Thutmose (sculptor)

Thutmose

mmádu

ụdịekere	nwoke
mba o sị	Ijipùtù Ọkpụ
aha enyere	Thutmose
ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya	15. century BCE, 14. century BCE
Ụbọchị ọnwụ ya	unknown value
ọrụ ọ na-arụ	onye na-akpụ ihe ọkpụkpụ
Ọrụ ama ama	Nefertiti Bust
Ije	Amarna art
Nwere ọrụ na mkpokọta	Neues Museum, Egyptian Museum of Berlin
ikike nwebiisinka dị ka onye okike	copyrights on works have expired

Thutmose, nke a makwaara dị ka "Onye Eze ahụ hụrụ n'anya na Onye Nlekọta Ọrụ, Onye na-akpụ ihe Thutmosis" (nke a na-akpọkwa Djhutmose, Thutmosis, na Thutmes), bụ onye na-ese Ihe n'Ijipt oge ochie. Ọ nwere ọganihu n'ihe dị ka 1350 BC, a na-eche na ọ bụ onye na-ese ihe n'ụlọ ikpe nke Fero Akhenaten nke Ijipt n'akụkụ ikpeazụ nke ọchịchị ya. Njem nchọpụta ihe ochie nke ndị Germany na-egwu n'obodo Akhetaten, nke a maara taa dị ka Amarna, chọtara ụlọ na ụlọ ọrụ mebiri emebi (nke a na-akpọ P47.1-3) na mbido Disemba 1912; a chọpụtara ụlọ ahụ dị ka nke Thutmose dabere na ihe na-egbuke egbuke nke ịnyịnya ọdụ́ a hụrụ n'ime olulu ihe mkpofu n'ogige nke e dere aha ya na aha ọrụ ya. Ebe ọ bụ na o nyere ọrụ ya dị ka "onye na-ese ihe" nakwa ebe ọ bu na ụlọ ahụ bụ n'ụzọ doro anya ụlọ ọrụ na-akpu ihe ọkpụkpụ, mkpebi ahụ yiri ka ọ bụ ihe ezi uche dị na ya ma gosipụta na ọ ziri ezi.

Ọrụ ndị a chọtara

Bust nke Nefertiti nke Thutmose gosipụtara na Neues Museum na Berlin

N'etiti ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ a tụrụ atụ e nwetara n'otu oge ahụ bụ bust polychrome nke Nefertiti, o doro anya na ọ bụ nnukwu ọmụmụ maka ndị ọzọ iji depụtaghachi, nke a chọtara n'ala nke ụlọ nkwakọba ihe. Na mgbakwunye na bust a a ma ama ugbu a, iri abụọ na abụọ nke ụfọdụ n'ime ha bụ isi zuru ezu, ndị ọzọ bụ naanị ihu a hụrụ na ụlọ ime nke ịrị na asatọ na ịrị na itoolu nke ụlọ ihe nkiri ahụ, yana otu ọzọ a chọtara na ime ụlọ nke ịrị na anọ. A chọpụtala asatọ n'ime ndị a dị ka ndị ezinụlọ eze dị iche iche, nke gụnyere Akhenaten, nwunye ya nke ọzọ Kiya, nna ya nwụrụ anwụ Amenhotep III, na onye nọchiri ya bụ Ay. Ndị fọdụrụ na-amaghị ama, ikekwe ndị bi na Amarna.

Akụkụ abụọ a chọtara n'ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-egosi ihe oyiyi nke ụmụ nwanyị ndị okenye, ihe a na-adịghị ahụkebe na nka Ijipt oge ochie, nke na-egosipụtakarị ụmụ nwanyị n'ụzọ e chepụtara echepụta dị ka ndị na-eto eto, ndị dị gịrịgịrị, na ndị mara mma. Otu n'ime ihu plaster na-egosi nwanyị meworo agadi, na agba na nkuku anya ya, akpa n'okpuru ha, na ihu dị omimi. A kọwaala mpempe akwụkwọ a dị ka ihe na-egosi "ọtụtụ ihe dị iche iche karịa ihe ngosi ọ bụla ọzọ nke nwanyị a ma ama si n'Ijipt nke oge ochie". A na-eche na ọ na-anọchite anya onyinyo nke nwanyị maara ihe, okenye. A chọpụtakwara obere ihe oyiyi nke Nefertiti meworo agadi n'ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, na-egosi ya na afọ gbara gburugburu, na-ada ada, apata ụkwụ buru ibu, na akara gbagọrọ agbagọ n'ala afọ ya na-egosi na ọ mụrụ ọtụtụ ụmụ, ikekwe ebumnuche ya bụ ịmepụta onyinyo ọmụmụ.

Enwere ike ịhụ ihe atụ nke ọrụ ya e nwetara n'ụlọ ọrụ ya a gbahapụrụ agbahapụ na Egyptian Museum nke Berlin, Egyptian Museum na Cairo, na Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City. Mgbe Akhenaten nwụrụ, e weghachiri oche gọọmentị site na Amarna gaa na Thebes na ụlọ ọrụ bureaucratic na ọkachamara ndị metụtara ya sochiri.

