Tony Frangieh

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Tony Frangieh



طوني فرنجية
Usòrò:Tony Frangieh.jpg
Personal details
Born (1941-09-01)1 September 1941



Zgharta, Greater Lebanon, Mandate for Syria and Lebanon
Died 13 June 1978(1978-06-13) (aged 36)



Ehden, Lebanon
Political party Marada Brigade
Spouse Vera Kordahi
Children Suleiman Frangieh



Jihane Frangieh
Tony Frangieh JR in 2022.jpg

  Antoine "Tony" Suleiman Frangieh (Arabic; 1 Septemba 1941 - 13 June 1978) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Lebanọn na onye isi ndị agha n'oge afọ ndị mbụ nke Agha Obodo Lebanọn. Ọ bụ nwa Suleiman Frangieh, onye bụbu onye isi ala Lebanọn.

Tony Frangieh bụ onye na-ekere òkè na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Lebanọn ma bụrụ onye otu Marada Brigade, otu ndị agha Ndị Kraịst nke nna ya guzobere na 1975.

Agụmakwụkwọ na mmalite ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Frangieh gụrụ akwụkwọ na College Des Frères Tripoli, nke mbụ na Tripoli mgbe ahụ na Beirut, na nke ikpeazụ site na 1958 ruo 1960. Ọ nọ na-aga n'ihu na agụmakwụkwọ ya tupu ọnwụ ya.

Frangieh malitere ọrụ ya na-arụ ọrụ ezinụlọ ya.[1] N'abalị iri abụọ na ise n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1970, ọ nọchiri nna ya, Suleiman Frangieh, dịka onye otu ndị omeiwu Lebanọn maka Zgharta, mgbe a họpụtara nna ya ka ọ bụrụ onye isi ala. A họpụtakwara ya ka ọ bụrụ minista na-ahụ maka ozi na nkwukọrịta na gọọmentị nna ya.[2]

Agha obodo[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Na ngwụcha afọ 1960, mgbe òtù dị n'ime Lebanọn malitere ịmepụta ndị agha, ezinụlọ Frangieh guzobere Marada Brigade, nke a makwaara dị ka Zgharta Liberation Army (ZLA), n'okpuru iwu Tony Frangieh.[1] Marada / ZLA na-arụ ọrụ na Tripoli na ugwu Lebanọn, isi ezinụlọ Frangieh.

Agha Obodo Lebanọn hụrụ ọtụtụ njikọ aka na-agbanwe agbanwe ebe ndị enyi nke taa ghọrọ ndị iro nke echi. Otu n'ime esemokwu dị otú ahụ mere n'etiti agbụrụ abụọ na-eduga Maronite, ndị Frangiehs na ndị Gemayels. Ndị Frangiehs, ndị dị nso na Siria, katọrọ njikọ aka na-eto eto nke onye isi ndị agha Phalangist Kataeb Regulatory Forces bụ Bachir Gemayel na Israel.[1] Ndị agha si na Phalange RF na Marada na-ese okwu maka nchebe.

Esemokwu a dugara na ogbugbu nke Tony Frangieh, nwunye ya, Vera (née el Kordahi), na nwa ya nwanyị dị afọ atọ Jihane site n'aka ndị agha Phalangist, nke a maara dị ka ogbugbu Ehden.[3] Nwa ya nwoke, Suleiman, nọ na Beirut n'oge ogbugbu ahụ.[4][5][6]

N'okpuru ọchịchịrị na 13 June 1978, otu ndị Phalangist 1,200 nke Elie Hobeika na Samir Geagea duziri, wakporo ma gbuo Tony Frangieh na ezinụlọ ya, si otú a wepụ otu n'ime ndị na-agba mbọ maka ike ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'etiti ndị Kraịst Lebanọn.

Suleiman Frangieh ṅụghị iyi ịbọ ọbọ. Dị ka o kwuru na ihe ngosi na ụlọ ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Lebanọn a na-akpọ 'OTV', "Nke ahụ bụ ihe gara aga ma a ghaghị ichefu ya, anaghị m achọ ịbọ ọbọ n'ihi na Chineke bụ naanị onye ọka ikpe, ya mere akọ na uche ha ga-enye ha nsogbu ruo ndụ ha niile".

Ọtụtụ ndị na-akọwa ihe na-ewere ogbugbu Tony Frangieh dị ka otu n'ime ihe kpatara ogologo oge nke Agha Obodo Lebanọn na dị ka mmalite nke nkewa miri emi n'etiti Ndị Kraịst Lebanọn. Ihe dị ka mmadụ 20,000 na-eru uju gara olili ozu ya, gụnyere Praịm Minista Lebanọn Salim Hoss na 14 June 1978.[7][8]

Ndụ onwe onye[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Frangieh mụrụ ụmụ abụọ, Suleiman Frangieh Jr. na Jihane, na Vera Frangieh, onye ọ lụrụ na 1962. Nwa ya nwoke Suleiman ghọrọ Minista nke Ahụike Ọha mgbe ọ dị afọ 22, ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka Minista nke Interior site na 2004 ruo 2005. A maara ya na ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Marada Brigade na 1980s.

Hụkwa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  • Ndepụta nke ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Lebanọn e gburu
  • Ndepụta mwakpo na Lebanọn

Ihe odide[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Itamar Rabinovich (1985). The War for Lebanon, 1970-1985. Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-9313-3.  Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Rabinovich1985" defined multiple times with different content
  2. ↑ Antoine (Tony) Frangieh. PWIP Database. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved on 15 June 2012.
  3. ↑ P. Edward Haley (1979). Lebanon in Crisis: Participants and Issues. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0-8156-2210-9. 
  4. ↑ Hoy and Ostrovsky. (1990). By Way of Deception, p. 302.
  5. ↑ Katz, Russel, and Volstad. (1985). Armies in Lebanon, p. 8.
  6. ↑ O'Ballance. (1998). Civil War in Lebanon, p. 79.
  7. ↑ "Lebanon's ex-leader vows retribution for slain son", The Palm Beach Post, 15 June 1978. Retrieved on 6 November 2012.
  8. ↑ Edgar O'Ballance (1998). Civil War in Lebanon, 1975-92. Palgrave. ISBN 9780312215934. 

Ịgụ ihe ọzọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  • Claire Hoy na Victor Ostrovsky, site n'ụzọ aghụghọ: The Making and Unmaking of a Mossad Officer, St. Martin's Press, New York 1990.  ISBN 0-9717595-0-2
  • Denise Ammoun, Histoire du Liban contemporain: Mpịakọta 2 1943-1990, Fayard, Paris 2005. 
  • Fawwaz Traboulsi, A History of Modern Lebanon: mbipụta nke abụọ, Pluto Press, London 2012.  ISBN 978-0745332741
  • Robert Fisk, Pity the Nation: Lebanon at War, London: Oxford University Press, (3rd ed. 2001).  ISBN 0-19-280130-9
  • [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]  ISBN 978-2-13-045801-2 (n'asụsụ French)
  • Samuel M. Katz, Lee E. Russel, na Ron Volstad, Armies in Lebanon 1982-84, Men-at-Arms series 165, Osprey Publishing, London 1985.  ISBN 0-85045-602-9
  • [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]  ISBN 978-2865374991 (n'asụsụ French)
  • [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]  ISBN 1-55546-834-9

Njikọ mpụga[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

 

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