihe ngosi 6.3.1: Oke mmiri mkpofu ụlọ na nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na-edozi nke ọma
  • Ihe ngosi 6.3.2: Oke ozu mmiri nwere ezigbo mma mmiri gburugburu

Ọnọdụ ugbu a maka Indicator 6.3.2 bụ na: "Ntụmatụ mbụ sitere na 79 bụ mba ndị na-akpata ego dị elu na nke dị elu na 2019 na-atụ aro na, n'ihe dị ka otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ nke mba ahụ, a na-edozi ihe na-erughị ọkara nke mmiri mkpofu ụlọ n'enweghị nsogbu. " [5]

Ichekwa isi iyi mmiri dị oke mkpa iji nweta ohere zuru ụwa ọnụ iji nweta mmiri ọñụñụ dị mma yana ọnụ ala.

Ebumnuche 6.4: Na-abawanye arụmọrụ iji mmiri wee hụ na ọ na-enweta mmiri dị ọhụrụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

A haziri 6.4 Target dị ka "Ka ọ na-erule 2030, na-abawanye n'ụzọ dị ukwuu iji mmiri na-arụ ọrụ n'akụkụ niile ma hụ na a ga-ewepụ ya na inye mmiri dị ọcha iji gboo ụkọ mmiri ma belata nke ukwuu ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị mmadụ na-ata ahụhụ n'ụkọ mmiri ." [2]

Ebumnuche a nwere ihe ngosi abụọ: [21]

  • Ihe ngosi 6.4.1: Mgbanwe na arụmọrụ iji mmiri na-agafe oge
  • Ihe ngosi 6.4.2: Ọkwa mgbakasị mmiri: mwepu mmiri dị ọcha dịka oke nke akụrụngwa mmiri dị

A chịkọtara ọnọdụ dị ugbu a gbasara nrụgide mmiri dị ka ndị a: "N'afọ 2017, Central na Southern Asia na Northern Africa debara aha oke nrụgide mmiri - nke a kọwara dị ka oke mmiri dị ọhụrụ wepụrụ na mkpokọta mmiri ọhụrụ a na-emegharị - nke karịrị pasent 70". Nke a na-esote Western Asia na Eastern Asia, na oke nrụgide mmiri nke 54 pasent na 46 pasent, n'otu n'otu. [5]

Ebumnuche 6.5: Mejuputa IWRM[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

A haziri 6.5 Target dị ka: "Site na 2030, mejuputa njikwa akụrụngwa mmiri agbakwunyere na ọkwa niile, gụnyere site na imekọ ihe ọnụ dị ka o kwesịrị." [2]

Ihe ngosi abụọ a gụnyere: [21]

  • Ihe ngosi 6.5.1 ogo njikwa akụrụngwa mmiri agbakwunyere
  • Ngosipụta 6.5.2 Oke nke mpaghara mmiri na-agafe agafe nwere nhazi ọrụ maka imekọ ihe ọnụ mmiri

Ntụleghachi na 2020 kwuru na: "N'afọ 2018, pasent 60 nke mba 172 kọrọ ọkwa dị ala, nke dị ala na nke dị ala nke mmejuputa iwu nke njikwa mmiri mmiri na-ejikọta ya na o yighị ka ọ ga-emezu ebumnuche mmejuputa ya na 2030." [5]

Otu nyocha ahụ kwuru na: "Dịka data sitere na mba 67 si kwuo, nkezi pasentị nke ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke mba nke usoro arụ ọrụ kpuchiri bụ pasent 59 n'ime oge 2017-2018. Naanị mba 17 kọrọ na usoro ndị dị otú ahụ kpuchiri basins ha niile na-agafe agafe." [5]

Ebumnuche 6.6: Chedo ma weghachi gburugburu ebe obibi metụtara mmiri[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ebumnuche 6.6 bụ: "Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2020, chebe ma weghachi ihe ndị dị ndụ metụtara mmiri, gụnyere ugwu, oke ọhịa, ala mmiri, osimiri, ọdọ mmiri na ọdọ mmiri ." [2]

O nwere otu ihe ngosi: Ihe ngosi 6.6.1 bụ "Mgbanwe n'ókè nke gburugburu ebe obibi metụtara mmiri ka oge na-aga". [21]

A na-atụ anya na mmetụta ọjọọ nke mgbanwe ihu igwe nwere ike ibelata oke mmiri dị ọcha, si otú ahụ na-akawanye njọ gburugburu ebe obibi na ebe obibi . [5]

Ebumnuche 6.a: gbasaa nkwado mmiri na idebe ihe ọcha na mba ndị ka na-emepe emepe[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ebumnuche 6.a bụ: "Site na 2030, gbasaa nkwado mba ụwa na nkwado ikike ike nye mba ndị ka na-emepe emepe n'ime mmiri na mmemme metụtara mmiri na idebe ihe ọcha, gụnyere iwepụta mmiri, mkpochapụ, nrụpụta mmiri, ọgwụgwọ mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ, imegharị ihe na iji teknụzụ eme ihe." [2]

O nwere otu ihe na-egosi: Ihe ngosi 6.a.1 bụ "Ogo nke enyemaka mmepe nke mmiri na idebe ihe ọcha bụ akụkụ nke atụmatụ mmefu gọọmentị na-ahazi". [21]

N'afọ 2015, oke ODA zuru ụwa ọnụ na mpaghara mmiri ruru anyị ijeri $8.6, gụnyere ịgba mbọ hụ na isi mmiri na ịdị ọcha, na ịkwalite akụrụngwa mmiri ugbo na ike mmiri. Agbanyeghị, 80% nke mba anaghị emezu ebumnuche mmiri na ịdị ọcha n'ihi enweghị ego zuru oke [6].

