Jump to content

Vera Chirwa

Shí Wikipedia, njikotá édémédé nke onyobulạ

 

Vera Chirwa
mmádu
ụdịekerenwanyị Dezie
mba o sịMalawi Dezie
aha enyereVera Dezie
ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya26 Mee 1932 Dezie
Ebe ọmụmụNyasaland Dezie
Dị/nwunyeOrton Chirwa Dezie
convicted oftreason Dezie
ọrụ ọ na-arụOnye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, onye ọka iwu, onye na-akwado ikike mmadụ Dezie
ihe omume dị ịrịba amaOnye mkpọrọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Dezie
Ihe nriteGeuzenpenning Dezie

Vera Mlangazua Chirwa (amuru 26 Mee 1932) bu onye okaiwu amuru Malawi na onye na-akwado ikike mmadu na obodo. Ọ bụ onye ọkaiwu nwanyị mbụ Malawi na onye guzobere otu Malawi Congress Party na Nyasaland African Women's League. Ọ lụrụ ọgụ maka ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ọtụtụ ndị na Malawi ma bo ya ebubo ịgba ọchịchị mgba okpuru, Onye isi ala Kamuzu Banda mara ya ikpe ọnwụ. [1] Ọ nọrọ afọ 12 n'ụlọ ikpe ọnwụ. [2] Ọ lụrụ onye ọka iwu Orton Chirwa, Minista na-ahụ maka ikpe ziri ezi na Attorney General nke Malawi, onye mechara nwụọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ. [2]

Ndụ mbido

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

A mụrụ Vera Chirwa na Malawi (mgbe ahụ Nyasaland) na 26 Mee 1932.

Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Na mbido 1950s, Vera Chirwa sonyeere Rose Chibambo guzobe otu Nyasaland African Women's League, nke ya na Nyasaland African Congress rụkọrọ ọrụ iji nweta nkewa nke Nyasaland na Federation Rhodesia na Nyasaland na-adịghị amasị ya. [3] Ọ ghọrọ onye ọkaiwu nwanyị mbụ Nyasaland, ma bụrụkwa onye guzobere otu Malawi Congress Party na 1959. [4] Mgbe Nyasaland nwetara ọchịchị onwe ya na 1961 wee bụrụ obodo nwere onwe ya nke Malawi afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị, Orton Chirwa, di Vera, ghọrọ onye isi na gọọmentị ọhụrụ ahụ dịka Minista nke Ikpe Ziri Ezi na Attorney General. [4]

Mgbe ya na Kamuzu Banda nwesịrị esemokwu, Chirwa na di ya kpọpụtara ndị iro nke steeti ahụ. [5]

Nchụpụ na ijide

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Banda manyere di na nwunye a ije biri na Tanzania ka izu ole na ole gachara. Ha bi na Tanzania, mana ha gara Zambia, Great Britain na United States of America. [6] N'uhuruchi ekeresimesi 1981, ndị ọrụ nchekwa Malawi tọọrọ Vera na Orton Chirwa n'ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Zambia wee kpọghachi ya na Malawi ka ha bo ya ebubo nke ịgba ọchịchị mgba okpuru. [2]

Ụlọikpe “omenala” gbara ndị Chirwa ikpe . Ndị ọka iwu abụọ ahụ, duziri agbachitere onwe ha, n'ihi na ụlọikpe ọdịnala ekweghị ndị ọka iwu na-agbachitere ikpe na-adị ọnwa abụọ n'ihu ndị ọka ikpe nke Dr. Banda họpụtara. Ihe omume a gosipụtara erughị eru na sistemụ. Ná ngwụsị nke mkpesa ha na 1983, ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta nke ndị ọkàikpe mkpegharị ikpe nwere ọzụzụ gbasara iwu megidere ikpe ikpe ahụ, mana ọtụtụ ndị isi ọdịnala kagburu ya. N'ụbọchị ikpe ahụ Vera weliri aka ya ka o kwuo okwu wee legide onye ọka iwu anya n'anya jụrụ ya ihe kpatara eboro ha. A machibidoro ịjụ ajụjụ n'ụlọikpe na nzaghachi ọ nwetara bụ, "Ọ dịghị ihe ọ bụla ma ọ bụghị gị bụ onye ọjọọ!". [2]