Ili

N'afọ 1996, onye France na-amụ banyere Ijipt Alain Zivie chọpụtara na Saqqara. Ọ chọpụtara ili e ji nkume chọọ mma nke "isi ndị na-ese ihe n'ebe eziokwu", Thutmose. Ili ahụ malitere n'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe Oge Amarna gasịrị. Ọ bụ ezie na aha Thutmose na Saqqara dịtụ iche na aha Thuthmose nke a maara site na Amarna, o yiri ka ha na-arutu aka n'otu onye ahụ nakwa na utu aha dị iche iche na-anọchite anya ọkwa dị iche iche n'ọrụ ya.

Akụkọ sara mbara nke Zivie dere na mbipụta July Tian August 2018 nke Biblical Archaeology Review na-enye nkọwa zuru ezu na ọtụtụ ihe oyiyi nke ihe ndị e nwetara n'ili dị nso, mkparịta ụka banyere ọtụtụ akụkụ nke ọtụtụ isiokwu gbasara nyocha na njirimara ndị Ijipt oge ochie, yana ozi gbasara onye na-ese ihe, Thutmose.

Ihe osise

• Ihe osise nke Akhenaten (ma ọ bụ ma eleghị anya onye nọchiri ya Smenkhkare) site na ụlọ ọrụ nke onye na-ese ihe Thutmose, na-egosi na Ägyptisches Museum Berlin -->
  Ihe osise nke Akhenaten (ma ọ bụ ma eleghị anya onye nọchiri ya Smenkhkare) site na ụlọ ọrụ nke onye na-ese ihe Thutmose, na-egosi na Ägyptisches Museum Berlin -->
• 
  Ihu plaster nke nwanyị meworo okenye n'oge Amarna, site na ngwụcha ọchịchị Akhenaten, afọ 14X17, site na ụlọ ọrụ nke onye na-ese ihe Thutmose, na-egosi na Ägyptisches Museum
• 
  Ihu plaster nke nwa agbọghọ Amarna, (ọtụtụ ndị chere na ọ na-anọchite anya Kiya, otu n'ime ndị nwunye Akhenaten), site na ngwụcha ọchịchị Akhenaten, afọ 14X17, site na ụlọ ọrụ nke onye na-ese ihe Thutmose, na-egosi na Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City
• 
  Nnyocha foto nke e chere na ọ na-anọchite anya Kiya, nwunye nke abụọ nke Fero Akhenaten, nke a chọtara n'ime ụlọ ọrụ nke onye na-ese ihe n'obí eze Thutmose na Amarna, nke bụzi akụkụ nke Egyptian Museum of Berlin collection
• 
  Nnyocha foto nke e chere na ọ na-anọchite anya Amenhotep nke Atọ, nna Fero Akhenaten, chọtara n'ime ụlọ ọrụ nke onye na-ese ihe n'obí eze Thutmose na Amarna, nke bụzi akụkụ nke Egyptian Museum of Berlin collection
• 
  Nnyocha ihe osise plaster nke e chere na ọ na-anọchite anya onye nọchiri Fero Ay, akụkụ nke Egyptian Museum of Berlin collection
• 
  Ihe oyiyi nke Queen Nefertiti sụgharịrị na limestone site na ụlọ ọrụ nke onye na-ese ihe Thutmose, na-egosi na Egyptian Museum nke Berlin
• 
  Nnyocha ihe osise plaster nke e chere na ọ na-anọchite anya Queen Nefertiti, nwunye mbụ nke Fero Akhenaten, nke a chọtara n'ime ụlọ ọrụ nke onye na-ese ihe n'obí eze Thutmose na Amarna, nke bụzi akụkụ nke Egyptian Museum of Berlin
• 
  Ihe oyiyi granite nke isi nke Queen Nefertiti, site na ụlọ ọrụ nke onye na-ese ihe Thutmose, na-egosi na Egyptian Museum nke Berlin

Ihe edeturu n'okpuru ala

Akwụkwọ ọgụgụ

• Dodson (2009). Amarna Sunset: Nefertiti, Tutankhamun, Ay, Horemheb, and the Egyptian Counter-Reformation. The American University in Cairo Press. ISBN 978-977-416-304-3. 
• Krauss (2008). "Why Nefertiti Went to Berlin". KMT 19 (3): 44–53. 
• Tyldesley (2006). Chronicle of the Queens of Egypt. Thames & Hudson. ISBN 0-500-05145-3. 
• Sweeney (2004). "Forever Young? The Representation of Older and Ageing Women in Ancient Egyptian Art". Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 41: 67–84. DOI:10.2307/20297188. 
• Cyril Aldred, Akhenaten: Eze Ijipt (Thames na Hudson, 1988), peeji nke 59.
• Rita E. Freed, Yvonne J. Markowitz, Sue H. D'Auria, Fero nke Anyanwụ: Akhenaten - Nefertiti - Tutankhamen (Museum of Fine Arts, 1999), peeji nke 123[[126.

Njikọ mpụga

• Onye na-ese ihe Thutmoseo Complex on image comparisons, Rifkind's World