SDG 6 adịghị aga nke ọma n'ihi mmejuputa iwu na-adịghị mma, ụkọ ndị ọrụ, ego ezughị oke na mmetụta dị nta nke ego enyemaka mgbe etinyeghị ntinye ego ogologo oge na-agbanwe agbanwe. [24] Nkà na ụzụ ọhụrụ na njikwa dị irè karị bụ ntọala maka ịkwalite SDG 6 n'ọnọdụ mkpirisi ego enyemaka. Ya mere, ibelata mmefu ego nwere ike ịzọpụta nnukwu ego. Maka ime obodo na mba ndị ka na-emepe emepe, ọ dị mkpa iji ihe ndị kwesịrị ekwesị, kwalite ịzụ ahịa na kpochapụ ndị etiti[7].

N'afọ 2019, akwụkwọ sitere na UN chọpụtara na: "Mgbe ọtụtụ afọ nke mmụba na-aga n'ihu na mgbe ha ruru ijeri $ 9 na 2016, enyemaka mmepe gọọmentị (ODA) na mpaghara mmiri jụrụ site na 2 pasent site na 2016 ruo 2017. Agbanyeghị, nkwa ODA maka mpaghara mmiri wee jiri pasentị 36 gbagoro n'etiti 2016 na 2017, na-egosi nlebara anya ọhụrụ nke ndị na-enye onyinye na mpaghara ahụ." [25]

Otu afọ ka e mesịrị n'April 2020 ka ekwuru na "ego ODA na mpaghara mmiri ruru ijeri $9, ma ọ bụ pasent 6, na 2018, na-eso mbelata ego ndị dị otú ahụ na 2017". [5]

Ihe karịrị ijeri mmadụ abụọ enweghị mmiri ọñụnụ ejirizi nke ọma. Ijeri 1.6 ọzọ bụ ndị na-adịghị ọcha ọcha. Ọ bụrụ na ọnọdụ a na-aga n'ihu, ụwa agaghị enwe mmiri zuru oke iji gboo mkpa site na 2030 ya mere na-eme ka ọ ghara ikwe omume izute SDG 6-mmiri dị mma na ịdị ọcha maka mmadụ niile. Mgbanwe ihu igwe na-emekwa ka ọnọdụ nnweta mmiri ka njọ ka ọ na-emetụta usoro mmiri nke ụwa site na ụbara nke ụkọ mmiri ozuzo, idei mmiri na mmiri ozuzo na-enweghị ntụkwasị obi. Iji merie nsogbu nke nsogbu mmiri, Global Water Security & Sanitation Partnership (GWSP) na-arụkọ ọrụ na ọtụtụ mba iji mee ka mmiri dịịrị nwa amaala ya. Na 2020, GWSP jikọrọ aka na Dominican Republic na mpaghara Espaillat rụkwaa ma nabata ụzọ ọhụrụ nke nchịkọta na ọgwụgwọ mmiri ebe usoro ọgwụgwọ mmiri na-adịghị arụ ọrụ kemgbe 2004. Nke a emela ka ịdị ọcha, ịdị ọcha na ịnweta mmiri ọñụñụ dị ọcha ka mma.

Ebumnuche 6.b: Kwado itinye aka na mpaghara na njikwa mmiri na ịdị ọcha[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ebumnuche 6.b bụ: "Na-akwado ma wusie ike nsonye nke ndị obodo na imeziwanye mmiri na idebe ihe ọcha." [2]

O nwere otu ihe na-egosi: Ngosipụta 6.b.1 bụ "Ozi nke ngalaba nhazi mpaghara nwere ụkpụrụ na usoro arụ ọrụ na usoro maka itinye aka na mpaghara mmiri na njikwa mmiri". [21]

Ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ndị ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa na-ahụ maka ịkọ akụkọ ihe ngosi ndị a: [11] [17]

  • Ihe ngosi 6.1.1 na 6.2.1: Mmemme nleba anya ọnụ maka inye mmiri na ịdị ọcha (JMP). JMP bụ mmemme nkwonkwo nke UNICEF na WHO ma na-achịkọta data iji nyochaa ọganihu nke Target 6.1 na Target 6.2.
  • Ihe ngosi 6.3.1: UN-Habitat na WHO
  • Ihe ngosi 6.3.2: Global Environment Monitoring System for Freshwater (GEMS / Water), International Center for Water Resources and Global Change ( UNESCO -IHP); Ụlọ ọrụ Federal Institute of Hydrology, Germany ; Mahadum University Cork, Ireland
  • Ihe ngosi 6.4.1 na 6.4.2: FAOSTAT - AQUASTAT
  • Ihe ngosi 6.5.1: United Nations Environment Programme -DHI Center
  • Ihe ngosi 6.5.2: UNECE na UNESCO-IHP
  • Ihe ngosi 6.6.1: Mmemme gburugburu ebe obibi nke United Nations, World Conservation Monitoring Center, International Water Management Institute (IWMI)
  • Ihe ngosi 6.a.1 na 6.b.1: UN-Water Global Analysis and Assessment of Sanitation and Drinking Water (GLAAS)