N'ikpe ha, ndị Chirwas kwuru na a tọọrọ ha na Zambia na Disemba 1981. Nke a na ebubo ha gbara izu ịkwatu ọchịchị na mpụga Malawi kwesịrị ịpụta na ụlọikpe ọdịnala enweghị ikike. A ka nwere ike ikpe ikpe ahụ n'Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke Malawi, ma ụlọikpe ahụ chọrọ ka e gosi na ha nwere ikpe ọmụma n'enweghị obi abụọ ọ bụla. Ikpe ịgba ọchịchị mgba okpuru nke Ụlọikpe Omenala Ndịda mpaghara nụchara megide Chirwas na 1983 gbadoro ụkwụ na akwụkwọ ejiri aka dee nke kwuru na achọtara ya n'akpa Vera mgbe e jidere ya, na “ọkachamara” onye uwe ojii gbara akaebe na ha nọ n'ezie na Orton. Aka ọdịde Chirwa. Okwu na-edeghị aha kwuru na ọ bụ Orton Chirwa kwuru, mana ọ jụrụ ya, na akwụkwọ ekwuru na ọ gbara ajụjụ ọnụ nke teepu ọ gbara, ekwetakwara dị ka ihe akaebe. Ihe akaebe a, dịka ọ dị, bụ ihe akaebe megide Orton Chirwa, ọ bụghị Vera. Naanị ihe e boro ya bụ na e kwuru na a chọtara akwụkwọ ndị ahụ n’akpa ya, nke ọ gọrọ agọ. E kweghị ndị Chirwa ịkpọ ndị akaebe sitere na mpụga Malawi ma mara ha abụọ ikpe ọnwụ. Mgbe ikpe ahụ gasịrị, a kpọgara di na nwunye ahụ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ etiti dị na Zomba. Dị ka Chirwa si kwuo, "N'ụzọ anyị gbaghaara ndị nyere akaebe ụgha, ndị ikpe na ọbụna President." Ọ bụ oge ikpeazụ ya na di ya mere njem ọnụ. [2]

Na mkpegharị nke Chirwas na National Traditional Court of Appeal, ọjụjụ nke ụlọikpe dị ala ikwe ka ndị akaebe agbachitere, nnabata ya na nkwupụta Orton Chirwa na-edeghị aha na nnabata onye uwe ojii dị ka onye akaebe ọkachamara ka a katọrọ ya niile, na ndị nta n'ime ndị ahụ. ndị ikpe anabataghị na o kere akwụkwọ ejiri aka edeghị akwụkwọ bụ ịgba ọchịchị mgba okpuru. Otú ọ dị, ụlọikpe mkpegharị ahụ bịara na nkwubi okwu na-eju anya na, ọ bụrụgodị na ụlọikpe omenala enweghị ikike n'iwu, ha nwere ikike omenala nke ikpe Chirwas, na (n'agbanyeghị adịghị ike dị na ụlọikpe nta na-ahụ maka ikpe ahụ), mkpebi ha. ziri ezi ma kwesiri iguzo. A kagburu ikpe ọnwụ ahụ, ma Orton Chirwa mechara nwụọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ.

Mkpọrọ na ntọhapụ

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ọnọdụ dị na ngalaba ụmụ nwanyị siri ike. [2] A tara Chirwa ahụhụ na ụdị obi ọjọọ ndị ọzọ. Ọ na-arahụ n'ala simenti, jụ iri nri ọjọọ ahụ, a jụkwara ya ndị ọbịa, akwụkwọ ozi di ya na ikike ịpụ apụ. [2] Ọ nọgidere n'ụlọ mkpọrọ n'ikpe ọnwụ ruo afọ 12 ma o nwere olileanya na a ga-ahapụ ya. [2] O kwuru na okwukwe ya nke Ndị Kraịst mere ka o nwee olileanya na okwukwe. [2]