Ihe ịma aka[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Mmetụta nke ọrịa COVID-19[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ọrịa COVID-19 emetụtala ndị ogbenye bi n'ime ime obodo na-enweghị obere mmiri dị ọcha ma ọ bụ enweghị ohere. [26] [27] Ọrịa ọjọọ ahụ egosila mkpa ịdị ọcha, ịdị ọcha na ịnweta mmiri dị ọcha nke ọma iji gbochie ọrịa. Dị ka Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa si kwuo, ịsacha aka bụ otu n'ime ihe kacha dị irè mmadụ nwere ike ime iji belata mgbasa nke nje na igbochi ọrịa, gụnyere nje COVID-19. [28]

A na-arịọ ụwa ka ọ kwọọ aka ọtụtụ ugboro n'ụbọchị, saa na sachapụ ihe ọ bụla e si n'èzí pụta, sachapụkwa ụgbọ njem ọha n'otu oge n'otu ụbọchị. [29] Oriri mmiri, yana ọgbọ mmiri mkpofu n'ụwa niile, abawanyela okpukpu abụọ ugbu a. UN-Habitat na ndị mmekọ na-arụkọ ọrụ iji kwado ịnweta mmiri pọmpụ na ịsacha aka na ebe ndị na-adịghị mma. [28] Site na mmụba nke akụrụngwa mmiri na 2020, o kwuru na n'afọ 2030 nde mmadụ 700 nwere ike chụpụ ya n'ihi ụkọ mmiri. [30]

Ihe iyi egwu mgbanwe ihu igwe

Mgbanwe ihu igwe bụ nnukwu ihe ịma aka iji nweta ebumnuche mmepe na-adigide 6 na mmiri dị ọcha na idebe ihe ọcha maka mmadụ niile. Mmetọ sitere na mmanụ ọkụ ebutela mmetọ nke mmiri na-emebi ohere ịnweta mmiri dị ọcha ma na-ebute mgbanwe ihu igwe na-agbanwe ọnọdụ ihu igwe na-abawanye ụkọ mmiri ozuzo na mpaghara ụfọdụ yana idei mmiri na mpaghara ndị ọzọ. Renzaho et al. (2017) na-atụ aro mkpa maka biofuels iji belata mmetụta nke mgbanwe ihu igwe na ịnweta mmiri dị ọcha na ịdị ọcha. Ho & Goethals (2019) SDG 6 na-eyi egwu egwu egwu zuru ụwa ọnụ na-apụta gụnyere mgbanwe ihu igwe, mbuso agha ndu, mbelata mmiri, na mmụba nke ala nke na-etinye ihe egwu na ọdọ mmiri na-adigide n'ọdịnihu. Ọ bụ ihe iyi egwu dị na ọdọ mmiri na ọdọ mmiri n'ọdịnihu na-egosi ka SDG 6 n'etiti SDG ndị ọzọ si egwu mgbanwe ihu igwe. Ime obodo, mgbochi mmiri, microplastics, na ụdị mmetọ ndị ọzọ na-abawanye mbibi nke mgbanwe ihu igwe ma na-emebi nkwado nke ọdọ mmiri na ọdọ mmiri. Mycoo (2018) na-atụ aro ka ekwesịrị ileba anya n'ihe ịma aka nchịkwa mmiri iji kwado na nzute SDG 6. Ya mere, ọ dị mkpa ka e nwekwuo atumatu, ngwá ọrụ, na omume dị mma iji dozie okwu na-arịwanye elu nke nchekwa mmiri ma nwetakwa mmepe na-adịgide adịgide n'okpuru egwu nke mgbanwe ihu igwe. N'otu aka ahụ, Delany-Crowe et al. Amụma (2019) gbadoro ụkwụ na inweta SDG 6 na 13 gbakwunyere 14 chọrọ ijikọ usoro mgbanwe ihu igwe ebe ewepụtara usoro mbelata zuru oke. Holcomb (2021) na-akọwa isi nkwusi okwu ike na mgbanwe ihu igwe iyi egwu na SDG 6 na ụzọ nha gburugburu.

Mbunye na ihe ịma aka n'akụkụ ihe achọrọ

Mmiri dị ọcha na ịdị ọcha na-emetụta ọ bụghị nanị na usoro nnukwu gburugburu ebe obibi, ma ha na-emetụtakwa nnukwu ebumnuche ụlọ ọrụ na àgwà oriri mmiri. [31] Ka mba ndị na-emepe emepe na Sub-Saharan Africa na South-South-East Asia na-aba ụba nke ukwuu, mba ndị a nwere ihe ịma aka pụrụ iche iji megharịa na ichekwa ihe ndị dị ndụ mmiri. Na nguzobe Sustainable Development Goals na 2015, MDGs gara aga hapụrụ nde 663 chọrọ inweta mmiri dị mma. [32]

Na 2019, GLAAS [UN-Water Global Analysis and Assessment of Sanitation and Drinking Water] chọpụtara na ọ bụ naanị mba 6 n'ime 101 nwere akụrụngwa ego na nke mmadụ iji gboo nhicha na nhicha mmiri n'ime obodo nke ha. [33] Na-agbanwe agbanwe. Ihe na-erughị 15% nke mba na-emezu ebumnuche nke ịkwado mmiri dị ọcha nke ọma na mbọ idebe ihe ọcha n'ime obodo nke ha [ibid]. Mbelata ego a na-emetụta akụkụ ndị ọzọ metụtara SDG 6 na ihe ngosi ọganihu ya. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ebe agbagoro mbọ mmiri ọñụñụ dị ọcha nke ọma, idebe ihe ọcha, njikwa mmiri mkpofu, na ebe ịdị ọcha akwụsịla n'ọganihu ha ruo 2030. [34]

Ọtụtụ n'ime ihe a na-elekwasị anya n'ime afọ iri na-abịanụ bụ na mba ndị dị na Sub Saharan Africa bụ ndị na-agaghị emeli ihe ha chọrọ ma ọ bụrụ na ego na-eto eto adịghị echekwa n'ime afọ iri na-abịanụ. Libey et.al, (2020) mara na ọbụlagodi n'ebe abụọ ahọpụtara na North-Eastern Africa ebe ụtụ isi ụlọ ọrụ dị elu karịa mpaghara ha gbara ya gburugburu, ụlọ ọrụ ọha na eze enweghị ike ịga n'ihu na-achọ mmiri mgbe niile. [35] N'ịgbasa okwu a n'ihu, ọchịchị ọtụtụ ọkwa ka bụ ihe dị mkpa na-eduzi ego nke ọma n'ebe achọrọ ha. Nkiaka et.al, (2021), dere na omume nlekọta mmiri na-adịgide adịgide ga-ekwe omume ma ọ bụrụ na enwere ngwọta mpaghara maka Sub-Saharan Africa nke na-ejikọta usoro na omume nlekọta mmiri dị ugbu a. [36]

Nleba anya na ọganihu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

A na-ebipụta akụkọ ọganihu dị elu maka SDG niile n'ụdị akụkọ sitere n'aka odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke United Nations . Nke kacha ọhụrụ bụ site na Eprel 2020. [5] Akụkọ tupu nke ahụ sitere na Mee 2019. [25]

Na mgbakwunye, enwere ike ịhụ mmelite na ọganihu na webụsaịtị SDG nke United Nations na-elekọta. [4]

Nleba anya ọganihu site na ọnọdụ zuru ụwa ọnụ

Ileba anya n'ọganihu ọkwa mba nke Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6 site na akara ngosi mba ụwa kwadoro bụ ihe nyocha siri ike na nnukwu ego sitere n'aka ndị otu mba ụwa na gọọmentị mba. SDG 6 nwere ebumnuche isi isii na ihe nrịbama itoolu, yana ụzọ abụọ e ji emejuputa (MoI) lekwasịrị anya na ihe nleba anya. A ga-enyocha ihe ngosi maka SDG 6 wee kọwapụta ya na ọkwa mba ụwa site n'aka ndị ọrụ nlekọta United Nations (UN) n'okpuru UN-Water managed Integrated Monitoring Initiative for SDG 6 (IMI), n'agbanyeghị data na nsonaazụ mba ga-abụ ntọala nke nlekota niile. na akuko. [37]

N'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ, a ga-eji akara ngosi akara iji tụọ ọganihu (ma ọ bụ enweghị ya). Ya mere, mmejuputa atumatu SDG na-egosi nleba anya na-aga n'ihu na nleba anya n'oge iji lelee ma uzo na uzo mmepe ziri ezi. [38]

Enwere ihe ngosi 11 zuru ụwa ọnụ iji soro ọganihu ruo SDG 6. Atụmatụ zuru ụwa ọnụ gbadoro ụkwụ na data obodo, ndị ụlọ ọrụ United Nations na-ahụ maka ya chịkọtara ma kwado ya, mgbe ụfọdụ data sitere na isi mmalite ndị ọzọ na-akwado ya. [39]