N'afọ 1990, Amnesty International malitere ime ihe ngwa ngwa ịhapụ Orton na Vera Chirwa. N'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ 1992, mgbe e kwere ka ndị nnọchiteanya nke ndị ọkachamara n'iwu Britain gaa leta ha, ndị Chirwas kwere ka ha hụ ibe ha ọzọ na nke mbụ n'ime afọ 8. [2] Orton nwụrụ n'ụlọ nga ya ka izu atọ gachara mgbe ọ dị afọ 73. Chirwa enweghị ike ịga olili ozu ahụ. [2]

Banda gbaghaara ya maka "ihe gbasara ọdịmma mmadụ", a tọhapụrụ ya na Jenụwarị 24, 1993 mgbe mba ahụ na-atụgharị gaa na steeti ọtụtụ pati na-esote njedebe nke ọchịchị Banda. [2]

Ọrụ dị ugbu a

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Mgbasa oke ruru mmadu

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

N'afọ 2000, e mere ya onye nta akụkọ pụrụ iche na ọnọdụ ụlọ mkpọrọ dị n'Africa maka African Commission on Human and People's' Rights . Ọ tọrọ ntọala NGO Malawi Center for Advice, Research and Education on Rights (Malawi CARER) na onye isi otu a. [2] Ọ gbara mkpọsa ka a kwụsị ntaramahụhụ ọnwụ. [2] Ọ gara n'ihu na-alụ ọgụ maka ikike mmadụ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'okpuru ọchịchị Bakili Muluzi na ọchịchị Bingu wa Mutharika . [5] Ọ na-arụkwa ọrụ maka Voice Women, otu na-ahụ maka ikike nwoke na nwanyị. [6]

Mgbasa ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Chirwa na-aga n'ihu na-alụ ọgụ maka ikike ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ma gbalịa iguzo dị ka onye nọọrọ onwe ya maka onye isi ala, ọrụ siri ike na obodo nwere usoro pati maka onye na-abụghị onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị guzobere. [6]

Vera Chirwa ihe nrite oke mmadu

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ihe nrite Vera Chirwa Human Rights bụ nke Center for Human Rights na Mahadum Pretoria dị na South Africa na-enye onye “bụ onye kacha akọwapụta ezigbo ọkaiwu ruuru mmadụ nke Afrịka” ma “nyela onyinye pụtara ìhè na nchekwa na nkwalite mmadụ. ikike na Africa." [7] Ndị nnata bụ ndị gụsịrị akwụkwọ na mmemme Master of Laws na Human Rights na Democratization na Mahadum Pretoria. [7] N'afọ 2006 mgbe Chtrwa center nwetara ihe nrite UNESCO, Vera Chirwa nwetara ihe nrite ikike mmadụ.

Ntụaka

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
  1. Danish Institute for Human Rights - Launch of Vera Chirwa Biography. Humanrights.dk. Archived from the original on June 2, 2010. Retrieved on 2011-02-11.
  2. 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 Estelle Drouvin (1993-01-24). [FIACAT] Malawi, Vera Chirwa Capital woman. Fiacat.org. Retrieved on 2011-02-11. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "fiacat1" defined multiple times with different content
  3. Kunter (2008). Changing relations between churches in Europe and Africa: the internationalization of Christianity and politics in the 20th century. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-05451-5. 
  4. 4.0 4.1 Vera Chirwa | Authors | Macmillan. Us.macmillan.com (2009-12-04). Retrieved on 2011-02-11.
  5. 5.0 5.1 Aubrey Sumbuleta (2005-11-16). Africa | Malawi campaigner still fighting. BBC News. Retrieved on 2011-02-11. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "autogenerated1" defined multiple times with different content
  6. 6.0 6.1 6.2 Charles Banda (2010-12-06). Is Africa ready for a female President?. Newsfromafrica.org. Retrieved on 2011-02-11. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "newsfromafrica1" defined multiple times with different content
  7. 7.0 7.1 Gabriel Shumba wins rights award. Nehanda Radio (9 December 2012). Archived from the original on 1 February 2016. Retrieved on 27 December 2012.