  • Ihe ngosi 6.1.1 - Mmiri ọṅụṅụ : 74% nke ndị bi n'ụwa na-eji ọrụ mmiri ọ drinkingụ drinkingụ na-achịkwa nke ọma (egosi SDG 6.1.1, 2007-2020)
  • Ihe ngosi 6.2.1a - ịdị ọcha : 54% nke ndị bi n'ụwa na-eji ọrụ idebe ihe ọcha ejiri n'enweghị nsogbu (SDG egosi 6.2.1a, 2016-2020)
  • Ihe ngosi 6.2.1b - ịdị ọcha : 71% nke ndị bi n'ụwa nwere ohere ịnweta ebe eji asa aka (SDG egosi 6.2.1b, 2014-2020)
  • Ihe ngosi 6.3.1 - Ọgwụgwọ mmiri mkpofu : A na-edozi 56% nke mmiri mkpofu ụlọ n'ụwa n'enweghị nsogbu (egosi SDG 6.3.1, 2020)
  • Ihe ngosi 6.3.2 - Ogo mmiri : 72% nke mmiri mmiri a na-enyocha nwere ezigbo mma mmiri gburugburu (SDG 6.3.2, 2017-2020)
  • Ihe ngosi 6.4.1 - Ịrụ ọrụ nke mmiri : 19 $/m3 bụ ọnụ ahịa dollar agbakwunyere na oke mmiri ejiri mee ihe na ọkwa ụwa (SDG 6.4.1, 2017-2018)
  • Ihe ngosi 6.4.2 - Nchegbu mmiri : A na-ewepụ 17% nke akụrụngwa mmiri mmeghari ohuru n'ụwa, mgbe etinyechara n'uche ihe ndị chọrọ ịgbasa gburugburu ebe obibi (SDG egosi 6.4.2, 2018)
  • ihe ngosi 6.5.1 - njikwa akụrụngwa mmiri jikọtara ọnụ : 54% bụ ogo nke mmejuputa iwu njikwa akụrụngwa mmiri (IWRM) na ọkwa ụwa (SDG egosi 6.5.1, 2017-2020)
  • Ihe ngosi 6.5.2 - imekọ ihe ọnụ mmiri : 58% nke mpaghara mmiri na-agafe agafe nwere nhazi ọrụ maka imekọ ihe ọnụ mmiri (SDG 6.5.2, 2020)
  • Ihe ngosi 6.6.1 - Usoro gburugburu ebe obibi metụtara mmiri : N'ọkwa zuru ụwa ọnụ, a kọwapụtaghị data obodo zuru oke na 2016 iji chọpụta mgbanwe n'ókè nke gburugburu ebe obibi metụtara mmiri (SDG egosi 6.6.1)
  • egosi 6.a.1 - Mmekọrịta mba ụwa : 9.3 b$ bụ ego zuru ụwa ọnụ nke enyemaka mmepe gọọmentị metụtara mmiri na ịdị ọcha enwetara na 2019 (SDG egosi 6.a.1)
  • egosi 6.b.1 - nsonye obodo : A na-atụle nsonye obodo site n'ọtụtụ ihe ngosi nke na-ejikọtaghị n'otu uru n'ozuzu ya (SDG 6 egosi 6.b.1)

Na 2015, Sustainable Development Solutions Network (2015, p. 7) dere na ihe ngosi siri ike ga-eme ihe abụọ: mee ka ebumnuche SDG rụọ ọrụ dị ka ngwá ọrụ nchịkwa iji nyere mba na obodo ụwa aka ịmepụta atụmatụ mmejuputa ihe àmà na-egosi ma kesaa ihe onwunwe ya; ma mee dị ka kaadị akụkọ iji tụọ ọganihu SDG. [37]

Ntụnyere ihe ngosi SDG 6 ndị a na ọkwa mba na-enye anyị ohere inyocha ọganihu nke mba dị iche iche n'ihe gbasara SDG.

Dịka ọmụmaatụ: Na Canada, 99% nke ndị bi na ya na-eji ọrụ mmiri ọ drinkingụ drinkingụ a na-achịkwa nke ọma (egosi SDG 6.1.1, 2020); 84% nke ndị bi na ya na-eji ọrụ idebe ihe ọcha na-achịkwa nke ọma (egosi SDG 6.2.1a, 2020);

A na-edozi 82% nke mmiri mkpofu ụlọ na Canada nke ọma (egosi SDG 6.3.1, 2020), wdg. [40] Site n'ịtụle ihe ngosi ndị a dị n'elu, nke a na-egosi na Canada arụpụtala nnukwu nsonaazụ n'inweta SDG 6.

Ụkwụ mmiri

Akara ụkwụ mmiri na-egosi oke ojiji mmiri n'ihe gbasara oriri ndị mmadụ. [41]

Akara ukwu mmiri (WF) bụ ihe nrịbama nwere ọtụtụ akụkụ, na-atụ ma oriri mmiri (WF na-eri nri) na mmetọ mmiri (WF na-emebi emebi). WF na-eri nri na-ekewa n'ime WF ndụ ndụ, na-atụ oriri nke mmiri ozuzo, yana WF na-acha anụnụ anụnụ, na-atụ oriri nke mmiri ala ma ọ bụ mmiri elu. [42] Kedu ka akara ụkwụ mmiri nwere ike isi nyere aka nyochaa ọganihu na SDG 6.3 na 6.4?

  • Akara ukwu mmiri isi awọ nwere ike ịbụ ihe ngosi dị mkpa maka ịlele ọganihu na ebumnuche 6.3. Enwere ike igosipụta akara ukwu mmiri isi awọ n'usoro nke oke mmiri emetọọ n'otu nkeji nke usoro ma ọ bụ ngwaahịa akọwapụtara.
  • Ụkwụ mmiri na-acha anụnụ anụnụ nwere ike ịbụ ihe ngosi dị mkpa maka ịlele ọganihu na ebumnuche 6.4. Enwere ike igosipụta akara ukwu mmiri na-acha anụnụ anụnụ n'usoro nke oke mmiri a na-eri kwa nkeji nke otu usoro ma ọ bụ ngwaahịa.

Ọganihu nke Water Action Afọ iri

2005-2015: Mmiri maka Ndụ

Ebumnuche bụ isi nke ' Water for Life ' bụ ịkwalite mbọ iji mezuo nkwa mba ụwa emere n'ihe metụtara mmiri na mmiri. Nkwenye ndị a gụnyere ebumnuche mmepe nke Millennium iji belata ọkara ọkara nke ndị mmadụ na-enwetaghị mmiri ọñụñụ dị ọcha n'afọ 2015 na ịkwụsị iji mmiri na-eme ihe na-adịghị adịgide adịgide. Na Mgbakọ Mba Ụwa na Johannesburg na 2002, a nakweere ihe mgbaru ọsọ abụọ ọzọ: iji bu n'obi ịmepụta usoro nhazi mmiri na nhazi mmiri site na 2005 na ibelata ọkara, site na 2015, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị na-enweghị ohere ịdị ọcha. Ụbọchị Mmiri Ụwa, 22 Maachị 2005, bụ akara mmalite nke afọ iri nke 'Water for Life'.

2018-2028: Ịkwụsị nsogbu mmiri zuru ụwa ọnụ

Mbelata 40% na akụrụngwa mmiri dị ọhụrụ site na 2030 yana ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi n'ụwa na-arị elu dịka atụmatụ ugbu a siri dị ka ụwa na-eche maka nsogbu mmiri zuru ụwa ọnụ. N'ịghọta ihe ịma aka na-eto eto, UN General Assembly weputara Water Action Decade n'ihu ọha International Decade for Action "Water for Sustainable Development" na 22 Maachị 2018, iji chịkọta ihe ga-enyere aka gbanwee otú anyị si ejikwa mmiri. [43] Afọ iri ọhụrụ ahụ ga-elekwasị anya na mmepe na-adịgide adịgide na njikwa njikọ nke akụrụngwa mmiri maka mmezu nke ebumnuche mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe, akụ na ụba na gburugburu ebe obibi yana mmejuputa na nkwalite mmemme na ọrụ ndị metụtara ya, yana ịkwalite nkwado na mmekorita na ọkwa niile. iji nyere aka nweta ebumnuche na ebumnuche metụtara mmiri nke mba ụwa kwenyere, gụnyere ndị dị na 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development . [43]

Njikọ na SDG ndị ọzọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

SDGs na-adabere nke ukwuu. Ya mere, inye mmiri dị ọcha na idebe ihe ọcha maka mmadụ niile bụ ihe mmalite iji nweta ọtụtụ n'ime SDG ndị ọzọ. [44] Ndị ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara ịsa ahụ ekwuola na ọ bụrụ na ọ nweghị ọganihu na ebumnuche 6, a gaghị enwe ike imezu ebumnuche ndị ọzọ na ebumnuche. [45] [46]

Dịka ọmụmaatụ, nkwalite ịdị ọcha nwere ike ibute ọtụtụ ọrụ ( SDG 8 ) nke ga-edugakwa na uto akụ na ụba. [47] Ọganihu SDG 6 na-eme ka ahụike dịkwuo mma ( SDG 3 ) na ikpe ziri ezi nke ọha mmadụ ( SDG 16 ). [48] Iweghachi ihe ndị dị na excreta na mmiri mkpofu (dị ka nri, mmiri na ike) na-enye aka nweta SDG 12 ( oriri na-adịgide adịgide na mmepụta ) na SDG 2 (kwụsị agụụ). Ịhụ na ịdị ọcha zuru oke na njikwa mmiri mkpofu n'akụkụ dum uru dị n'ime obodo na-enye aka na SDG 11 ( obodo na obodo na-adigide ) na SDG 1 (enweghị ịda ogbenye). [47]

Sistemu idebe ihe ọcha nwere mgbake akụrụngwa na mgbake ọzọ na-enweta nlebara anya. [49] Ha nwere ike inye aka n'inweta opekata mpe iri na anọ nke SDG, ọkachasị n'ime obodo. [47]

Ụlọ ọrụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA) emeela ka ọ bụrụ ọrụ ya iji nyere aka nweta ebumnuche 6.2 na 6.3. [50] [51] Òtù zuru ụwa ọnụ dị ka Oxfam, UNICEF, WaterAid na ọtụtụ obere NGO yana mahadum, ụlọ ọrụ nyocha, ụlọ ọrụ nkeonwe, ụlọ ọrụ gọọmenti nwere wdg bụ akụkụ nke SuSanA ma raara onwe ya nye iji nweta SDG 6. [52]

Ụlọ ọrụ dabere na US[edit][dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Na US enwere ihe karịrị puku ụlọ ọrụ na-akwụ ụtụ isi atọ na-arụ ọrụ n'okwu metụtara UN SDG 6, dịka data etinyere na Ọrụ Internal Revenue Service -IRS yana nke X4Impact gbakọtara. [53] X4Impact, site na nkwado nke Rockefeller Foundation, Ford Foundation, [54] Hewlett Foundation, [55] na Ịnye Tech Labs, kere ngwá ọrụ ntanetị n'efu dị ọcha na mmiri dị ọcha na US . Ngwá ọrụ dị n'ịntanetị a na-enyere ndị ọrụ aka ịhụ ihe ngosi mmiri na ịdị ọcha metụtara mba na steeti yana ozi dị mkpa maka ụlọ ọrụ karịrị puku atọ na-akwụ ụtụ isi na US na-arụ ọrụ n'okwu metụtara UN SDG 6. A na-emelite data abaghị uru na ngwaọrụ ahụ kwa ụbọchị 15 ka a na-emelite ihe ngosi kwa afọ.

Ntụaka[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

1. Mycoo, M. A. (2018, February). Inweta SDG 6: nkwado nke ihe onwunwe mmiri na Caribbean Small Island Developing States site na nchịkwa mmiri ka mma. Na Natural Resources Forum (Mpịakọta 42, Nke 1, peeji nke 54-68). Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Delany-Crowe, T., Marinova, D., Fisher, M., McGreevy, M., & Baum, F. (2019). Iwu Australia banyere njikwa mmiri na mgbanwe ihu igwe: ha na-akwado ebumnuche mmepe na-adịgide adịgide na imeziwanye ahụike na ọdịmma?. Ịmekọrịta ụwa na ahụike, 15 (1), 1-15. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Ohere na ihe ịma aka maka nkwado nke ọdọ mmiri na ọdọ mmiri n'ihe gbasara ebumnuche mmepe na-adịgide adịgide (SDGs). Mmiri, 11 (7), 1462. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Mmepụta mmanụ na mmetụta ya na nchekwa nri na mba ndị na-enweta ego dị ala na nke dị n'etiti: Mmetụta maka ebumnuche mmepe na-adịgide adịgide na-esote 2015. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 78, 503-516. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Mmiri na ahụike seminarị na mbipụta pụrụ iche na-eme ka echiche ndị ga-agbanwe mpaghara ahụ pụta ìhè. Akwụkwọ akụkọ mba ụwa nke ịdị ọcha na ahụike gburugburu ebe obibi, 226, 113529. Ntuziaka Nlekọta Jikọtara maka Mmepe Na-adịgide Adịgide Ihe Ebumnuche 6 na Mmiri na Medo Mmiri - Ebumnucha na ihe ngosi ụwa [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Global Water Funding: Innovation na arụmọrụ dị ka ndị na-enyere aka maka nchekwa, nchekwa na ọnụ ala. Springer International Publishing. Ọganihu na imekọ ihe ọnụ mmiri mba ụwa (SDG target 6.A). Ihe na-egosi SDG 6 Data. (n.d.Ọpụpụ ọzọ

Njikọ mpụga[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Àtụ:Offline

  1. ↑ Goal 6: Clean water and sanitation. UNDP. Retrieved on 28 September 2015.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 United Nations (2017) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017, Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (A/RES/71/313)
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 United Nations (2018). Sustainable Development Goal. 6, Synthesis report 2018 on water and sanitation. United Nations, New York. ISBN 9789211013702. OCLC 1107804829. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Goal 6 | Department of Economic and Social Affairs. sdgs.un.org. Retrieved on 2020-09-02.
  5. ↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 United Nations Economic and Social Council (2020) Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals Report of the Secretary-General, High-level political forum on sustainable development, convened under the auspices of the Economic and Social Council (E/2020/57), 28 April 2020
  6. ↑ The impact of covid 19 on water and sanitation.
  7. ↑ Blazhevska (11 July 2020). United Nations launches framework to speed up progress on water and sanitation goal (en-US). United Nations Sustainable Development. Retrieved on 2020-09-02.
  8. ↑ World Water Development Report 2019 - Leaving No One Behind (en). UNESCO (2019-02-11). Retrieved on 2019-08-01.
  9. ↑ (28 July 2014) Progress on sanitation and drinking-water: 2014 update. ISBN 9789240692817. OCLC 889699199. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8 Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named UNICEF_WHO_Progress_201906
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 WHO and UNICEF (2017) Progress on Drinking Water, Sanitation and Hygiene: 2017 Update and SDG Baselines. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), 2017
  12. ↑ Progress for Every Child in the SDG Era. UNICEF. Retrieved on 2 April 2018.
  13. ↑ Kellogg (2017). "The Global Sanitation Crisis: A Role for Business", Beyond the bottom line: integrating sustainability into business and management practice, Gudić, Milenko,, Tan, Tay Keong,, Flynn, Patricia M., Saltaire, UK: Greenleaf Publishing. ISBN 9781783533275. OCLC 982187046. 
  14. ↑ SDG6 action space.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Goal 6 Targets. United Nations Development Programme. Archived from the original on 19 February 2018. Retrieved on 16 November 2017.
  16. ↑ SDGs. Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform. Retrieved on 17 November 2017.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 United Nations (2018). Sustainable Development Goal. 6, Synthesis report 2018 on water and sanitation. United Nations, New York. ISBN 9789211013702. OCLC 1107804829. 
  18. ↑ Ritchie, Roser, Mispy, Ortiz-Ospina (2018) "Measuring progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals." (SDG 6) SDG-Tracker.org, website
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 Special edition: progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals. Report of the Secretary-General.. undocs.org. Retrieved on 2019-11-21.
  20. ↑ Summary Progress Update 2021: SDG 6 — water and sanitation for all (en-US). UN-Water. Retrieved on 2021-12-18.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 21.4 21.5 21.6 United Nations (2017) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017, Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (A/RES/71/313)
  22. ↑ Progress for Every Child in the SDG Era. UNICEF. Retrieved on 2 April 2018.
  23. ↑ BMGF (2020) Covid-19 A Global Perspective - 2020 Goalkeepers Report, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, USA
  24. ↑ Abellán (2022). "Promoting global access to water and sanitation: A supply and demand perspective" (in en). Water Resources and Economics 38: 100194. DOI:10.1016/j.wre.2022.100194. 
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 United Nations Economic and Social Council (2019) Special edition: progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals, Report of the Secretary-General (E/2019/68), High-level political forum on sustainable development, convened under the auspices of the Economic and Social Council (8 May 2019)
  26. ↑ Heidari (2021). "Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Urban Water Cycle" (in en). Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research 2 (3): 1. DOI:10.21926/aeer.2103021. 
  27. ↑ Staddon (3 July 2020). "Water insecurity compounds the global coronavirus crisis". Water International 45 (5): 416–422. DOI:10.1080/02508060.2020.1769345. 
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 Martin. Water and Sanitation (en-US). United Nations Sustainable Development. Retrieved on 2020-09-25.
  29. ↑ Impact of Covid-19 on SDG Goal 6: Clean Water and Sanitation (en). Times of India Blog (2020-06-08). Retrieved on 2020-09-25.
  30. ↑ The sustainable development goals report 2020.
  31. ↑ Bo (2021). "Additional surface-water deficit to meet global universal water accessibility by 2030" (in en). Journal of Cleaner Production 320 (3). DOI:10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128829. 
  32. ↑ Labat (2018). "Measuring Progressive Realization of Sustainable Development Goal 6 A Review of Implementation Outcomes for Improvement" (in en). University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 1 (1): 29. DOI:10.17615/tmpr-5f64. 
  33. ↑ World Health Organization (2019). "UN-Water GLAAS 2019: National systems to support drinking-water, sanitation and hygiene – Global status report 2019" (in en). UN Water 1 (1): 144. 
  34. ↑ Cai (2021). "Match words with deeds: Curbing water risk with the Sustainable Development Goal 6 index" (in en). Journal of Cleaner Production 318 (4): 14. DOI:10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128509. 
  35. ↑ Libey (2020). "Who pays for water? Comparing life cycle costs of water services among several low, medium and high-income utilities" (in en). World Development 136: 13. DOI:10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105155. 
  36. ↑ Nkiaka (2021). "Water security in sub-Saharan Africa: Understanding the status of sustainable development goal 6" (in en). WIREs Water 8 (6): 13. DOI:10.1002/wat2.1552. 
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 Guppy (2019-03-01). "Sustainable development goal 6: two gaps in the race for indicators" (in en). Sustainability Science 14 (2): 501–513. DOI:10.1007/s11625-018-0649-z. ISSN 1862-4057. 
  38. ↑ Bhaduri (2016). "Achieving Sustainable Development Goals from a Water Perspective". Frontiers in Environmental Science 4: 64. DOI:10.3389/fenvs.2016.00064. ISSN 2296-665X. 
  39. ↑ Snapshots | SDG 6 Data. www.sdg6data.org. Retrieved on 2021-10-23.
  40. ↑ Country (or area) | SDG 6 Data. www.sdg6data.org. Retrieved on 2021-10-23.
  41. ↑ Hoekstra (2007-01-01). "Water footprints of nations: Water use by people as a function of their consumption pattern" (in en). Water Resources Management 21 (1): 35–48. DOI:10.1007/s11269-006-9039-x. ISSN 1573-1650. 
  42. ↑ Hoekstra (June 2017). "Advancing Water Footprint Assessment Research: Challenges in Monitoring Progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 6" (in en). Water 9 (6): 438. DOI:10.3390/w9060438. 
  43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 Martin. Water Action Decade (en-US). United Nations Sustainable Development. Retrieved on 2021-10-23.
  44. ↑ Sustainable sanitation and the SDGs: interlinkages and opportunities. Sustainable Sanitation Alliance Knowledge Hub (16 November 2017). Archived from the original on 2017-11-17. Retrieved on 16 November 2017.
  45. ↑ Rao Gupta (October 2015). Opinion: "Sanitation, Water & Hygiene For All" Cannot Wait for 2030. Inter Press. Retrieved on 23 October 2015.
  46. ↑ Batty (25 September 2015). Beyond the SDGs: How to deliver water and sanitation to everyone, everywhere. Retrieved on 23 October 2015.
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 47.2 Andersson (2016-12-08). "Towards "Sustainable" Sanitation: Challenges and Opportunities in Urban Areas" (in en). Sustainability 8 (12): 1289. DOI:10.3390/su8121289. 
  48. ↑ Press release – UN General Assembly's Open Working Group proposes sustainable development goals. Sustainabledevelopment.un.org (19 July 2014). Retrieved on 2016-10-18.
  49. ↑ Paranipe (14 November 2017). The rise of the sanitation economy: how business can help solve a global crisis. Thomson Reuters Foundation News. Retrieved on 14 November 2017.
  50. ↑ Vision. Sustainable Sanitation Alliance. Retrieved on 16 November 2017.
  51. ↑ Contribution of sustainable sanitation to the Agenda 2030 for sustainable development - SuSanA Vision Document 2017. SuSanA, Eschborn, Germany (2017). Archived from the original on 2017-11-16.
  52. ↑ Contribution of sustainable sanitation to the Agenda 2030 for sustainable development - SuSanA Vision Document 2017. SuSanA, Eschborn, Germany (2017).
  53. ↑ Press Release: X4Impact, a Market Intelligence Platform for Social Innovation, Announced U.S. Launch During the 2020 Un General Assembly - NextBillion (en-US). nextbillion.net. Retrieved on 2021-11-16.
  54. ↑ X4Impact. Ford Foundation Fuels Tech for the Public Interest with X4Impact (en). www.prnewswire.com. Retrieved on 2021-11-16.
  55. ↑ Press Release: Hewlett Foundation Becomes X4Impact Founding Partner to Advance Technology for the Public Interest With Focus on Entrepreneurs Creating Tech for Good Solutions - NextBillion (en-US). nextbillion.net. Retrieved on 2021-11-16.
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